Accessibility on social media: exploring congenital blind people’s interaction with visual content
Resumo
Visually impaired people who use screen reader software need audio or textual alternatives to interact independently with visual content, that is shared on large scale in online social media systems. Considering the differences in the way congenital blind and sighted people perceive and interact with the world, often represented by images in those systems, this research aimed to explore the interaction of congenital blind with visual content in online social media systems. For this purpose, we conducted semi-structured interviews with eleven congenital blind people from different Brazilian regions, in order to deepen the practices, preferences, and problems faced in accessing this kind of content.
Palavras-chave:
accessibility, social media, congenital blind, visual content
Referências
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Ana Cristina Carmelino and Lídia Kogawa. 2020. A intertextualidade como marca dos stickers do Whatsapp. Revista (Con)Textos Linguísticos 14 (7 2020), 156--176. Issue 27.
Ana Maria Nicolaci da Costa. 2007. O campo da pesquisa qualitativa e Método de Explicitação do Discurso Subjacente (MEDS). Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica 20 (2007), 65--73. [link].
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João Marcelo dos Santos Marques, Luiz Fernando Gopi Valente, Simone Bacellar Leal Ferreira, Claudia Cappelli, and Luciana Salgado. 2017. Audio description on instagram: Evaluating and comparing two ways of describing images for visually impaired. ICEIS 2017 - Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (2017), 29--40.
Simone Bacellar Leal Ferreira, Marie Agnes Chauvel, and Marcos Gurgel do Amaral Leal Ferreira. 2006. e-Acessibilidade: Tornando Visível o Invisível. Anais do XXX Encontro Nacional dos Programas de Pós- Graduação em Administração.
Cole Gleason, Patrick Carrington, Cameron Cassidy, Meredith Ringel Morris, Kris M. Kitani, and Jeffrey P. Bigham. 2019. "It's almost like they're trying to hide it": How User-Provided Image Descriptions Have Failed to Make Twitter Accessible. The World Wide Web Conference on - WWW '19, 549--559.
Cole Gleason, Amy Pavel, Xingyu Liu, Patrick Carrington, Lydia B. Chilton, and Jeffrey P. Bigham. 2019. Making memes accessible. ASSETS 2019 - 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, 367--376.
Instagram. 2018. Um Instagram mais acessível. [link].
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Alessandra Helena Jandrey, Duncan Dubugras Alcoba Ruiz, and Milene Selbach Silveira. 2021. Image Descriptions' Limitations for People with Visual Impairments: Where Are We and Where Are We Going?. In Proceedings of the XX Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Virtual Event, Brazil) (IHC '21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 30, 11 pages.
Haley MacLeod, Cynthia L Bennett, Meredith Ringel Morris, and Edward Cutrell. 2017. Understanding Blind People's Experiences with Computer-Generated Captions of Social Media Images. Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 5988--5999.
Catieli Pereira Moraes. 2018. Cego também usa Facebook: #PraCegoVer. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso. Universidade de Passo Fundo. http://repositorio.upf.br/handle/riupf/1505
Meredith Ringel Morris, Jazette Johnson, Cynthia L. Bennett, and Edward Cutrell. 2018. Rich Representations of Visual Content for Screen Reader Users. Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '18, 1--11.
Meredith Ringel Morris, Annuska Zolyomi, Catherine Yao, Sina Bahram, Jeffrey P. Bigham, and Shaun K. Kane. 2016. "With most of it being pictures now, I rarely use it": Understanding Twitter's evolving accessibility to blind users. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings, 5506--5516.
Leyberson Pedrosa. 2015. Inclusão: quais são as redes sociais mais populares entre deficientes visuais? [link].
Helen Petrie, Chandra Harrison, and Sundeep Dev. 2005. Describing images on the Web: a survey of current practice and prospects for the future. Proceeding of the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction - HCI International 2005.
John C. Rigdon. 2016. Dictionary of Computer and Internet Terms. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. 1471 pages. [link].
Carolina Sacramento, Leonardo Nardi, Simone Bacellar Leal Ferreira, and João Marcelo dos Santos Marques. 2020. PraCegoVer: Investigating the Description of Visual Content in Brazilian Online Social Media. In Proceedings of the 19th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Diamantina, Brazil) (IHC '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 1, 10 pages.
Elliot Salisbury, Ece Kamar, and Meredith Ringel Morris. 2017. Toward Scalable Social Alt Text: Conversational Crowdsourcing as a Tool for Refining Vision-to-Language Technology for the Blind. Proceedings of HCOMP 2017, 147--156.
Statista. 2021. Number of social media users in Brazil from 2017 to 2026. [link].
UNICODE. 2021. About Emojis. https://home.unicode.org/emoji/about-emoji/
Violeta Voykinska, Shiri Azenkot, Shaomei Wu, and Gilly Leshed. 2016. How Blind People Interact with Visual Content on Social Networking Services. Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work Social Computing - CSCW '16, 1582--1593.
WebAIM. 2022. The WebAIM Million. https://webaim.org/projects/million/#alttext
Jason Wise. 2022. How many videos are uploaded to YouTube a day in 2022? https://earthweb.com/how-many-videos-are-uploaded-to-youtube-a-day/
Shaomei Wu and Lada A. Adamic. 2014. Visually Impaired Users on an Online Social Network. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) (CHI '14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 3133--3142.
Shaomei Wu, Jeffrey Wieland, Omid Farivar, and Julie Schiller. 2017. Automatic alt-text: Computer-generated image descriptions for blind users on a social network service. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW, 1180--1192.
Yuhang Zhao, Shaomei Wu, Lindsay Reynolds, and Shiri Azenkot. 2017. The effect of computer-generated descriptions on photo-sharing experiences of people with visual impairments. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 1 (11 2017). Issue CSCW.
Simone Diniz Junqueira Barbosa, Bruno Santana da Silva, Milene Selbach Silveira, Isabela Gasparini, Ticianne Darin, and Gabriel Diniz Junqueira Barbosa. 2021. Interação Humano-Computador e Experiência do Usuário. Autopublicação.
Ana Cristina Carmelino and Lídia Kogawa. 2020. A intertextualidade como marca dos stickers do Whatsapp. Revista (Con)Textos Linguísticos 14 (7 2020), 156--176. Issue 27.
Ana Maria Nicolaci da Costa. 2007. O campo da pesquisa qualitativa e Método de Explicitação do Discurso Subjacente (MEDS). Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica 20 (2007), 65--73. [link].
Ana Maria Nicolaci da Costa, Carla Faria Leitão, and Daniela Romão-Dias. 2004. Como conhecer usuários através do Método de Explicitação do Discurso Subjacente (MEDS). VI Simpósio sobre Fatores Humanos em Sistemas Computacionais (IHC 2004), 47--56. [link]
Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas. 2016. ABNT NBR 16452: acessibilidade na comunicação - audiodescrição. [link]
Priberam Dicionário. 2022. Meme. https://dicionario.priberam.org/meme
João Marcelo dos Santos Marques, Luiz Fernando Gopi Valente, Simone Bacellar Leal Ferreira, Claudia Cappelli, and Luciana Salgado. 2017. Audio description on instagram: Evaluating and comparing two ways of describing images for visually impaired. ICEIS 2017 - Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (2017), 29--40.
Simone Bacellar Leal Ferreira, Marie Agnes Chauvel, and Marcos Gurgel do Amaral Leal Ferreira. 2006. e-Acessibilidade: Tornando Visível o Invisível. Anais do XXX Encontro Nacional dos Programas de Pós- Graduação em Administração.
Cole Gleason, Patrick Carrington, Cameron Cassidy, Meredith Ringel Morris, Kris M. Kitani, and Jeffrey P. Bigham. 2019. "It's almost like they're trying to hide it": How User-Provided Image Descriptions Have Failed to Make Twitter Accessible. The World Wide Web Conference on - WWW '19, 549--559.
Cole Gleason, Amy Pavel, Xingyu Liu, Patrick Carrington, Lydia B. Chilton, and Jeffrey P. Bigham. 2019. Making memes accessible. ASSETS 2019 - 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, 367--376.
Instagram. 2018. Um Instagram mais acessível. [link].
Internet Live Stats. 2021. In one second, each and every second, there are.... https://www.internetlivestats.com/one-second/
Alessandra Helena Jandrey, Duncan Dubugras Alcoba Ruiz, and Milene Selbach Silveira. 2021. Image Descriptions' Limitations for People with Visual Impairments: Where Are We and Where Are We Going?. In Proceedings of the XX Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Virtual Event, Brazil) (IHC '21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 30, 11 pages.
Haley MacLeod, Cynthia L Bennett, Meredith Ringel Morris, and Edward Cutrell. 2017. Understanding Blind People's Experiences with Computer-Generated Captions of Social Media Images. Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 5988--5999.
Catieli Pereira Moraes. 2018. Cego também usa Facebook: #PraCegoVer. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso. Universidade de Passo Fundo. http://repositorio.upf.br/handle/riupf/1505
Meredith Ringel Morris, Jazette Johnson, Cynthia L. Bennett, and Edward Cutrell. 2018. Rich Representations of Visual Content for Screen Reader Users. Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '18, 1--11.
Meredith Ringel Morris, Annuska Zolyomi, Catherine Yao, Sina Bahram, Jeffrey P. Bigham, and Shaun K. Kane. 2016. "With most of it being pictures now, I rarely use it": Understanding Twitter's evolving accessibility to blind users. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings, 5506--5516.
Leyberson Pedrosa. 2015. Inclusão: quais são as redes sociais mais populares entre deficientes visuais? [link].
Helen Petrie, Chandra Harrison, and Sundeep Dev. 2005. Describing images on the Web: a survey of current practice and prospects for the future. Proceeding of the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction - HCI International 2005.
John C. Rigdon. 2016. Dictionary of Computer and Internet Terms. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. 1471 pages. [link].
Carolina Sacramento, Leonardo Nardi, Simone Bacellar Leal Ferreira, and João Marcelo dos Santos Marques. 2020. PraCegoVer: Investigating the Description of Visual Content in Brazilian Online Social Media. In Proceedings of the 19th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Diamantina, Brazil) (IHC '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 1, 10 pages.
Elliot Salisbury, Ece Kamar, and Meredith Ringel Morris. 2017. Toward Scalable Social Alt Text: Conversational Crowdsourcing as a Tool for Refining Vision-to-Language Technology for the Blind. Proceedings of HCOMP 2017, 147--156.
Statista. 2021. Number of social media users in Brazil from 2017 to 2026. [link].
UNICODE. 2021. About Emojis. https://home.unicode.org/emoji/about-emoji/
Violeta Voykinska, Shiri Azenkot, Shaomei Wu, and Gilly Leshed. 2016. How Blind People Interact with Visual Content on Social Networking Services. Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work Social Computing - CSCW '16, 1582--1593.
WebAIM. 2022. The WebAIM Million. https://webaim.org/projects/million/#alttext
Jason Wise. 2022. How many videos are uploaded to YouTube a day in 2022? https://earthweb.com/how-many-videos-are-uploaded-to-youtube-a-day/
Shaomei Wu and Lada A. Adamic. 2014. Visually Impaired Users on an Online Social Network. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) (CHI '14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 3133--3142.
Shaomei Wu, Jeffrey Wieland, Omid Farivar, and Julie Schiller. 2017. Automatic alt-text: Computer-generated image descriptions for blind users on a social network service. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW, 1180--1192.
Yuhang Zhao, Shaomei Wu, Lindsay Reynolds, and Shiri Azenkot. 2017. The effect of computer-generated descriptions on photo-sharing experiences of people with visual impairments. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 1 (11 2017). Issue CSCW.
Publicado
17/10/2022
Como Citar
SACRAMENTO, Carolina; LEAL FERREIRA, Simone Bacellar.
Accessibility on social media: exploring congenital blind people’s interaction with visual content. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO SOBRE FATORES HUMANOS EM SISTEMAS COMPUTACIONAIS (IHC), 21. , 2022, Diamantina.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2022
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