Nudge Evidence Briefing: A Proposal for Transferring Scientific Knowledge about Nudges
Resumo
A nudge is a concept from Behavioral Economics and Psychology that refers to any small change or intervention designed to influence people's behavior predictably, without restricting their options or significantly altering their incentives. The research follows the Design Science Research methodology, introducing Nudge Evidence Briefing (NEB) to facilitate the understanding, access, application of academic findings on nudges for non-academic professionals, considering the gap between academic research on nudges and their practical application. Leveraging insights from the Evidence-Based Medicine framework, NEBs distill key findings from primary research into concise, accessible documents. Through a systematic review of the literature on nudge integration into software privacy and security, 12 primary studies were selected and the data extracted from them was formatted into NEBs. Participants, specialists and non-specialists, were invited to evaluate the NEB through online questionnaires. Feedback highlighted the clarity and structured format of the NEB, with particular praise for its ability to communicate complex scientific evidence in an accessible way. Overall, the NEB demonstrates significant promise in making nudge-related research more accessible and feasible. Ongoing refinements based on participant feedback will be crucial to realizing its full potential, contributing to the advancement of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and the practical application of nudges in professional environments. Future work will focus on evaluating the practical applicability of the NEB with non-academic professionals, exploring more reliable alternatives for generating NEBs through LLM, and developing a comprehensive repository of NEBs.
Palavras-chave:
Evidence Briefing, Knowledge Transfer, Nudge, Privacy, Security
Referências
Cunha, J. A. O. G., Aguiar, Y. P. C., Bezerra Jr, J. P., e da Silva, M. N. P. (2020). Como influenciar decisões em ambientes digitais através de nudges? Um mapeamento sistemático da literatura. V Workshop sobre Aspectos Sociais, Humanos e Econômicos de Software.
Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth and Happiness Yale University Press: New Haven & London.
Johnson, E. J., Shu, S. B., Dellaert, B. G., Fox, C., Goldstein, D. G., Häubl, G., Larrick, R. P., Payne, J. W., Peters, E., Schkade, D., et al. (2012). Beyond nudges: Tools of a choice architecture. Marketing Letters, 23(2):487–504.
Weinmann, M., Schneider, C., e vom Brocke, J. (2016). Digital nudging. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 58(6), 433-436.
Yeung, Karen. Hypernudge: Big Data as a Mode of Regulation by Design. Information, Communication & Society. 2016.
Otani, A. (2015). A behavioral approach to product design: Four steps to designing products with impact.
Coventry, L., Briggs, P., Jeske, D., van Moorsel, A. (2014). SCENE: A Structured Means for Creating and Evaluating Behavioral Nudges in a Cyber Security Environment. In: Marcus, A. (eds) Design, User Experience, and Usability. Theories, Methods, and Tools for Designing the User Experience. DUXU 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8517. Springer, Cham. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-07668-3_23
Nascimento, J. R.. (2024) Exploração de técnicas de engenharia de prompt para aprimorar os resultados do uso de LLM no TCM Rio. 64 f.: il. Monografia (especialização) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Instituto Metrópole Digital, Residência em Tecnologia da Informação, Natal, RN
B. A. Kitchenham, T. Dyba, and M. Jorgensen. Evidence-based software engineering. ICSE, 2004.
Cartaxo, B., Pinto, G., Vieira, E., & Soares, S. (2016). Evidence Briefings. Proceedings of the 10th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement ESEM ’16. DOI: 10.1145/2961111.2962603
P. Diebold et al. An exploratory study on technology transfer in software engineering. In ESEM, 2015.
Cartaxo, B. F. D. S. (2018). A model to transfer knowledge from research to software engineering practice based on rapid reviews and evidence briefings.
Graham, I. D.; Logan, J.; Harrison, M. B.; Straus, S. E.; Tetroe, J.; Caswell, W.; Robinson, N. (2006) Lost In Knowledge Translation: Time For A Map? Journal Of Continuing Education In The Health Professions, Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company.
D. Budgen, B. Kitchenham, and P. Brereton. 2013. The Case for Knowledge Translation. In ACM / IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement. IEEE, 263–266.
B. Kitchenham, D. Budgen, and P. Brereton. 2015. Evidence-Based Software Engineering and Systematic Reviews. Chapman & Hall/CRC
F. Grigoleit et al. In quest for proper mediums for technology transfer in software engineering. In 2015 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM), 2015.
J. Kabbedijk et al. (2009). Customer involvement in requirements management: Lessons from mass market software development. In RE Conference.
Cartaxo, B. (2016, June). Integrating evidence from systematic reviews with software engineering practice through evidence briefings. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering (pp. 1-4).
I. D. Graham, J. Logan, M. B. Harrison, S. E. Straus, J. Tetroe, W. Caswell, and N. Robinson. 2006. Lost in knowledge translation: time for a map? Journal of continuing education in the health professions 26, 1 (2006), 13–24.
L. J. Osterweil, C. Ghezzi, J. Kramer, and A. L. Wolf. 2008. Determining the Impact of Software Engineering Research on Practice. Computer 41, 3 (March 2008), 39–49.
E. Hassler, J. C. Carver, N. A. Kraft, and D. Hale. Outcomes of a community workshop to identify and rank barriers to the systematic literature review process. EASE, 2014.
da Silva, F.Q., Santos, A.L., Soares, S.C., França, A.C., Monteiro, C.V., & Maciel, F.F. (2011). Six years of systematic literature reviews in software engineering: An updated tertiary study. Inf. Softw. Technol., 53, 899-913.
R. E. S. Santos, C. V. C. de Magalhaes, and F. Q. B. da Silva. The use of systematic reviews in evidence based software engineering: A systematic mapping study. ESEM, 2014.
Almeida, K. S. R. D. (2017). Uma avaliação do crescente uso de revisões sistemáticas da literatura em engenharia de software (Master 's thesis, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco).
Fabiano, G., Marcellusi, A., & Favato, G. (2020). Channels and processes of knowledge transfer: How does knowledge move between university and industry? Science and Public Policy. DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scaa002
Kitchenham, B. (2004). Procedures for performing systematic reviews. Keele, UK, Keele University, 33(2004), 1-26.
Alessandro Acquisti, Idris Adjerid, Rebecca Balebako, Laura Brandimarte, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Saranga Komanduri, Pedro Giovanni Leon, Norman Sadeh, Florian Schaub, Manya Sleeper, Yang Wang, and Shomir Wilson. 2017. Nudges for Privacy and Security: Understanding and Assisting Users’ Choices Online. ACM Comput. Surv. 50, 3, Article 44 (May 2018), 41 pages. DOI: 10.1145/3054926
Pamela J. Wisniewski, Heng Xu, Jack M. Carroll, and Mary Beth Rosson. 2013. Grand Challenges of Researching Adolescent Online Safety: A Family Systems Approach. In AMCIS.
Masaki, H., Shibata, K., Hoshino, S., Ishihama, T., Saito, N., and Ya-tani, K. (2020). Exploring nudge designs to help adolescent sns users avoid privacy and safety threats. InProceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors inComputing Systems, pages 1–11.
Zimmermann and Renaud. 2021. The Nudge Puzzle: Matching Nudge Interventions to Cybersecurity Decisions. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact.
Petrykina, Y., Schwartz-Chassidim, H., Toch, E. (2021). Mitigating inadvertent insider threats with incentives. International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security.
Peffers, K., Tuunanen, T., Rothenberger, M. A., & Chatterjee, S. (2007). A Design Science Research Methodology for Information Systems Research. Journal of Management Information Systems, 24(3), 45–77. DOI: 10.2753/MIS0742-1222240302
G. Ambrose and P. Harris. Basics Design 08: Design Thinking. Basics Design. AVA Publishing, 2009.
Thaler, R. H. (2018). Nudge, not sludge. Science, 361(6401), 431-431.
Clavien, C. (2018). Ethics of nudges: A general framework with a focus on shared preference justifications§ . Journal of Moral Education, 47(3), 366–382. DOI: 10.1080/03057240.2017.1408577
Schmidt, A. T., & Engelen, B. (2020). The ethics of nudging: An overview. Philosophy Compass. DOI: 10.1111/phc3.12658
Wieringa, R. J. (2014). Design science methodology for information systems and software engineering. Springer.
Ávila, F., & Bianchi, A. M. (2015). Guia de economia comportamental e experimental. [link].
Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth and Happiness Yale University Press: New Haven & London.
Johnson, E. J., Shu, S. B., Dellaert, B. G., Fox, C., Goldstein, D. G., Häubl, G., Larrick, R. P., Payne, J. W., Peters, E., Schkade, D., et al. (2012). Beyond nudges: Tools of a choice architecture. Marketing Letters, 23(2):487–504.
Weinmann, M., Schneider, C., e vom Brocke, J. (2016). Digital nudging. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 58(6), 433-436.
Yeung, Karen. Hypernudge: Big Data as a Mode of Regulation by Design. Information, Communication & Society. 2016.
Otani, A. (2015). A behavioral approach to product design: Four steps to designing products with impact.
Coventry, L., Briggs, P., Jeske, D., van Moorsel, A. (2014). SCENE: A Structured Means for Creating and Evaluating Behavioral Nudges in a Cyber Security Environment. In: Marcus, A. (eds) Design, User Experience, and Usability. Theories, Methods, and Tools for Designing the User Experience. DUXU 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8517. Springer, Cham. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-07668-3_23
Nascimento, J. R.. (2024) Exploração de técnicas de engenharia de prompt para aprimorar os resultados do uso de LLM no TCM Rio. 64 f.: il. Monografia (especialização) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Instituto Metrópole Digital, Residência em Tecnologia da Informação, Natal, RN
B. A. Kitchenham, T. Dyba, and M. Jorgensen. Evidence-based software engineering. ICSE, 2004.
Cartaxo, B., Pinto, G., Vieira, E., & Soares, S. (2016). Evidence Briefings. Proceedings of the 10th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement ESEM ’16. DOI: 10.1145/2961111.2962603
P. Diebold et al. An exploratory study on technology transfer in software engineering. In ESEM, 2015.
Cartaxo, B. F. D. S. (2018). A model to transfer knowledge from research to software engineering practice based on rapid reviews and evidence briefings.
Graham, I. D.; Logan, J.; Harrison, M. B.; Straus, S. E.; Tetroe, J.; Caswell, W.; Robinson, N. (2006) Lost In Knowledge Translation: Time For A Map? Journal Of Continuing Education In The Health Professions, Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company.
D. Budgen, B. Kitchenham, and P. Brereton. 2013. The Case for Knowledge Translation. In ACM / IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement. IEEE, 263–266.
B. Kitchenham, D. Budgen, and P. Brereton. 2015. Evidence-Based Software Engineering and Systematic Reviews. Chapman & Hall/CRC
F. Grigoleit et al. In quest for proper mediums for technology transfer in software engineering. In 2015 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM), 2015.
J. Kabbedijk et al. (2009). Customer involvement in requirements management: Lessons from mass market software development. In RE Conference.
Cartaxo, B. (2016, June). Integrating evidence from systematic reviews with software engineering practice through evidence briefings. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering (pp. 1-4).
I. D. Graham, J. Logan, M. B. Harrison, S. E. Straus, J. Tetroe, W. Caswell, and N. Robinson. 2006. Lost in knowledge translation: time for a map? Journal of continuing education in the health professions 26, 1 (2006), 13–24.
L. J. Osterweil, C. Ghezzi, J. Kramer, and A. L. Wolf. 2008. Determining the Impact of Software Engineering Research on Practice. Computer 41, 3 (March 2008), 39–49.
E. Hassler, J. C. Carver, N. A. Kraft, and D. Hale. Outcomes of a community workshop to identify and rank barriers to the systematic literature review process. EASE, 2014.
da Silva, F.Q., Santos, A.L., Soares, S.C., França, A.C., Monteiro, C.V., & Maciel, F.F. (2011). Six years of systematic literature reviews in software engineering: An updated tertiary study. Inf. Softw. Technol., 53, 899-913.
R. E. S. Santos, C. V. C. de Magalhaes, and F. Q. B. da Silva. The use of systematic reviews in evidence based software engineering: A systematic mapping study. ESEM, 2014.
Almeida, K. S. R. D. (2017). Uma avaliação do crescente uso de revisões sistemáticas da literatura em engenharia de software (Master 's thesis, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco).
Fabiano, G., Marcellusi, A., & Favato, G. (2020). Channels and processes of knowledge transfer: How does knowledge move between university and industry? Science and Public Policy. DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scaa002
Kitchenham, B. (2004). Procedures for performing systematic reviews. Keele, UK, Keele University, 33(2004), 1-26.
Alessandro Acquisti, Idris Adjerid, Rebecca Balebako, Laura Brandimarte, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Saranga Komanduri, Pedro Giovanni Leon, Norman Sadeh, Florian Schaub, Manya Sleeper, Yang Wang, and Shomir Wilson. 2017. Nudges for Privacy and Security: Understanding and Assisting Users’ Choices Online. ACM Comput. Surv. 50, 3, Article 44 (May 2018), 41 pages. DOI: 10.1145/3054926
Pamela J. Wisniewski, Heng Xu, Jack M. Carroll, and Mary Beth Rosson. 2013. Grand Challenges of Researching Adolescent Online Safety: A Family Systems Approach. In AMCIS.
Masaki, H., Shibata, K., Hoshino, S., Ishihama, T., Saito, N., and Ya-tani, K. (2020). Exploring nudge designs to help adolescent sns users avoid privacy and safety threats. InProceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors inComputing Systems, pages 1–11.
Zimmermann and Renaud. 2021. The Nudge Puzzle: Matching Nudge Interventions to Cybersecurity Decisions. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact.
Petrykina, Y., Schwartz-Chassidim, H., Toch, E. (2021). Mitigating inadvertent insider threats with incentives. International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security.
Peffers, K., Tuunanen, T., Rothenberger, M. A., & Chatterjee, S. (2007). A Design Science Research Methodology for Information Systems Research. Journal of Management Information Systems, 24(3), 45–77. DOI: 10.2753/MIS0742-1222240302
G. Ambrose and P. Harris. Basics Design 08: Design Thinking. Basics Design. AVA Publishing, 2009.
Thaler, R. H. (2018). Nudge, not sludge. Science, 361(6401), 431-431.
Clavien, C. (2018). Ethics of nudges: A general framework with a focus on shared preference justifications§ . Journal of Moral Education, 47(3), 366–382. DOI: 10.1080/03057240.2017.1408577
Schmidt, A. T., & Engelen, B. (2020). The ethics of nudging: An overview. Philosophy Compass. DOI: 10.1111/phc3.12658
Wieringa, R. J. (2014). Design science methodology for information systems and software engineering. Springer.
Ávila, F., & Bianchi, A. M. (2015). Guia de economia comportamental e experimental. [link].
Publicado
07/11/2024
Como Citar
GOMES, Vinicius; CUNHA, José Adson; LIMA, Kássio; MOURA, Hermano Perrelli.
Nudge Evidence Briefing: A Proposal for Transferring Scientific Knowledge about Nudges. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO SOBRE FATORES HUMANOS EM SISTEMAS COMPUTACIONAIS (IHC), 23. , 2024, Brasília/DF.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2024
.
p. 362-382.
