Deceptive Patterns under a Sociotechnical View
Resumo
Deceptive and manipulative design patterns are strategies to mislead users or serve the particular interests of third parties other than the user. These patterns are widespread across software, web, and applications, with a notable example being the deliberate placement of commitment terms in obscure, hard-to-read text boxes, concealing clauses related to data sharing. Despite their adoption, these practices persistently degrade user experience and often compromise user privacy and well-being, raising ethical concerns. A systematic literature review conducted in this research reveals a scarcity of comprehensive examinations of deceptive patterns, with most studies focusing on specific aspects in isolation. Addressing this gap, this research characterizes deceptive patterns as a sociotechnical phenomenon that encompasses both human and technical dimensions, dissects a deceptive pattern utilizing the Semiotic Framework, and offers a catalog compiling deceptive patterns and providing accessible resources for users to recognize, understand, and protect themselves against these deceptive practices. Bringing both technical and conceptual contributions, results from evaluating the catalog with HCI specialists suggest its potential to promote awareness of deceptive patterns, and results from adopting a sociotechnical lens to analyze a dark pattern reveal its potential to inform deeper analysis and understanding.
Palavras-chave:
Deceptive patterns, sociotechnical, Semiotic Framework
Referências
Alessandro Acquisti and et al. 2017. Nudges for Privacy and Security: Understanding and Assisting Users’ Choices Online. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 50, 3 (2017), 1–41.
Christopher Alexander. 1979. The Timeless Way of Building. Oxford University Press.
Maria Cecília Calani Baranauskas, Roberto Pereira, and Rodrigo Bonacin. 2024. Socially Aware Systems Design: a perspective towards technology-society coupling. AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction 16, 1 (2024), 80–109.
Luiz Adolpho Baroni, Alisson Andrey Puska, Luciana Cardoso de Castro Salgado, and Roberto Pereira. 2021. Dark Patterns: Towards a Socio-technical Approach. In Proceedings of the XX Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–7.
Victor R. Basili and H. Dieter Rombach. 1988. The TAME Project: Towards Improvement-Oriented Software Environments. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 14, 6 (1988), 758–773.
Kent Beck and Ward Cunningham. 1987. Using Pattern Languages for Object Oriented Programs. In OOP-SLA-87 Workshop on Specification and Design for Object-Oriented Programming.
Kerstin Bongard-Blanchy and et al. 2021. "I am Definitely Manipulated, Even When I am Aware of it. It’s Ridiculous!"-Dark Patterns from the End-User Perspective. In Designing Interactive Systems Conference. 763–776.
Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2012. Thematic analysis. American Psychological Association.
H Brignull, M Leiser, C Santos, and K Doshi. 2023. Deceptive patterns – user interfaces designed to trick you. [link]
Luiz Paulo Carvalho, José Antonio Suzano, Roberto Pereira, Flávia Maria Santoro, and Jonice Oliveira. 2021. Ethics: What is the Research Scenario in the Brazilian Symposium IHC?. In Proceedings of the XX Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–12.
Shruthi Sai Chivukula and et al. 2019. "Nothing Comes Before Profit" Asshole Design In the Wild. In Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–6.
Gregory Conti and Edward Sobiesk. 2010. Malicious Interface Design: Exploiting the User. In Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on World Wide Web. 271–280.
Fred D. Davis. 1985. A Technology Acceptance Model for Empirically Testing New End-User Information Systems: Theory and Results. Ph. D. Dissertation. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Fred D. Davis. 1989. Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly (1989), 319–340.
Linda Di Geronimo and et al. 2020. UI Dark Patterns and Where to Find Them: A Study on Mobile Applications and User Perception. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–14.
Bernardo Ferrari, Deógenes P da Silva Junior, Carolina Moreira Oliveira, Júlia SB Ortiz, and Roberto Pereira. 2020. Socially Aware Design of Games: an early workshop for game designers. Journal on Interactive Systems 11, 1 (2020), 92–109.
Brian J. Fogg. 1998. Captology: the study of computers as persuasive technologies. In CHI 98 Conference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 385.
Colin M. Gray and et al. 2018. The Dark (Patterns) Side of UX Design. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–14.
Colin M. Gray and et al. 2021. Dark patterns and the legal requirements of consent banners: An interaction criticism perspective. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–18.
Colin M. Gray and et al. 2021. End User Accounts of Dark Patterns as Felt Manipulation. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW2 (2021), 1–25.
Heiko Hornung, Roberto Pereira, M Cecilia C Baranauskas, and Kecheng Liu. 2015. Challenges for human-data interaction–a semiotic perspective. In HumanComputer Interaction: Design and Evaluation: 17th International Conference, HCI International 2015, Los Angeles, CA, USA, August 2-7, 2015, Proceedings, Part I 17. Springer, 37–48.
Barbara Kitchenham and Stuart Charters. 2007. Guidelines for Performing Systematic Literature Reviews in Software Engineering. Technical Report.
Cherie Lacey and Catherine Caudwell. 2019. Cuteness as a ’Dark Pattern’ in Home Robots. In 2019 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). 374–381.
Franklin M da C Lima, Gabriel AM Vasiljevic, Leonardo Cunha De Miranda, and M Cecília C Baranauskas. 2021. An analysis of IHC and HCII publication titles: revealing and comparing the topics of interest of their communities. Journal on Interactive Systems 12, 1 (2021), 1–20.
Maximilian Maier and Rikard Harr. 2020. Dark Design Patterns: An End-User Perspective. Human Technology 16, 2 (2020).
Arunesh Mathur and et al. 2019. Dark Patterns at Scale: Findings from a Crawl of 11K Shopping Websites. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 3, CSCW (2019), 1–32.
Arunesh Mathur, Mihir Kshirsagar, and Jonathan Mayer. 2021. What Makes a Dark Pattern... Dark? Design Attributes, Normative Considerations, and Measurement Methods. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–18.
Antti Oulasvirta and Kasper Hornbæk. 2016. HCI research as problem-solving. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 4956–4967.
Talita Cristina Pagani Britto Pichiliani and Ednaldo Brigante Pizzolato. 2021. Cognitive disabilities and web accessibility: a survey into the Brazilian web development community. Journal on Interactive Systems 12, 1 (2021), 308–327.
Alisson Puska, Luiz Adolpho Baroni, Maíra Codo Canal, Lara SG Piccolo, and Roberto Pereira. 2020. WhatsApp and false information: a value-oriented evaluation. In Proceedings of the 19th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–10.
Ronald Stamper. 1973. Information in business and administrative systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ronald Stamper. 1993. A Semiotic Theory of Information and Information Systems. In Invited Papers for the ICL/University of Newcastle Seminar on Information.
Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman. 1981. The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice. Science 211, 4481 (1981), 453–458.
Christine Utz and et al. 2019. (Un)informed Consent: Studying GDPR Consent Notices in the Field. In Proceedings of the 2019 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. 973–990.
Fiona Westin and Sonia Chiasson. 2021. “It’s So Difficult to Sever that Connection”: The Role of FoMO in Users’ Reluctant Privacy Behaviours. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–15.
Christopher Alexander. 1979. The Timeless Way of Building. Oxford University Press.
Maria Cecília Calani Baranauskas, Roberto Pereira, and Rodrigo Bonacin. 2024. Socially Aware Systems Design: a perspective towards technology-society coupling. AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction 16, 1 (2024), 80–109.
Luiz Adolpho Baroni, Alisson Andrey Puska, Luciana Cardoso de Castro Salgado, and Roberto Pereira. 2021. Dark Patterns: Towards a Socio-technical Approach. In Proceedings of the XX Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–7.
Victor R. Basili and H. Dieter Rombach. 1988. The TAME Project: Towards Improvement-Oriented Software Environments. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 14, 6 (1988), 758–773.
Kent Beck and Ward Cunningham. 1987. Using Pattern Languages for Object Oriented Programs. In OOP-SLA-87 Workshop on Specification and Design for Object-Oriented Programming.
Kerstin Bongard-Blanchy and et al. 2021. "I am Definitely Manipulated, Even When I am Aware of it. It’s Ridiculous!"-Dark Patterns from the End-User Perspective. In Designing Interactive Systems Conference. 763–776.
Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2012. Thematic analysis. American Psychological Association.
H Brignull, M Leiser, C Santos, and K Doshi. 2023. Deceptive patterns – user interfaces designed to trick you. [link]
Luiz Paulo Carvalho, José Antonio Suzano, Roberto Pereira, Flávia Maria Santoro, and Jonice Oliveira. 2021. Ethics: What is the Research Scenario in the Brazilian Symposium IHC?. In Proceedings of the XX Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–12.
Shruthi Sai Chivukula and et al. 2019. "Nothing Comes Before Profit" Asshole Design In the Wild. In Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–6.
Gregory Conti and Edward Sobiesk. 2010. Malicious Interface Design: Exploiting the User. In Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on World Wide Web. 271–280.
Fred D. Davis. 1985. A Technology Acceptance Model for Empirically Testing New End-User Information Systems: Theory and Results. Ph. D. Dissertation. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Fred D. Davis. 1989. Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly (1989), 319–340.
Linda Di Geronimo and et al. 2020. UI Dark Patterns and Where to Find Them: A Study on Mobile Applications and User Perception. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–14.
Bernardo Ferrari, Deógenes P da Silva Junior, Carolina Moreira Oliveira, Júlia SB Ortiz, and Roberto Pereira. 2020. Socially Aware Design of Games: an early workshop for game designers. Journal on Interactive Systems 11, 1 (2020), 92–109.
Brian J. Fogg. 1998. Captology: the study of computers as persuasive technologies. In CHI 98 Conference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 385.
Colin M. Gray and et al. 2018. The Dark (Patterns) Side of UX Design. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–14.
Colin M. Gray and et al. 2021. Dark patterns and the legal requirements of consent banners: An interaction criticism perspective. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–18.
Colin M. Gray and et al. 2021. End User Accounts of Dark Patterns as Felt Manipulation. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW2 (2021), 1–25.
Heiko Hornung, Roberto Pereira, M Cecilia C Baranauskas, and Kecheng Liu. 2015. Challenges for human-data interaction–a semiotic perspective. In HumanComputer Interaction: Design and Evaluation: 17th International Conference, HCI International 2015, Los Angeles, CA, USA, August 2-7, 2015, Proceedings, Part I 17. Springer, 37–48.
Barbara Kitchenham and Stuart Charters. 2007. Guidelines for Performing Systematic Literature Reviews in Software Engineering. Technical Report.
Cherie Lacey and Catherine Caudwell. 2019. Cuteness as a ’Dark Pattern’ in Home Robots. In 2019 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). 374–381.
Franklin M da C Lima, Gabriel AM Vasiljevic, Leonardo Cunha De Miranda, and M Cecília C Baranauskas. 2021. An analysis of IHC and HCII publication titles: revealing and comparing the topics of interest of their communities. Journal on Interactive Systems 12, 1 (2021), 1–20.
Maximilian Maier and Rikard Harr. 2020. Dark Design Patterns: An End-User Perspective. Human Technology 16, 2 (2020).
Arunesh Mathur and et al. 2019. Dark Patterns at Scale: Findings from a Crawl of 11K Shopping Websites. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 3, CSCW (2019), 1–32.
Arunesh Mathur, Mihir Kshirsagar, and Jonathan Mayer. 2021. What Makes a Dark Pattern... Dark? Design Attributes, Normative Considerations, and Measurement Methods. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–18.
Antti Oulasvirta and Kasper Hornbæk. 2016. HCI research as problem-solving. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 4956–4967.
Talita Cristina Pagani Britto Pichiliani and Ednaldo Brigante Pizzolato. 2021. Cognitive disabilities and web accessibility: a survey into the Brazilian web development community. Journal on Interactive Systems 12, 1 (2021), 308–327.
Alisson Puska, Luiz Adolpho Baroni, Maíra Codo Canal, Lara SG Piccolo, and Roberto Pereira. 2020. WhatsApp and false information: a value-oriented evaluation. In Proceedings of the 19th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–10.
Ronald Stamper. 1973. Information in business and administrative systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ronald Stamper. 1993. A Semiotic Theory of Information and Information Systems. In Invited Papers for the ICL/University of Newcastle Seminar on Information.
Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman. 1981. The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice. Science 211, 4481 (1981), 453–458.
Christine Utz and et al. 2019. (Un)informed Consent: Studying GDPR Consent Notices in the Field. In Proceedings of the 2019 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. 973–990.
Fiona Westin and Sonia Chiasson. 2021. “It’s So Difficult to Sever that Connection”: The Role of FoMO in Users’ Reluctant Privacy Behaviours. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–15.
Publicado
07/11/2024
Como Citar
BARONI, Luiz Adolpho; PEREIRA, Roberto.
Deceptive Patterns under a Sociotechnical View. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO SOBRE FATORES HUMANOS EM SISTEMAS COMPUTACIONAIS (IHC), 23. , 2024, Brasília/DF.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2024
.
p. 459-471.
