ABSTRACT
The term Dark Pattern has been used to define design patterns intentionally created to deceive users or favor the interests of parties other than users. Dark Patterns present socio-technical characteristics as something that happens when humans interact with technical artifacts in a given environment, causing annoyance, frustration, anger, and other emotions in users. Comprehending Dark Patterns require us to look at them from different perspectives, in a multifocal way, considering social and technical aspects in an intertwined way. In this paper, we apply the Semiotic Framework to analyze and discuss Dark Patterns from a socio-technical perspective. We use a popular Dark Pattern called Roach Motel to exemplify our discussion, unraveling it with the Semiotic Framework. Results show the complexity of the topic and exemplify the potential of a socio-technical approach to understand, characterize and advance our knowledge on it.
- Amazon. 2018. Close your Amazon account. Retrieved May 30, 2021 from https://www.amazon.com/privacy/data-deletionGoogle Scholar
- Ian Blair. 2018. Why Users Mute Push Notifications. Retrieved May 10, 2021 from https://buildfire.com/why- users- mute-push-notifications/Google Scholar
- Christoph Bösch, Benjamin Erb, Frank Kargl, Henning Kopp, and Stefan Pfattheicher. 2016. Tales from the dark side: Privacy dark strategies and privacy dark patterns. Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2016, 4 (2016), 237--254.Google ScholarCross Ref
- danah boyd. 2008. Understanding socio-technical phenomena in a web2. 0 Era. MSR New England Lab Opening 22 (2008).Google Scholar
- Harry Brignull. 2010. Dark Patterns. Retrieved May 24, 2021 from https://www.darkpatterns.org/Google Scholar
- Harry Brignull. 2010. Roach Motel. Retrieved May 26, 2021 from https://www.darkpatterns.org/types-of-dark-pattern/roach-motelGoogle Scholar
- Shruthi Sai Chivukula, Chris Watkins, Lucca McKay, and Colin M Gray. 2019. "Nothing Comes Before Profit" Asshole Design In the Wild. In Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1--6.Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Carlton Collins. 2018. Amazon account management: Hard to quit. Retrieved May 23, 2021 from https://www.journalofaccountancy.com/issues/2018/sep/how-to-delete-amazon-account.htmlGoogle Scholar
- Gregory Conti and Edward Sobiesk. 2010. Malicious interface design: exploiting the user. In Proceedings of the 19th international conference on World wide web. 271--280.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Linda Di Geronimo, Larissa Braz, Enrico Fregnan, Fabio Palomba, and Alberto Bacchelli. 2020. UI dark patterns and where to find them: a study on mobile applications and user perception. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1--14.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ameya Dusane. 2019. Leanplum Study Reports 75% of Millennials Delete Mobile Apps Due to Irrelevant Too Many Notifications. Retrieved May 10, 2021 from https://www.martechadvisor.com/news/mobile-marketing/leanplum-study-reports-75-of-millennials-delete-mobile-apps-due-to-irrelevant-too-many-notifications/Google Scholar
- Hussain Fakhruddin. 2016. Top 12 Reasons Why Users Frequently Uninstall Mobile Apps. Retrieved May 10, 2021 from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/top-12-reasons-why-users-frequently-uninstall-mobile-apps-fakhruddinGoogle Scholar
- Rodrigo Freese Gonzatto and Frederick MC van Amstel. 2017. Designing oppressive and libertarian interactions with the conscious body. In Proceedings of the XVI Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1--10.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Colin M Gray, Jingle Chen, Shruthi Sai Chivukula, and Liyang Qu. 2020. End User Accounts of Dark Patterns as Felt Manipulation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.11046 (2020).Google Scholar
- Colin M Gray, Yubo Kou, Bryan Battles, Joseph Hoggatt, and Austin L Toombs. 2018. The dark (patterns) side of UX design. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1--14.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Saul Greenberg, Sebastian Boring, Jo Vermeulen, and Jakub Dostal. 2014. Dark patterns in proxemic interactions: a critical perspective. In Proceedings of the 2014 conference on Designing interactive systems. 523--532.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Anjali Jain. 2019. 10 reasons why users uninstall your mobile app. Retrieved May 10, 2021 from https://clevertap.com/blog/10-reasons-why-users-uninstall-your-mobile-app/Google Scholar
- Cherie Lacey and Catherine Caudwell. 2019. Cuteness as a 'Dark Pattern'in home robots. In 2019 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). IEEE, 374--381.Google Scholar
- Leanplum. 2019. Inside the Best Mobile Communications Brands Top Reason Brands Fail Is Annoying Communications. Retrieved May 10, 2021 from https://drive.google.com/file/d/14EIlHptY1-q1IUvTaqbzwMFPR9OQML4o/view?usp=sharingGoogle Scholar
- Carla Leitão, Cristiano Maciel, Lara Schibelsky Godoy Piccolo, Luciana Salgado, Patricia C de Souza, Raquel Prates, Roberto Pereira, and Vinicius Carvalho Pereira. 2017. Human Values in HCI: a challenge for the GrandIHC-BR. In Proceedings of the XVI Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1--6.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Maximilian Maier and Rikard Harr. 2020. DARK DESIGN PATTERNS: AN END-USER PERSPECTIVE. Human Technology 16, 2 (2020).Google Scholar
- Arunesh Mathur, Gunes Acar, Michael J Friedman, Elena Lucherini, Jonathan Mayer, Marshini Chetty, and Arvind Narayanan. 2019. Dark patterns at scale: Findings from a crawl of 11K shopping websites. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 3, CSCW (2019), 1--32.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Arunesh Mathur, Mihir Kshirsagar, and Jonathan Mayer. 2021. What makes a dark pattern... dark? design attributes, normative considerations, and measurement methods. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1--18.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Robert Rosenberger. 2020. On hostile design: Theoretical and empirical prospects. Urban Studies 57, 4 (2020), 883--893.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Nick Routley. 2018. The Multi-Billion Dollar Industry That Makes Its Living From Your Data. Retrieved May 10, 2021 from https://www.visualcapitalist.com/personal-data-ecosystem/Google Scholar
- Selena Savic and Gordan Savicic. 2014. Unpleasant design. Designing out unwanted behaviour. In Proceedings of the 5th STS Italia Conference: A Matter of Design. Making Society through Science and Technology. 975--988.Google Scholar
- Ronald Stamper. 1993. A semiotic theory of information and information systems. In Invited papers for the ICL/University of Newcastle Seminar on Information.Google Scholar
- Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman. 1981. The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. science 211, 4481 (1981), 453--458.Google Scholar
- Upland. 2018. The Inside View: How Consumers Really Feel About Push Notifications. Retrieved May 10, 2021 from https://uplandsoftware.com/localytics/resources/blog/the-inside-view-how-consumers-really-feel-about-push-notifications/Google Scholar
- Christine Utz, Martin Degeling, Sascha Fahl, Florian Schaub, and Thorsten Holz. 2019. (un) informed consent: Studying gdpr consent notices in the field. In Proceedings of the 2019 acm sigsac conference on computer and communications security. 973--990.Google ScholarDigital Library
- José P Zagal, Staffan Björk, and Chris Lewis. 2013. Dark patterns in the design of games. In Foundations of Digital Games 2013.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Dark Patterns: Towards a Socio-technical Approach
Recommendations
Dark Patterns and the Legal Requirements of Consent Banners: An Interaction Criticism Perspective
CHI '21: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsUser engagement with data privacy and security through consent banners has become a ubiquitous part of interacting with internet services. While previous work has addressed consent banners from either interaction design, legal, and ethics-focused ...
Emerging Transdisciplinary Perspectives to Confront Dark Patterns
CHI EA '23: Extended Abstracts of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsTechnology ethics is increasingly at the forefront of human-computer interaction scholarship, with increasing visibility not only to end users of technology, but also regulators, technology practitioners, and platforms. The notion of “dark patterns” has ...
The Dark (Patterns) Side of UX Design
CHI '18: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsInterest in critical scholarship that engages with the complexity of user experience (UX) practice is rapidly expanding, yet the vocabulary for describing and assessing criticality in practice is currently lacking. In this paper, we outline and explore ...
Comments