Visualizing the structure of urban mobility with bundling: A case study of the city of São Paulo
Resumo
Visualization of urban mobility data can facilitate the analysis and the decision-making process by public managers. However, mobility datasets tend to be very large and pose several challenges to the use of visualization, such as algorithm scalability and data occlusion. One approach to solve this problem is trail bundling, which groups motion trails that are spatially close in a simplified representation. This paper presents the results of adapting and using a recent bundling technique on a big dataset of urban mobility in São Paulo. The results show that bundling allows the visualization of various mobility patterns in the city.
Palavras-chave:
urban mobility, data visualization, edge bundling, trajectories analysis
Referências
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Comaniciu, D. and Meer, P. (2002). Mean shift: A robust approach toward feature spaceanalysis. IEEE TPAMI, 24(5):603-619.
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Holten, D. (2006). Hierarchical edge bundles: Visualization of adjacency relations inhierarchical data. IEEE TVCG, 12(5):741-748.
Hurter, C. (2015). Image-Based Visualization: Interactive Multidimensional Data Explo-ration. Morgan Claypool.
Hurter, C., Ersoy, O., and Telea, A. (2012). Graph bundling by kernel density estima-tion. Comput. Graph. Forum, 31(3pt1):865-874. doi :10.1111/5.1467-8659.2012.03079.x.
Hurter, C., Ersoy, O., Fabrikant, S. I., Klein, T. R., and Telea, A. C. (2014). BundledVisualization of Dynamic Graph and Trail Data. IEEE Transactions on Visualizationand Computer Graphics, 20(8):1141-1157. doi :10.1109/TVCG.2013.246.
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Lhuillier, A., Hurter, C., and Telea, A. (2017). FFTEB: Edge bundling of huge graphs bythe fast fourier transform. In 2017 IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium (PacificVis),pages 190-199. doi :10.1109/PACIFICVIS.2017.8031594.
Lhuillier, A., Hurter, C., and Telea, A. (2017). State of the Art in Edge and Trail BundlingTechniques. Comput. Graph. Forum, 36(3):619-645. doi :10.1111/cgf.13213.
Metrô SP (2018). A mobilidade urbana da região metropolitana de SãoPaulo em detalhes. Secretaria Estadual dos Transportes Metropoli-tanos e Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo, São Paulo. URL:metro.sp.gov.br/pesquisa-od/arquivos/Ebook%20Pesquisas200D%202017 final 240719 versao 4.pdf.
Peysakhovich, V., Hurter, C., and Telea, A. (2015). Attribute-driven edge bundling forgeneral graphs with applications in trail analysis. In Proc. IEEE PacificVis.
Slocum, T. A., McMaster, R. B., Kessler, F. C., and Howard, H. H. (2009). ThematicCartography and Geovisualization. Pearson Prentice Hall.
Telea, A. and Ersoy, O. (2010). Image-based edge bundles: Simplified visualization oflarge graphs. Computer Graphics Forum, 29(3).
Vale, R. EC C. (2018). The welfare costs of traffic congestion in São PauloMetropolitan Area. Master's thesis, Faculdade de Economia, Administraçãoe Contabilidade de Ribeirão Preto — USP. doi:10.11606/D.96.2018.tde-01082018-091126.
Van Der Zwan, M., Codreanu, V., and Telea, A. (2016). CUBu: Universal Real-TimeBundling for Large Graphs. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graph-ics, 2412):2550-2563. doi: 10.1109/TVCG.2016.2515611.
Willems, N., Scheepens, R., Van De Wetering, H., and Van Wijk, J. J. (2009). Visualiza-tion of vessel traffic. Situation Awareness with Systems of Systems, 9781461462(3):73—87. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6230-9 5.
Zeng, W., Shen, Q., Jiang, Y., and Telea, A. (2019). Route-aware edge bundling for visu-alizing origin-destination trails in urban traffic. Computer Graphics Forum, 38(3):581-593. doi:10.1111/cgf.13712.
Zhou, H., Xu, P., Yuan, X., and Qu, H. (2013). Edge bundling in information visual-ization. Tsinghua Science and Technology, 18(2):145-156. doi:10.1109/TST.2013.6509098.
Chen, W., Guo, F., and Wang, F. Y. (2015). A Survey of Traffic Data Visualization.IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 16(6):2970-2984. doi:10.1109/TITS.2015.2436897.
Comaniciu, D. and Meer, P. (2002). Mean shift: A robust approach toward feature spaceanalysis. IEEE TPAMI, 24(5):603-619.
Graser, A., Schmidt, J., Roth, F., and Brândle, N. (2017). Untangling origin-destinationflows in geographic information systems. Information Visualization, 18(1):153-172.doi:10.1177/1473871617738122.
Holten, D. (2006). Hierarchical edge bundles: Visualization of adjacency relations inhierarchical data. IEEE TVCG, 12(5):741-748.
Hurter, C. (2015). Image-Based Visualization: Interactive Multidimensional Data Explo-ration. Morgan Claypool.
Hurter, C., Ersoy, O., and Telea, A. (2012). Graph bundling by kernel density estima-tion. Comput. Graph. Forum, 31(3pt1):865-874. doi :10.1111/5.1467-8659.2012.03079.x.
Hurter, C., Ersoy, O., Fabrikant, S. I., Klein, T. R., and Telea, A. C. (2014). BundledVisualization of Dynamic Graph and Trail Data. IEEE Transactions on Visualizationand Computer Graphics, 20(8):1141-1157. doi :10.1109/TVCG.2013.246.
Klein, T., van der Zwan, M., and Telea, A. (2014). Dynamic multiscale visualiza-tion of flight data. Computer Vision Theory and Applications (VISAPP), 2014 In-ternational Conference on, 1:104-114. URL: ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/abstractMetrics. jsp?arnumber=7294794.
Lhuillier, A., Hurter, C., and Telea, A. (2017). FFTEB: Edge bundling of huge graphs bythe fast fourier transform. In 2017 IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium (PacificVis),pages 190-199. doi :10.1109/PACIFICVIS.2017.8031594.
Lhuillier, A., Hurter, C., and Telea, A. (2017). State of the Art in Edge and Trail BundlingTechniques. Comput. Graph. Forum, 36(3):619-645. doi :10.1111/cgf.13213.
Metrô SP (2018). A mobilidade urbana da região metropolitana de SãoPaulo em detalhes. Secretaria Estadual dos Transportes Metropoli-tanos e Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo, São Paulo. URL:metro.sp.gov.br/pesquisa-od/arquivos/Ebook%20Pesquisas200D%202017 final 240719 versao 4.pdf.
Peysakhovich, V., Hurter, C., and Telea, A. (2015). Attribute-driven edge bundling forgeneral graphs with applications in trail analysis. In Proc. IEEE PacificVis.
Slocum, T. A., McMaster, R. B., Kessler, F. C., and Howard, H. H. (2009). ThematicCartography and Geovisualization. Pearson Prentice Hall.
Telea, A. and Ersoy, O. (2010). Image-based edge bundles: Simplified visualization oflarge graphs. Computer Graphics Forum, 29(3).
Vale, R. EC C. (2018). The welfare costs of traffic congestion in São PauloMetropolitan Area. Master's thesis, Faculdade de Economia, Administraçãoe Contabilidade de Ribeirão Preto — USP. doi:10.11606/D.96.2018.tde-01082018-091126.
Van Der Zwan, M., Codreanu, V., and Telea, A. (2016). CUBu: Universal Real-TimeBundling for Large Graphs. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graph-ics, 2412):2550-2563. doi: 10.1109/TVCG.2016.2515611.
Willems, N., Scheepens, R., Van De Wetering, H., and Van Wijk, J. J. (2009). Visualiza-tion of vessel traffic. Situation Awareness with Systems of Systems, 9781461462(3):73—87. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6230-9 5.
Zeng, W., Shen, Q., Jiang, Y., and Telea, A. (2019). Route-aware edge bundling for visu-alizing origin-destination trails in urban traffic. Computer Graphics Forum, 38(3):581-593. doi:10.1111/cgf.13712.
Zhou, H., Xu, P., Yuan, X., and Qu, H. (2013). Edge bundling in information visual-ization. Tsinghua Science and Technology, 18(2):145-156. doi:10.1109/TST.2013.6509098.
Publicado
10/12/2020
Como Citar
MARTINS, Tallys Gustavo; LAGO, Nelson; DE SOUZA, Higor Amario; SANTANA, Eduardo Felipe Zambom; TELEA, Alexandru; KON, Fabio.
Visualizing the structure of urban mobility with bundling: A case study of the city of São Paulo. In: WORKSHOP DE COMPUTAÇÃO URBANA (COURB), 4. , 2020, Rio de Janeiro.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2020
.
p. 178-191.
ISSN 2595-2706.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/courb.2020.12362.
