An Investigative Survey on Technological Risks in Software Projects
Resumo
A project risk is an uncertain event or condition that, if achieved, affects at least one of the project’s objectives. Technological risks have different characteristics from ordinary risks. These risks are typically more uncertain and subjective. Unfortunately, the literature is scarce regarding the presentation of technological risks. To fill this gap, we conducted a Survey with specialists in the field to assess the main risks and their impacts on software projects. As a result, three risks were cited by more than 70% of experts:“Failed to perform asynchronous tasks”, “Integration with plugins failed”, and “Loss of connection in HTTP request”. Our study presents an emerging study, as future work a case study is planned to collect more information from the industry.
Palavras-chave:
Risk Management, Technological Risk, Risk Identification
Referências
Allan Afuah. 2020. Innovation management-strategies, implementation, and profits. (2020).
John Bowers and Alireza Khorakian. 2014. Integrating risk management in the innovation project. European Journal of innovation management (2014).
Saad Yasser Chadli, Ali Idri, José Luis Fernández-Alemán, Joaquín Nicolás Ros, and Ambrosio Toval. 2016. Identifying risks of software project management in Global Software Development: An integrative framework. In IEEE/ACS 13th International Conference of Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA).
Danijela Ćirić, Bojan Lalić, and Danijela Gračanin. 2016. Managing innovation: Are project management methods enemies or allies. International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 7, 1 (2016), 31–41.
Emanuel Dantas, Ademar Sousa Neto, Dalton Valadares, Mirko Perkusich, Felipe Ramos, Hyggo Almeida, and Angelo Perkusich. 2022. Investigating technological risks and mitigation strategies in software projects. In Proceedings of the 37th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing. 1527–1535.
Karel De Bakker, Albert Boonstra, and Hans Wortmann. 2010. Does risk management contribute to IT project success? A meta-analysis of empirical evidence. International Journal of Project Management (2010).
Anna Małgorzata Deptuła and Ryszard Knosala. 2015. Risk assessment of the innovative projects implementation. Management and Production Engineering Review (2015).
Veli-Pekka Eloranta, Kai Koskimies, and Tommi Mikkonen. 2016. Exploring ScrumBut—An empirical study of Scrum anti-patterns. Information and Software Technology 74 (2016), 194–203.
Norman Fenton, William Marsh, Martin Neil, Patrick Cates, Simon Forey, and Manesh Tailor. 2004. Making resource decisions for software projects. In Proceedings. 26th International Conference on Software Engineering. IEEE, 397–406.
Norman Fenton and Martin Neil. 2018. Risk assessment and decision analysis with Bayesian networks. Crc Press.
Iris Figalist, Christoph Elsner, Jan Bosch, and Helena Holmström Olsson. 2020. Breaking the Vicious Circle: Why AI for software analytics and business intelligence does not take off in practice. In 2020 46th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA). IEEE, 5–12.
Daya Gupta and Mohd Sadiq. 2008. Software Risk Assessment and Estimation Model. In 2008 International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology. 963–967. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSIT.2008.184
Wen-Ming Han. 2015. Discriminating risky software project using neural networks. Computer Standards & Interfaces 40 (2015), 15–22.
Wen-Ming Han and Sun-Jen Huang. 2007. An empirical analysis of risk components and performance on software projects. Journal of Systems and Software 80, 1 (2007), 42–50.
David Hinde. 2018. PRINCE2 Study Guide: 2017 Update. John Wiley & Sons.
Chun hsien Wang, Iuan yuan Lu, and Chie bein Chen. 2008. Evaluating firm technological innovation capability under uncertainty. Technovation 28, 6 (2008), 349–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2007.10.007
ISO Central Secretary. 2018. ISO 31000: risk management–Guidelines. Standard. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, CH.
James Jiang and Gary Klein. 2000. Software development risks to project effectiveness. Journal of Systems and Software (2000).
Harold Kerzner. 2019. Innovation Project Management: Methods, Case Studies, and Tools for Managing Innovation Projects. John Wiley & Sons.
Sukulpat Khumpaisal and Zhen Chen. 2010. Risk assessment in real estate development: an application of analytic network process. Journal of Architectural/ Planning Research and Studies (JARS) 7, 1 (2010), 103–118.
Chandan Kumar and Dilip Kumar Yadav. 2015. A probabilistic software risk assessment and estimation model for software projects. Procedia Computer Science 54 (2015), 353–361.
Andreas R. Köhler and Claudia Som. 2014. Risk preventative innovation strategies for emerging technologies the cases of nano-textiles and smart textiles. Technovation 34, 8 (2014), 420–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2013.07.002 Risk and Uncertainty Management in Technological Innovation.
Johan Linaker, Sardar Muhammad Sulaman, Martin Höst, and Rafael Maiani de Mello. 2015. Guidelines for conducting surveys in software engineering v. 1.1. Lund University 50 (2015).
Slobodan B Malbašić and Stefan V Ðurić. 2019. Risk assessment framework: Application of Bayesian Belief Networks in an ammunition delaboration project. Vojnotehnicki glasnik/Military Technical Courier 67, 3 (2019), 614–641.
Jhon Masso, Francisco J Pino, César Pardo, Félix García, and Mario Piattini. 2020. Risk management in the software life cycle: A systematic literature review. Computer Standards & Interfaces (2020), 103431.
Júlio Menezes, Cristine Gusmão, and Hermano Moura. 2019. Risk factors in software development projects: a systematic literature review. Software Quality Journal 27, 3 (2019), 1149–1174.
Wang Min, Zhang Jun, and Zhang Wei. 2017. The application of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method in the software project risk assessment. In Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Management Engineering, Software Engineering and Service Sciences. 76–79.
Rogério Feroldi Miorando, José Luis Duarte Ribeiro, and Marcelo Nogueira Cortimiglia. 2014. An economic–probabilistic model for risk analysis in technological innovation projects. Technovation 34, 8 (2014), 485–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2014.01.002 Risk and Uncertainty Management in Technological Innovation.
CMMI What Is Capability Maturity Model. 2017. Integration (CMMI)®?| CMMI Institute. CMMI Institute (2017).
Mirko Perkusich, Lenardo Chaves e Silva, Alexandre Costa, Felipe Ramos, Renata Saraiva, Arthur Freire, Ednaldo Dilorenzo, Emanuel Dantas, Danilo Santos, Kyller Gorgônio, et al. 2020. Intelligent software engineering in the context of agile software development: A systematic literature review. Information and Software Technology 119 (2020), 106241.
J. Petronijevic, A. Etienne, A. Siadat, and S. Bassetto. 2019. Operational Framework for Managing Risk Interactions in Product Development Projects. In International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Systems Management (IESM). 1–6.
PMI. 2019. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide). Vol. 6. EUA.
Teade Punter, Marcus Ciolkowski, Bernd Freimut, and Isabel John. 2003. Conducting on-line surveys in software engineering. In 2003 International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering, 2003. ISESE 2003. Proceedings. IEEE, 80–88.
Robert S Russell and Bernard W Taylor-Iii. 2008. Operations management along the supply chain. John Wiley & Sons.
Ashish B Sasankar and Vinay Chavan. 2011. SWOT analysis of software development process models. International Journal of Computer Science Issues (IJCSI) 8, 5 (2011), 390.
Tim Storer. 2017. Bridging the chasm: A survey of software engineering practice in scientific programming. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 50, 4 (2017), 1–32.
Jeff Sutherland and Ken Schwaber. 2013. The Scrum Guide. http://www.scrumguides.org/docs/scrumguide/v1/Scrum-Guide-US.pdf. Acessado em: 01-06-2020.
Yasunari Takagi, Osamu Mizuno, and Tohru Kikuno. 2005. An empirical approach to characterizing risky software projects based on logistic regression analysis. Empirical Software Engineering 10, 4 (2005), 495–515.
Linda Wallace and Mark Keil. 2004. Software project risks and their effect on outcomes. Commun. ACM (2004).
Zhiwei Xu, Taghi M Khoshgoftaar, and Edward B Allen. 2003. Application of fuzzy expert systems in assessing operational risk of software. Information and software technology 45, 7 (2003), 373–388.
John Bowers and Alireza Khorakian. 2014. Integrating risk management in the innovation project. European Journal of innovation management (2014).
Saad Yasser Chadli, Ali Idri, José Luis Fernández-Alemán, Joaquín Nicolás Ros, and Ambrosio Toval. 2016. Identifying risks of software project management in Global Software Development: An integrative framework. In IEEE/ACS 13th International Conference of Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA).
Danijela Ćirić, Bojan Lalić, and Danijela Gračanin. 2016. Managing innovation: Are project management methods enemies or allies. International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 7, 1 (2016), 31–41.
Emanuel Dantas, Ademar Sousa Neto, Dalton Valadares, Mirko Perkusich, Felipe Ramos, Hyggo Almeida, and Angelo Perkusich. 2022. Investigating technological risks and mitigation strategies in software projects. In Proceedings of the 37th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing. 1527–1535.
Karel De Bakker, Albert Boonstra, and Hans Wortmann. 2010. Does risk management contribute to IT project success? A meta-analysis of empirical evidence. International Journal of Project Management (2010).
Anna Małgorzata Deptuła and Ryszard Knosala. 2015. Risk assessment of the innovative projects implementation. Management and Production Engineering Review (2015).
Veli-Pekka Eloranta, Kai Koskimies, and Tommi Mikkonen. 2016. Exploring ScrumBut—An empirical study of Scrum anti-patterns. Information and Software Technology 74 (2016), 194–203.
Norman Fenton, William Marsh, Martin Neil, Patrick Cates, Simon Forey, and Manesh Tailor. 2004. Making resource decisions for software projects. In Proceedings. 26th International Conference on Software Engineering. IEEE, 397–406.
Norman Fenton and Martin Neil. 2018. Risk assessment and decision analysis with Bayesian networks. Crc Press.
Iris Figalist, Christoph Elsner, Jan Bosch, and Helena Holmström Olsson. 2020. Breaking the Vicious Circle: Why AI for software analytics and business intelligence does not take off in practice. In 2020 46th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA). IEEE, 5–12.
Daya Gupta and Mohd Sadiq. 2008. Software Risk Assessment and Estimation Model. In 2008 International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology. 963–967. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSIT.2008.184
Wen-Ming Han. 2015. Discriminating risky software project using neural networks. Computer Standards & Interfaces 40 (2015), 15–22.
Wen-Ming Han and Sun-Jen Huang. 2007. An empirical analysis of risk components and performance on software projects. Journal of Systems and Software 80, 1 (2007), 42–50.
David Hinde. 2018. PRINCE2 Study Guide: 2017 Update. John Wiley & Sons.
Chun hsien Wang, Iuan yuan Lu, and Chie bein Chen. 2008. Evaluating firm technological innovation capability under uncertainty. Technovation 28, 6 (2008), 349–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2007.10.007
ISO Central Secretary. 2018. ISO 31000: risk management–Guidelines. Standard. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, CH.
James Jiang and Gary Klein. 2000. Software development risks to project effectiveness. Journal of Systems and Software (2000).
Harold Kerzner. 2019. Innovation Project Management: Methods, Case Studies, and Tools for Managing Innovation Projects. John Wiley & Sons.
Sukulpat Khumpaisal and Zhen Chen. 2010. Risk assessment in real estate development: an application of analytic network process. Journal of Architectural/ Planning Research and Studies (JARS) 7, 1 (2010), 103–118.
Chandan Kumar and Dilip Kumar Yadav. 2015. A probabilistic software risk assessment and estimation model for software projects. Procedia Computer Science 54 (2015), 353–361.
Andreas R. Köhler and Claudia Som. 2014. Risk preventative innovation strategies for emerging technologies the cases of nano-textiles and smart textiles. Technovation 34, 8 (2014), 420–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2013.07.002 Risk and Uncertainty Management in Technological Innovation.
Johan Linaker, Sardar Muhammad Sulaman, Martin Höst, and Rafael Maiani de Mello. 2015. Guidelines for conducting surveys in software engineering v. 1.1. Lund University 50 (2015).
Slobodan B Malbašić and Stefan V Ðurić. 2019. Risk assessment framework: Application of Bayesian Belief Networks in an ammunition delaboration project. Vojnotehnicki glasnik/Military Technical Courier 67, 3 (2019), 614–641.
Jhon Masso, Francisco J Pino, César Pardo, Félix García, and Mario Piattini. 2020. Risk management in the software life cycle: A systematic literature review. Computer Standards & Interfaces (2020), 103431.
Júlio Menezes, Cristine Gusmão, and Hermano Moura. 2019. Risk factors in software development projects: a systematic literature review. Software Quality Journal 27, 3 (2019), 1149–1174.
Wang Min, Zhang Jun, and Zhang Wei. 2017. The application of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method in the software project risk assessment. In Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Management Engineering, Software Engineering and Service Sciences. 76–79.
Rogério Feroldi Miorando, José Luis Duarte Ribeiro, and Marcelo Nogueira Cortimiglia. 2014. An economic–probabilistic model for risk analysis in technological innovation projects. Technovation 34, 8 (2014), 485–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2014.01.002 Risk and Uncertainty Management in Technological Innovation.
CMMI What Is Capability Maturity Model. 2017. Integration (CMMI)®?| CMMI Institute. CMMI Institute (2017).
Mirko Perkusich, Lenardo Chaves e Silva, Alexandre Costa, Felipe Ramos, Renata Saraiva, Arthur Freire, Ednaldo Dilorenzo, Emanuel Dantas, Danilo Santos, Kyller Gorgônio, et al. 2020. Intelligent software engineering in the context of agile software development: A systematic literature review. Information and Software Technology 119 (2020), 106241.
J. Petronijevic, A. Etienne, A. Siadat, and S. Bassetto. 2019. Operational Framework for Managing Risk Interactions in Product Development Projects. In International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Systems Management (IESM). 1–6.
PMI. 2019. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide). Vol. 6. EUA.
Teade Punter, Marcus Ciolkowski, Bernd Freimut, and Isabel John. 2003. Conducting on-line surveys in software engineering. In 2003 International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering, 2003. ISESE 2003. Proceedings. IEEE, 80–88.
Robert S Russell and Bernard W Taylor-Iii. 2008. Operations management along the supply chain. John Wiley & Sons.
Ashish B Sasankar and Vinay Chavan. 2011. SWOT analysis of software development process models. International Journal of Computer Science Issues (IJCSI) 8, 5 (2011), 390.
Tim Storer. 2017. Bridging the chasm: A survey of software engineering practice in scientific programming. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 50, 4 (2017), 1–32.
Jeff Sutherland and Ken Schwaber. 2013. The Scrum Guide. http://www.scrumguides.org/docs/scrumguide/v1/Scrum-Guide-US.pdf. Acessado em: 01-06-2020.
Yasunari Takagi, Osamu Mizuno, and Tohru Kikuno. 2005. An empirical approach to characterizing risky software projects based on logistic regression analysis. Empirical Software Engineering 10, 4 (2005), 495–515.
Linda Wallace and Mark Keil. 2004. Software project risks and their effect on outcomes. Commun. ACM (2004).
Zhiwei Xu, Taghi M Khoshgoftaar, and Edward B Allen. 2003. Application of fuzzy expert systems in assessing operational risk of software. Information and software technology 45, 7 (2003), 373–388.
Publicado
26/09/2023
Como Citar
DANTAS, Emanuel; SOUSA, Ademar; ALBUQUERQUE, Danyllo; LIMA, Luís Henrique.
An Investigative Survey on Technological Risks in Software Projects. In: WORKSHOP BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA DE SOFTWARE INTELIGENTE (ISE), 3. , 2023, Campo Grande/MS.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2023
.
p. 31-34.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/ise.2023.235753.
