A study and pragmatic proposal on the communication of human involvement in Brazilian computing research
Abstract
Research involving people requires ethical or moral scrutiny, such as specific resolutions. Compared to a few decades ago, significantly more research in computing involves people aligned with a moral outlook and oriented toward more significant appreciation for this topic. Based on research with both a secondary and pragmatic approach, we present a transformative intention to advance the ethical and moral scenario related to the involvement of people in computing research and, additionally, improve scientific communications accordingly. Secondary research indicates that the scenario is chaotic and deficient, with several erroneous or problematic occurrences in research practice and communication. In the first consolidated effort, we bring a communication artifact, a textual framework, for better quality when reporting data on people's involvement in research. In conclusion, despite the adverse scenario perceived in this study, which we conjecture results from ignorance and poor education on the subject, we forward a proposal to help, in practice, a moral advance to Brazilian science and computing, emphasizing the context of Human-Computer Interaction.
Keywords:
Ethics, Computing Ethics, Research Ethics, Meta-science
References
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Polyana Costa, João Dallyson Almeida, Jorge Antônio Teixeira, Geraldo Júnior, and Anselmo de Paiva. 2019. Identificando a Paralisia do Sexto Nervo Ótico em Vı́deos Através de Redes Neurais Convolucionais e Curvatura Isophotes. In Anais do XIX Simpósio Brasileiro de Computação Aplicada à Saúde (Niterói). SBC, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, 246–257.
John W. Creswell and J. David Creswell. 2018. Research Design. Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (5 ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Thiago R. da Cunha, Léo P. Júnior, and Jussara Maria L. de Meirelles. 2018. Ética na pesquisa científica. PUCPRess.
Marcelo Dascal. 2002. Language as a cognitive technology. International Journal of Cognition and Technology 1 (12 2002), 35–61.
Antonio Bosco de Lima. 2015. Ética em pesquisa: implicações para a educação superior. Crítica Educativa 1, 1 (out. 2015), p.8–20.
José Cezar de Souza Filho, Andréia Libório Sampaio, and Eduardo Luzeiro Feitosa. 2022. Hidden things and implicit interaction: looking back on how invisibility evolved as a quality-in-use attribute. In Proceedings of the 21st Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Diamantina, Brazil) (IHC ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 19, 11 pages.
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Christopher Frauenberger, Amy S. Bruckman, Cosmin Munteanu, Melissa Densmore, and Jenny Waycott. 2017. Research Ethics in HCI: A Town Hall Meeting. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1295–1299.
Cleiton Garcia, Felipe Haertel, Patricia Davet, Gerson Cavalheiro, João Lopes, and Adenauer Yamin. 2018. Uma Proposta Baseada em Internet das Coisas para Prover Acessibilidade a Pessoas com Deficiência Visual∗. In Anais do XVIII Simpósio Brasileiro de Computação Aplicada à Saúde (Natal). SBC, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
Diogo Godoi, Roseli A.F. Romero, Helio Azevedo, Josué Ramos, Germano Beraldo Filho, and Márcia Ap. Thome Garcia. 2020. Proteger: A Social Robotics System to Support Child Psychological Evaluation. In 2020 LARS, 2020 SBR and 2020 WRE. 1–6.
Greg Guest, Emily E. Namey, and Marilyn L. Mitchell. 2013. Collecting qualitative data : a field manual for applied research (67 ed.). SAGE Publications.
Barbara Ann Kitchenham, David Budgen, and Pearl Brereton. 2015. EvidenceBased Software Engineering and Systematic Reviews. Chapman & Hall/CRC.
Marina de Andrade Marconi and Eva Maria Lakatos. 2017. Fundamentos de Metodologia Científica (8ª ed.). Atlas, São Paulo, SP
Jonathan Lazar, Jinjuan Heidi Feng, and Harry Hochheiser. 2017. Research Methods in Human-Computer Interaction (2nd ed.). Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
Alex John London. 2022. For the Common Good: Philosophical Foundations of Research Ethics (1st ed.). Oxford University Press.
William Lawrence Neuman. 2014. Basics of Social Research: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Pearson, New York, NY.
Mariano Pimentel. 2017. Design Science Research e Pesquisas com os Cotidianos Escolares para fazerpensar as pesquisas em Informática na Educação. XXVIII SBIE (2017).
David B. Resnik. 2018. The Ethics of Research with Human Subjects. Protecting People, Advancing Science, Promoting Trust. Springer Cham.
Richard D Riley, Paul C Lambert, and Ghada Abo-Zaid. 2010. Metaanalysis of individual participant data: rationale, conduct, and reporting. BMJ 340 (2010).
Janice Singer and Norman Vinson. 2002. Ethical issues in empirical studies of software engineering. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 28, 12 (2002), 1171–1180.
Yuri von Engelhardt, T. M. V. Janssen, and R. J. H. Scha. 1996. The Visual grammar of Information Graphics. In Proceedings Workshop on Visual Representation, Reasoning and Interaction in Design. AID’96, 1–11.
Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez. 2018. Ética (39th ed.). Civilização Brasileira.
Raul Sidnei Wazlawick. 2014. Metodologia de Pesquisa para Ciência da Computação (2ª ed.). Elsevier, São Paulo, SP.
Roel J. Wieringa. 2014. Design science methodology: For information systems and software engineering. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, London, UK.
Ilda L. Witiuk, Beatriz França, Cauê Krüger, and Mirian Cella C. Guebert. 2018. Ética em pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos. PUCPRess.
Linda Zagzebski. 2017. Exemplarist Moral Theory. Oxford University Press, Nova Iorque, NI.
Patrícia Felippe Amorim, Carolina Sacramento, Eliane Pinheiro Capra, Patricia Zamprogno Tavares, and Simone Bacellar Leal Ferreira. 2019. Submit or not my HCI research project to the ethics committee, that is the question. In Proceedings of the 18th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil) (IHC ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 47, 11 pages. DOI: 10.1145/3357155.3358473
ANPEd. 2019. Ética e pesquisa em Educação: subsídios – volume 1. Vol. 1. ANPEd, Rio de Janeiro, RJ.
ANPEd. 2021. Ética e pesquisa em Educação: subsídios – volume 2. Vol. 2. ANPEd, Rio de Janeiro, RJ.
National Research Authority. 2023. Communicating study findings to participants: guidance. [link] [Acesso 20-05-2024]
Sara Baase and Timothy M. Henry. 2017. Gift of Fire, A: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues for Computing Technology (5 ed.). Pearson, New York, NY
Earl Babbie. 2021. The Practice of Social Research. Cengage Learning, Boston, MA.
Bruno Bioni. 2019. Proteção de Dados Pessoais. A Função e os Limites do Consentimento (2nd ed.). Forense, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. (in Brazilian Portuguese).
Barry G. Blundell. 2021. Ethics in Computing, Science, and Engineering: A Student’s Guide to Doing Things Right. Springer, Heidelberg, New York.
Brasil. 1996. Ministério da Saúde. RESOLUÇÃO Nº 196, DE 10 DE OUTUBRO DE 1996. Retrieved 05/05/2024 from [link]
Brasil. 2012. Ministério da Saúde. RESOLUÇÃO Nº 466, DE 12 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2012. Retrieved 05/05/2024 from [link]
Brasil. 2016. Ministério da Saúde. RESOLUÇÃO Nº 510, DE 07 DE ABRIL DE 2016. Retrieved 05/05/2024 from [link]
T. W. Bynum. 2018. Computer and Information Ethics. In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2018 Edition). In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2018 ed.), Edward N. Zalta (Ed.). Stanford University. [link]. Disponível em: 01/09/2021
Claudia Cappelli, Vanessa Nunes, and Rodrigo Oliveira. 2021. Transparência e Transformação Digital: O Uso da Técnica da Linguagem Simples. SBC, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, 86–113. DOI: 10.5753/sbc.7872.6.3
Luiz Paulo Carvalho, Alexandre Louzada, Thais Batista, Jonice Oliveira, Michele Brandão, and Flávia Santoro. 2023. Ética: Qual o Panorama de Pesquisa no CSBC?. In Anais do L Seminário Integrado de Software e Hardware (João Pessoa/PB). SBC, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, 48–59. DOI: 10.5753/semish.2023.229675
Luiz Paulo Carvalho, Rosa Maria M. Da Costa, Flávia Maria Santoro, and Jonice Oliveira. 2023. How to carry out a Brazilian research in computing considering ethical or moral aspects?. In Proceedings of the XIX Brazilian Symposium on Information Systems (Maceió, Brazil) (SBSI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 151–158. DOI: 10.1145/3592813.3592900
Luiz Paulo Carvalho, Jonice Oliveira, Flávia Maria Santoro, and Claudia Cappelli. 2021. Social Network Analysis, Ethics and LGPD, considerations in research. iSys Brazilian Journal of Information Systems 14, 2 (Aug. 2021), 28–52. DOI: 10.5753/isys.2021.1235
Luiz Paulo Carvalho, José Antonio Suzano, Thais Batista, Flávia Maria Santoro, and Jonice Oliveira. 2024. Ethics: What is the Brazilian Software Engineering Research Scenario? Journal of Software Engineering Research and Development 12, 1 (Feb. 2024). DOI: 10.5753/jserd.2024.3395
Luiz Paulo Carvalho, José Antonio Suzano, Flávia Maria Santoro, and Jonice Oliveira. 2022. A meta-scientific broad panorama of ethical aspects in the Brazilian IHC. Journal on Interactive Systems 13, 1 (Aug. 2022), 105–126. DOI: 10.5753/jis.2022.2579
Luiz Paulo Carvalho, José Antonio Suzano, Flávia Maria Santoro, Jonice Oliveira, and Maria da Graça Pimentel. 2022. Ethics: What is the Research Scenario in the Brazilian Symposium WebMedia?. In Proceedings of the Brazilian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web (Curitiba, Brazil) (WebMedia ’22). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1–10. DOI: 10.1145/3539637.3557932
Lilian Kemmer Chimentão and Simone Reis. 2019. Para Além da Ética Burocrática em Pesquisa Qualitativa Envolvendo Seres Humanos. Alfa, Revista de Linguística 63, 3 (2019).
Polyana Costa, João Dallyson Almeida, Jorge Antônio Teixeira, Geraldo Júnior, and Anselmo de Paiva. 2019. Identificando a Paralisia do Sexto Nervo Ótico em Vı́deos Através de Redes Neurais Convolucionais e Curvatura Isophotes. In Anais do XIX Simpósio Brasileiro de Computação Aplicada à Saúde (Niterói). SBC, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, 246–257.
John W. Creswell and J. David Creswell. 2018. Research Design. Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (5 ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Thiago R. da Cunha, Léo P. Júnior, and Jussara Maria L. de Meirelles. 2018. Ética na pesquisa científica. PUCPRess.
Marcelo Dascal. 2002. Language as a cognitive technology. International Journal of Cognition and Technology 1 (12 2002), 35–61.
Antonio Bosco de Lima. 2015. Ética em pesquisa: implicações para a educação superior. Crítica Educativa 1, 1 (out. 2015), p.8–20.
José Cezar de Souza Filho, Andréia Libório Sampaio, and Eduardo Luzeiro Feitosa. 2022. Hidden things and implicit interaction: looking back on how invisibility evolved as a quality-in-use attribute. In Proceedings of the 21st Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Diamantina, Brazil) (IHC ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 19, 11 pages.
Ann Sloan Devlin. 2006. Research methods: planning, conducting, and presenting research. Thompson Wadsworth.
João Ricardo dos S. Rosa and Natasha Valentim. 2020. An Exploratory Study about Accessibility, Usability and User Experience with the Visually Impaired using Mobile Applications. In Anais do XIX Simpósio Brasileiro de Qualidade de Software (São Luiz do Maranhão). SBC, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, 361–366.
Lucas Ferreira and Críjina Flores. 2022. TripQuest Web: Sistema para Auxiliar no Ensino-Aprendizagem da Lingua Inglesa. In Anais Estendidos do XXI Simpósio Brasileiro de Jogos e Entretenimento Digital (Natal/RN). SBC, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, 1091–1095.
Casey Fiesler, Christopher Frauenberger, Michael Muller, Jessica Vitak, and Michael Zimmer. 2022. Research Ethics in HCI: A SIGCHI Community Discussion. In Extended Abstracts of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (New Orleans, LA, USA) (CHI EA ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 169, 3 pages.
Christopher Frauenberger, Amy S. Bruckman, Cosmin Munteanu, Melissa Densmore, and Jenny Waycott. 2017. Research Ethics in HCI: A Town Hall Meeting. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1295–1299.
Cleiton Garcia, Felipe Haertel, Patricia Davet, Gerson Cavalheiro, João Lopes, and Adenauer Yamin. 2018. Uma Proposta Baseada em Internet das Coisas para Prover Acessibilidade a Pessoas com Deficiência Visual∗. In Anais do XVIII Simpósio Brasileiro de Computação Aplicada à Saúde (Natal). SBC, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
Diogo Godoi, Roseli A.F. Romero, Helio Azevedo, Josué Ramos, Germano Beraldo Filho, and Márcia Ap. Thome Garcia. 2020. Proteger: A Social Robotics System to Support Child Psychological Evaluation. In 2020 LARS, 2020 SBR and 2020 WRE. 1–6.
Greg Guest, Emily E. Namey, and Marilyn L. Mitchell. 2013. Collecting qualitative data : a field manual for applied research (67 ed.). SAGE Publications.
Barbara Ann Kitchenham, David Budgen, and Pearl Brereton. 2015. EvidenceBased Software Engineering and Systematic Reviews. Chapman & Hall/CRC.
Marina de Andrade Marconi and Eva Maria Lakatos. 2017. Fundamentos de Metodologia Científica (8ª ed.). Atlas, São Paulo, SP
Jonathan Lazar, Jinjuan Heidi Feng, and Harry Hochheiser. 2017. Research Methods in Human-Computer Interaction (2nd ed.). Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
Alex John London. 2022. For the Common Good: Philosophical Foundations of Research Ethics (1st ed.). Oxford University Press.
William Lawrence Neuman. 2014. Basics of Social Research: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Pearson, New York, NY.
Mariano Pimentel. 2017. Design Science Research e Pesquisas com os Cotidianos Escolares para fazerpensar as pesquisas em Informática na Educação. XXVIII SBIE (2017).
David B. Resnik. 2018. The Ethics of Research with Human Subjects. Protecting People, Advancing Science, Promoting Trust. Springer Cham.
Richard D Riley, Paul C Lambert, and Ghada Abo-Zaid. 2010. Metaanalysis of individual participant data: rationale, conduct, and reporting. BMJ 340 (2010).
Janice Singer and Norman Vinson. 2002. Ethical issues in empirical studies of software engineering. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 28, 12 (2002), 1171–1180.
Yuri von Engelhardt, T. M. V. Janssen, and R. J. H. Scha. 1996. The Visual grammar of Information Graphics. In Proceedings Workshop on Visual Representation, Reasoning and Interaction in Design. AID’96, 1–11.
Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez. 2018. Ética (39th ed.). Civilização Brasileira.
Raul Sidnei Wazlawick. 2014. Metodologia de Pesquisa para Ciência da Computação (2ª ed.). Elsevier, São Paulo, SP.
Roel J. Wieringa. 2014. Design science methodology: For information systems and software engineering. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, London, UK.
Ilda L. Witiuk, Beatriz França, Cauê Krüger, and Mirian Cella C. Guebert. 2018. Ética em pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos. PUCPRess.
Linda Zagzebski. 2017. Exemplarist Moral Theory. Oxford University Press, Nova Iorque, NI.
Published
2024-11-07
How to Cite
CARVALHO, Luiz Paulo; RIOS DA HORA RODRIGUES, Kamila; SANTORO, Flávia Maria; OLIVEIRA, Jonice.
A study and pragmatic proposal on the communication of human involvement in Brazilian computing research. In: BRAZILIAN SYMPOSIUM ON HUMAN FACTORS IN COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEMS (IHC), 23. , 2024, Brasília/DF.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2024
.
p. 568-580.
