Towards the adaptation of SAwD for Deaf Users: Pilot S essions with the Stakeholders Identification Diagram
Resumo
Our work focuses on the inclusion of deaf users in participatory design approaches. This entails not only increased awareness of the diversity of participants, but also the use of appropriate research instruments. In existing and novel research artifacts found in the literature, not only the language, but also how deaf persons rely on a spatial and visual way for thinking, acting, representing ideas, and interacting, become key factors for autonomous participation. In this paper, we present three phases of our research journey, namely, contextualization, ideation and redesign, and evaluation of a proposed adaptation of the Stakeholder Identification Diagram (SID) artifact, used in the Socially Aware Design approach. Twenty research sessions were carried out with and by a group of deaf and hearing codesigners: Sixteen virtual meetings with the research team, and four face-to-face pilot sessions. The evaluation phase took twelve sessions in total since we had to go back and iterate with the contextualization phase. Also, after pilot sessions, we met to analyze results and discuss previous phases. Various alternatives for adaptations in the layout and in the way of using the instrument were ideated and discussed before reaching a first version to be tested in pilot sessions. This work presents three main contributions: the three-phase framework to adapt research artifacts by working with a team of diverse profile and educational background, the collaboration between deaf and hearing researchers as codesigners in the field of HCI in Brazil, and the adaptation of the SID artifact to consider deaf participants. To the best of our knowledge, neither of the last two contributions have been previously explored. We aim to generalizing our adaptation process to other instruments for working with deaf researchers and participants.
Palavras-chave:
Sign language users, Artifact adaptation, Cultural artifacts, Socially Aware Design
Referências
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M. Cecília C. Baranauskas. 2014. Social Awareness in HCI. Interactions 21, 4 (jul 2014), 66–69. DOI: 10.1145/2621933
Maria Cecília Calani Baranauskas and Elaine C. S. Hayashi. 2021. Design da interação e ambientes de aprendizagem baseados em tecnologia. In Informática na Educação: ambientes de aprendizagem, objetos de aprendizagem e empreendedorismo. Série Informática na Educação CEIE-SBC, v.5. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação.
Maria C. C. Baranauskas, Maria C. Martins, and José A. Valente. 2013. Codesign de Redes Digitais: Tecnologia e Educação a Serviço da Inclusão Social. Penso, Porto Alegre, RS.
Rachel Boll, Shruti Mahajan, Jeanne Reis, and Erin T. Solovey. 2020. Creating Questionnaires That Align with ASL Linguistic Principles and Cultural Practices within the Deaf Community. In Proceedings of the 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Virtual Event, Greece) (ASSETS ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 61, 4 pages. DOI: 10.1145/3373625.3418071
Danielle Bragg, Oscar Koller, Mary Bellard, Larwan Berke, Patrick Boudreault, Annelies Braffort, Naomi Caselli, Matt Huenerfauth, Hernisa Kacorri, Tessa Verhoef, Christian Vogler, and Meredith Ringel Morris. 2019. Sign Language Recognition, Generation, and Translation: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. In Proceedings of the 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Pittsburgh, PA, USA) (ASSETS ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 16–31. DOI: 10.1145/3308561.3353774
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José Valderlei da Silva, Roberto Pereira, Samuel Bastos Buchdid, Emanuel Felipe Duarte, and Maria Cecília Calani Baranauskas. 2016. SAwD - Socially Aware Design: An Organizational Semiotics-Based CASE Tool to Support Early Design Activities. In Socially Aware Organisations and Technologies. Impact and Challenges, Maria Cecilia Calani Baranauskas, Kecheng Liu, Lily Sun, Vânia Paula de Almeida Neris, Rodrigo Bonacin, and Keiichi Nakata (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 59–69.
Flabiéli Pricila Ferreira de Miranda and Soraia Silva Prietch. 2016. Emotion-Libras: Instrument for Use in Human-Computer Interaction Researches Considering People Who Are Deaf as Potential Users of Technology. In Proceedings of the 15th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (São Paulo, Brazil) (IHC ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 44, 4 pages. DOI: 10.1145/3033701.3033746
Athanasia-Lida Dimou, Vassilis Papavassiliou, Theodoros Goulas, Kyriaki Vasilaki, Anna Vacalopoulou, Stavroula-Evita Fotinea, and Eleni Efthimiou. 2022. What about synthetic signing? A methodology for signer involvement in the development of avatar technology with generative capacity. Frontiers in Communication 7 (2022). DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2022.798644
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Matt Huenerfauth, Kasmira Patel, and Larwan Berke. 2017. Design and Psychometric Evaluation of an American Sign Language Translation of the System Usability Scale. In Proceedings of the 19th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Baltimore, Maryland, USA) (ASSETS ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 175–184. DOI: 10.1145/3132525.3132540
Michael Kipp, Quan Nguyen, Alexis Heloir, and Silke Matthes. 2011. Assessing the Deaf User Perspective on Sign Language Avatars. In The Proceedings of the 13th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Dundee, Scotland, UK) (ASSETS ’11). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 107–114. DOI: 10.1145/2049536.2049557
Martin Kolkman. 1993. Problem Articulation Methodology. Ph. D. Dissertation. University of Twente, Enschede, NL.
Kecheng Liu. 2000. Semiotics in Information Systems Engineering. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Manuel Martínez Gutiérrez and José Rafael Rojano-Cáceres. 2020. Interpretation of the SUS questionnaire in Mexican sign language to evaluate usability an approach. In 2020 3rd International Conference of Inclusive Technology and Education (CONTIE). 180–183. DOI: 10.1109/CONTIE51334.2020.00040
Carol A. Padden and Tom L. Humphries. 1988. Deaf in America: Voices from a Culture. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. DOI: 10.1097/00003446-198904000-00022
Polianna Paim, Soraia Silva Prietch, and J Alfredo Sánchez. 2022. Adapting Codesign Techniques for the Construction of a Learning Environment of a Written Second Language for the D/deaf. Interacting with Computers 35, 2 (10 2022), 315–329. DOI: 10.1093/iwc/iwac023 arXiv: [link]
Roberto Pereira, Samuel B. Buchdid, Leonardo Cunha de Miranda, and Maria Cecília Calini Baranauskas. 2013. Paying attention to values and culture: an artifact to support the evaluation of interactive systems. In International Journal for Infonomics (IJI), Vol. 1(1). 792–801.
Soraia Prietch, Flabiéli Miranda, Polianna Paim, Vanuza Leite, and Camila Soncini Nogueira. 2021. A Sign Language Self-Report Instrument for Research on Emotional User Experience. In X Latin American Conference on Human Computer Interaction (Valparaiso, Chile) (CLIHC 2021). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 7, 3 pages. DOI: 10.1145/3488392.3488399
Soraia S. Prietch, J. Alfredo Sánchez, and Josefina Guerrero. 2022. Deriving socio-technical good practices for automatic sign language processing systems from socially aware codesign. In VIII Jornadas Iberoamericanas de Interacción Humano-Computadora (Havana, Cuba).
Timothy Reagan. 2020. Social Justice, Audism, and the d/Deaf: Rethinking Linguistic and Cultural Differences. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 1479–1510. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-14625-2_108
Douglas Schuler and Aki Namioka. 1993. Participatory Design: Principles and Practices. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, MI.
José Valderlei da Silva and M. Cecília C. Baranauskas. 2020. Interaction Spaces and Socioenactive Dimensions: Exploring Perturbations of IoHT. In Proceedings of the 19th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Diamantina, Brazil) (IHC ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 23, 10 pages. DOI: 10.1145/3424953.3426495
Ronald Stamper. 1973. Information in Business and Administrative Systems. Wiley Inc, New York, NY.
Karin Strobel. 2016. As imagens do outro sobre a cultura surda (4rd ed.). UFSC, Florianópolis, SC.
Jessica J. Tran, Tressa W. Johnson, Joy Kim, Rafael Rodriguez, Sheri Yin, Eve A. Riskin, Richard E. Ladner, and Jacob O. Wobbrock. 2010. A Web-Based User Survey for Evaluating Power Saving Strategies for Deaf Users of MobileASL. In Proceedings of the 12th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Orlando, Florida, USA) (ASSETS ’10). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 115–122. DOI: 10.1145/1878803.1878825
Tirp TV. 2018. O silêncio e a fúria - poetas do corpo. Edinho Santos’ performance. Retrieved May 28, 2023 from [link]
Maria Cecília Calini Baranauskas. 2009. Socially aware computing. In VI International Conference on Engineering and Computer Education (ICECE 2009), Vol. 3. 1–5.
M. Cecília C. Baranauskas. 2014. Social Awareness in HCI. Interactions 21, 4 (jul 2014), 66–69. DOI: 10.1145/2621933
Maria Cecília Calani Baranauskas and Elaine C. S. Hayashi. 2021. Design da interação e ambientes de aprendizagem baseados em tecnologia. In Informática na Educação: ambientes de aprendizagem, objetos de aprendizagem e empreendedorismo. Série Informática na Educação CEIE-SBC, v.5. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação.
Maria C. C. Baranauskas, Maria C. Martins, and José A. Valente. 2013. Codesign de Redes Digitais: Tecnologia e Educação a Serviço da Inclusão Social. Penso, Porto Alegre, RS.
Rachel Boll, Shruti Mahajan, Jeanne Reis, and Erin T. Solovey. 2020. Creating Questionnaires That Align with ASL Linguistic Principles and Cultural Practices within the Deaf Community. In Proceedings of the 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Virtual Event, Greece) (ASSETS ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 61, 4 pages. DOI: 10.1145/3373625.3418071
Danielle Bragg, Oscar Koller, Mary Bellard, Larwan Berke, Patrick Boudreault, Annelies Braffort, Naomi Caselli, Matt Huenerfauth, Hernisa Kacorri, Tessa Verhoef, Christian Vogler, and Meredith Ringel Morris. 2019. Sign Language Recognition, Generation, and Translation: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. In Proceedings of the 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Pittsburgh, PA, USA) (ASSETS ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 16–31. DOI: 10.1145/3308561.3353774
Albert M. Cook and Jan Miller Polgar. 2008. Cook & Hussey’s assistive technologies: Principles and practice (3rd ed.). Mosby Elsevier, St. Louis.
José Valderlei da Silva, Roberto Pereira, Samuel Bastos Buchdid, Emanuel Felipe Duarte, and Maria Cecília Calani Baranauskas. 2016. SAwD - Socially Aware Design: An Organizational Semiotics-Based CASE Tool to Support Early Design Activities. In Socially Aware Organisations and Technologies. Impact and Challenges, Maria Cecilia Calani Baranauskas, Kecheng Liu, Lily Sun, Vânia Paula de Almeida Neris, Rodrigo Bonacin, and Keiichi Nakata (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 59–69.
Flabiéli Pricila Ferreira de Miranda and Soraia Silva Prietch. 2016. Emotion-Libras: Instrument for Use in Human-Computer Interaction Researches Considering People Who Are Deaf as Potential Users of Technology. In Proceedings of the 15th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (São Paulo, Brazil) (IHC ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 44, 4 pages. DOI: 10.1145/3033701.3033746
Athanasia-Lida Dimou, Vassilis Papavassiliou, Theodoros Goulas, Kyriaki Vasilaki, Anna Vacalopoulou, Stavroula-Evita Fotinea, and Eleni Efthimiou. 2022. What about synthetic signing? A methodology for signer involvement in the development of avatar technology with generative capacity. Frontiers in Communication 7 (2022). DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2022.798644
Edward T. Hall. 1959. The Silent Language. Anchor Books, New York.
Edward T. Hall. 1990. The Hidden Dimension. Anchor Books, New York.
Gary T. Henry. 1990. Applied social research methods series (vol. 21 ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc., Hershey, PA, USA, Chapter Practical sampling. DOI: 10.4135/9781412985451
Matt Huenerfauth, Kasmira Patel, and Larwan Berke. 2017. Design and Psychometric Evaluation of an American Sign Language Translation of the System Usability Scale. In Proceedings of the 19th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Baltimore, Maryland, USA) (ASSETS ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 175–184. DOI: 10.1145/3132525.3132540
Michael Kipp, Quan Nguyen, Alexis Heloir, and Silke Matthes. 2011. Assessing the Deaf User Perspective on Sign Language Avatars. In The Proceedings of the 13th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Dundee, Scotland, UK) (ASSETS ’11). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 107–114. DOI: 10.1145/2049536.2049557
Martin Kolkman. 1993. Problem Articulation Methodology. Ph. D. Dissertation. University of Twente, Enschede, NL.
Kecheng Liu. 2000. Semiotics in Information Systems Engineering. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Manuel Martínez Gutiérrez and José Rafael Rojano-Cáceres. 2020. Interpretation of the SUS questionnaire in Mexican sign language to evaluate usability an approach. In 2020 3rd International Conference of Inclusive Technology and Education (CONTIE). 180–183. DOI: 10.1109/CONTIE51334.2020.00040
Carol A. Padden and Tom L. Humphries. 1988. Deaf in America: Voices from a Culture. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. DOI: 10.1097/00003446-198904000-00022
Polianna Paim, Soraia Silva Prietch, and J Alfredo Sánchez. 2022. Adapting Codesign Techniques for the Construction of a Learning Environment of a Written Second Language for the D/deaf. Interacting with Computers 35, 2 (10 2022), 315–329. DOI: 10.1093/iwc/iwac023 arXiv: [link]
Roberto Pereira, Samuel B. Buchdid, Leonardo Cunha de Miranda, and Maria Cecília Calini Baranauskas. 2013. Paying attention to values and culture: an artifact to support the evaluation of interactive systems. In International Journal for Infonomics (IJI), Vol. 1(1). 792–801.
Soraia Prietch, Flabiéli Miranda, Polianna Paim, Vanuza Leite, and Camila Soncini Nogueira. 2021. A Sign Language Self-Report Instrument for Research on Emotional User Experience. In X Latin American Conference on Human Computer Interaction (Valparaiso, Chile) (CLIHC 2021). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 7, 3 pages. DOI: 10.1145/3488392.3488399
Soraia S. Prietch, J. Alfredo Sánchez, and Josefina Guerrero. 2022. Deriving socio-technical good practices for automatic sign language processing systems from socially aware codesign. In VIII Jornadas Iberoamericanas de Interacción Humano-Computadora (Havana, Cuba).
Timothy Reagan. 2020. Social Justice, Audism, and the d/Deaf: Rethinking Linguistic and Cultural Differences. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 1479–1510. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-14625-2_108
Douglas Schuler and Aki Namioka. 1993. Participatory Design: Principles and Practices. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, MI.
José Valderlei da Silva and M. Cecília C. Baranauskas. 2020. Interaction Spaces and Socioenactive Dimensions: Exploring Perturbations of IoHT. In Proceedings of the 19th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Diamantina, Brazil) (IHC ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 23, 10 pages. DOI: 10.1145/3424953.3426495
Ronald Stamper. 1973. Information in Business and Administrative Systems. Wiley Inc, New York, NY.
Karin Strobel. 2016. As imagens do outro sobre a cultura surda (4rd ed.). UFSC, Florianópolis, SC.
Jessica J. Tran, Tressa W. Johnson, Joy Kim, Rafael Rodriguez, Sheri Yin, Eve A. Riskin, Richard E. Ladner, and Jacob O. Wobbrock. 2010. A Web-Based User Survey for Evaluating Power Saving Strategies for Deaf Users of MobileASL. In Proceedings of the 12th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Orlando, Florida, USA) (ASSETS ’10). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 115–122. DOI: 10.1145/1878803.1878825
Tirp TV. 2018. O silêncio e a fúria - poetas do corpo. Edinho Santos’ performance. Retrieved May 28, 2023 from [link]
Publicado
16/10/2023
Como Citar
PRIETCH, Soraia S.; SÁNCHEZ, J. Alfredo; FERREIRA, Priscilla Lopes; FABRIS, José Augusto; LEITE, Vanuza Martins; ALVES, Daniel Domingos.
Towards the adaptation of SAwD for Deaf Users: Pilot S essions with the Stakeholders Identification Diagram. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO SOBRE FATORES HUMANOS EM SISTEMAS COMPUTACIONAIS (IHC), 22. , 2023, Maceió/AL.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2023
.
