Skip to main content

Dog Face Recognition Using Vision Transformer

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Intelligent Systems (BRACIS 2023)

Abstract

The demand for effective, efficient and safe methods for animal identification has been increasing significantly, due to the need for traceability, management, and control of this population, which grows at higher rates than the human population, particularly pets. Motivated by the efficacy of modern human identification methods based on face biometrics features, in this paper, we propose a dog face recognition method based on vision transformers, a deep learning approach that decomposes the input image into a sequence of patches and applies self-attention to these patches to capture spatial relationships between them. Results obtained on DogFaceNet, a public database of dog face images, show that the proposed method, which uses the EfficientFormer-L1 architecture, outperforms the state-of-the-art method proposed previously in literature based on ResNet, a deep convolutional neural network.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Chollet, F.: How convolutional neural networks see the world. The Keras Blog 30 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  2. De Souza, G.B., da Silva Santos, D.F., Pires, R.G., Marana, A.N., Papa, J.P.: Deep texture features for robust face spoofing detection. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs 64(12), 1397–1401 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Deng, J., Guo, J., Liu, T., Gong, M., Zafeiriou, S.: Sub-center ArcFace: boosting face recognition by large-scale noisy web faces. In: Vedaldi, A., Bischof, H., Brox, T., Frahm, J.-M. (eds.) ECCV 2020. LNCS, vol. 12356, pp. 741–757. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58621-8_43

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Deng, J., Guo, J., Xue, N., Zafeiriou, S.: Arcface: Additive angular margin loss for deep face recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 4690–4699 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Dosovitskiy, A., et al.: An image is worth 16x16 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale. arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.11929 (2020)

  6. Forsyth, D.A., et al.: Object recognition with gradient-based learning. Shape, contour and grouping in computer vision, pp. 319–345 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  7. GeeksforGeeks: Residual networks (resnet) - deep learning. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/residual-networks-resnet-deep-learning/. Accessed 18 June 2022

  8. He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., Sun, J.: Identity mappings in deep residual networks. In: Leibe, B., Matas, J., Sebe, N., Welling, M. (eds.) ECCV 2016. LNCS, vol. 9908, pp. 630–645. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46493-0_38

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Institute, P.B.: Pet census (2019). https://institutopetbrasil.com/imprensa/censo-pet-1393-milhoes-de-animais-de-estimacao-no-brasil. Accessed 18 June 2022

  10. Jang, D.H., Kwon, K.S., Kim, J.K., Yang, K.Y., Kim, J.B.: Dog identification method based on muzzle pattern image. Appl. Sci. 10(24), 8994 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kumar, S., Singh, S.K.: Visual animal biometrics: survey. IET. Biometrics 6(3), 139–156 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Lai, K., Tu, X., Yanushkevich, S.: Dog identification using soft biometrics and neural networks. In: 2019 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), pp. 1–8. IEEE (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  13. LeCun, Y., Bottou, L., Bengio, Y., Haffner, P.: Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition. Proc. IEEE 86(11), 2278–2324 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Lemos, S.: The number of adoptions and abandonment of animals in the pandemic (2021). https://jornal.usp.br/atualidades/cresce-o-numero-de-adocoes-e-de-abandono-de-animais-na-pandemia. Accessed 18 June 2022

  15. Li, S., Jiao, J., Han, Y., Weissman, T.: Demystifying resnet. arXiv preprint arXiv:1611.01186 (2016)

  16. Li, Y., Yuan, G., Wen, Y., Hu, J., Evangelidis, G., Tulyakov, S., Wang, Y., Ren, J.: Efficientformer: vision transformers at mobilenet speed. Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst. 35, 12934–12949 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Mougeot, G., Li, D., Jia, S.: A deep learning approach for dog face verification and recognition. In: Nayak, A.C., Sharma, A. (eds.) PRICAI 2019. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 11672, pp. 418–430. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29894-4_34

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. Software, A.: Pet insurance fraud increases (2018). https://youtalk-insurance.com/broker-news/400-rise-in-pet-insurance-fraud-highlights-need-for-new-approach. Accessed 18 June 2022

  19. Targ, S., Almeida, D., Lyman, K.: Resnet in resnet: Generalizing residual architectures (2016). arXiv preprint arXiv:1603.08029

  20. Vaswani, A., et al.: Attention is all you need. Advances in neural information processing systems 30 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Yoon, B., So, H., Rhee, J.: A methodology for utilizing vector space to improve the performance of a dog face identification model. Appl. Sci. 11(5), 2074 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Zhang, K., Sun, M., Han, T.X., Yuan, X., Guo, L., Liu, T.: Residual networks of residual networks: multilevel residual networks. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 28(6), 1303–1314 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Zhang, X., Zhao, R., Qiao, Y., Wang, X., Li, H.: Adacos: adaptively scaling cosine logits for effectively learning deep face representations. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 10823–10832 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Victor Hugo Braguim Canto .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Canto, V.H.B., Manesco, J.R.R., de Souza, G.B., Marana, A.N. (2023). Dog Face Recognition Using Vision Transformer. In: Naldi, M.C., Bianchi, R.A.C. (eds) Intelligent Systems. BRACIS 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 14196. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45389-2_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45389-2_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-45388-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-45389-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics