Abstract
Workflow planning usually requires domain-specific knowledge from the planners, making it a relatively manual process. In addition, workflows are largely cross-organisational. As a result, minor modifications in the workflow of a collaborative partner may be propagated to other concurrently running workflows, which may result in significant adverse impacts. This paper presents a resource-sensitive formal modelling language, \(\mathcal {R}\textsc {pl}\). The language has explicit notions for task dependencies, resource allocation and time advancement. The language allows the planners to estimate the effect of changes in collaborative workflows with respect to cost in terms of execution time. This paper proposes a static analysis for computing the worst execution time of a cross-organisational workflow modelled in \(\mathcal {R}\textsc {pl}\) by defining a compositional function that translates an \(\mathcal {R}\textsc {pl}\) program to a set cost equations.
Partially supported by CroFlow: Enabling Highly Automated Cross-Organisational Workflow Planning, Pathology services in the Western Norwegian Health Region – a center for applied digitization and SIRIUS – Centre for Scalable Data Access (www.sirius-labs.no).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
We refer \(\overline{f}\) to a (possibly empty) set of futures by overloading the overline notation.
References
van der Aalst, W.M.: The application of Petri nets to workflow management. J. Circuits, Syst. Comput. 8(01), 21–66 (1998)
van der Aalst, W.M.: Loosely coupled interorganizational workflows: modeling and analyzing workflows crossing organizational boundaries. Inf. Manag. 37(2), 67–75 (2000)
Abouzaid, F.: A mapping from pi-calculus into BPEL. Front. Artif. Intell. Appl. 143, 235 (2006)
Agha, G.A.: Actors: A Model of Concurrent Computation in Distributed Systems. Tech. rep, Massachusetts Inst of Tech Cambridge Artificial Intelligence Lab (1985)
Albert, E., Arenas, P., Genaim, S., Puebla, G.: Closed-form upper bounds in static cost analysis. J. Autom. Reason. 46(2), 161–203 (2011)
Albert, E., Arenas, P., Genaim, S., Puebla, G., Zanardini, D.: Cost analysis of object-oriented bytecode programs. Theor. Comput. Sci. 413(1), 142–159 (2012)
Ali, M.R., Pun, V.K.I.: Cost Analysis for an Actor-Based Workflow Modelling Language (long version). In: Research Report 15, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences (2021)
Rizwan Ali, M., Ka I Pun, V.: Towards a resource-aware formal modelling language for workflow planning. In: Bellatreche, L., Chernishev, G., Corral, A., Ouchani, S., Vain, J. (eds.) MEDI 2021. CCIS, vol. 1481, pp. 251–258. Springer, Cham (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87657-9_19
Dijkman, R.M., Dumas, M., Ouyang, C.: Formal semantics and analysis of BPMN process models using Petri nets. In: Queensland Univ. of Technology, Tech. Rep. pp. 1–30 (2007)
Din, C.C., Bubel, R., Hähnle, R.: KEY-ABS: a deductive verification tool for the concurrent modelling language ABS. In: Felty, A.P., Middeldorp, A. (eds.) CADE 2015. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 9195, pp. 517–526. Springer, Cham (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21401-6_35
van Dongen, B.F., de Medeiros, A.K.A., Verbeek, H.M.W., Weijters, A.J.M.M., van der Aalst, W.M.P.: The ProM framework: a new era in process mining tool support. In: Ciardo, G., Darondeau, P. (eds.) ICATPN 2005. LNCS, vol. 3536, pp. 444–454. Springer, Heidelberg (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/11494744_25
Dourish, P.: Process descriptions as organisational accounting devices: the dual use of workflow technologies. In: Proceedings of the 2001 Intl. ACM SIGGROUP Conference on Supporting Group Work, pp. 52–60 (2001)
Dumas, M., van der Aalst, W.M., Ter Hofstede, A.H.: Process-aware information systems: bridging people and software through process technology. Wiley, Hoboken (2005)
Flores-Montoya, A., Hähnle, R.: Resource analysis of complex programs with cost equations. In: Garrigue, J. (ed.) APLAS 2014. LNCS, vol. 8858, pp. 275–295. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12736-1_15
Gottschalk, F., van der Aalst, W.M.P., Jansen-Vullers, M.H.: Merging event-driven process chains. In: Meersman, R., Tari, Z. (eds.) OTM 2008. LNCS, vol. 5331, pp. 418–426. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88871-0_28
Gruhn, V., Laue, R.: Using timed model checking for verifying workflows. Comput. Support. Act. Coord. 2005, 75–88 (2005)
Hinz, S., Schmidt, K., Stahl, C.: Transforming BPEL to petri nets. In: van der Aalst, W.M.P., Benatallah, B., Casati, F., Curbera, F. (eds.) BPM 2005. LNCS, vol. 3649, pp. 220–235. Springer, Heidelberg (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/11538394_15
Hoffmann, J., Shao, Z.: Automatic static cost analysis for parallel programs. In: Vitek, J. (ed.) ESOP 2015. LNCS, vol. 9032, pp. 132–157. Springer, Heidelberg (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46669-8_6
Johnsen, E.B., Hähnle, R., Schäfer, J., Schlatte, R., Steffen, M.: ABS: a core language for abstract behavioral specification. In: Aichernig, B.K., de Boer, F.S., Bonsangue, M.M. (eds.) FMCO 2010. LNCS, vol. 6957, pp. 142–164. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25271-6_8
La Rosa, M., Dumas, M., Uba, R., Dijkman, R.: Merging business process models. In: Meersman, R., Dillon, T., Herrero, P. (eds.) OTM 2010. LNCS, vol. 6426, pp. 96–113. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16934-2_10
Laneve, C., Lienhardt, M., Pun, K.I., Román-DÃez, G.: Time analysis of actor programs. J. Logical Algebraic Method Program. 105, 1–27 (2019)
Juric, M., Benny Mathew, P.S.: Business Process Execution Language for Web Services BPEL and BPEL4WS. Packt Publishing (2006)
Mendling, J.: Event-driven process chains (EPC). In: Metrics for Process Models. LNBIP, vol. 6, pp. 17–57. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89224-3_2
OMG, B.P.M.: Notation (BPMN) Version 2.0 (2011)
Wong, P.Y., Gibbons, J.: Property specifications for workflow modelling. Sci. Comput. Program. 76(10), 942–967 (2011)
Xu, L., Liu, H., Wang, S., Wang, K.: Modelling and analysis techniques for cross-organizational workflow systems. Syst. Res. Behav. Sci. Official J. Intl. Federation Syst. Res. 26(3), 367–389 (2009)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ali, M.R., Pun, V.K.I. (2021). Cost Analysis for an Actor-Based Workflow Modelling Language. In: Campos, S., Minea, M. (eds) Formal Methods: Foundations and Applications. SBMF 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 13130. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92137-8_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92137-8_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-92136-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-92137-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)