Estratégia de Purificação de Links Virtuais para Redes de Entrelaçamento Quânticas
Resumo
End-to-end entanglement distribution in multi-hop quantum networks experiences fidelity degradation as entanglement swapping progresses over noisy and heterogeneous channels. In this paper, we propose a virtual-link purification strategy in which multiple EPR pairs are used at each stage to create virtual links between non-adjacent nodes and then purified in cascade using symmetric purification. The approach allows parameterizing the number of links per stage and follows a hierarchical design, with a more complete first stage and simplified purification in subsequent stages. We implement a time-slot-based orchestrator and compare the proposal against conventional swapping under Werner and bit-flip noise models. The results indicate higher end-to-end fidelity with virtual-link purification.
Referências
Dahlberg, A., Skrzypczyk, M., Coopmans, T., Wubben, L., Rozpędek, F., Pompili, M., Stolk, A., Pawełczak, P., Knegjens, R., de Oliveira Filho, J., Hanson, R., and Wehner, S. (2019). A link layer protocol for quantum networks. In Proceedings of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication (SIGCOMM ’19), pages 159–173.
Dür, W., Briegel, H.-J., Cirac, J. I., and Zoller, P. (1999). Quantum repeaters based on entanglement purification. Physical Review A, 59:169–181.
Kimble, H. J. (2008). The quantum internet. Nature, 453(7198):1023–1030.
Pan, J.-W., Simon, C., Brukner, C., and Zeilinger, A. (2001). Entanglement purification for quantum communication. Nature, 410(6832):1067–1070.
Panigrahy, N. K., Vasantam, T., Towsley, D., and Tassiulas, L. (2023). On the capacity region of a quantum switch with entanglement purification. In IEEE INFOCOM 2023 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications.
Pérez Castro, D., Fernández Vilas, A., Fernández Veiga, M., Blanco Rodríguez, M., and Díaz Redondo, R. P. (2024). Simulation of fidelity in entanglement-based networks with repeater chains. Applied Sciences, 14(23):11270.
Tavares, D., Abreu, D., Moraes, P., Pimentel, A., and Abelém, A. (2025). Estratégia de agendamento de purificação híbrida para redes quânticas de canais ruidosos heterogêneos. In Anais do XLIII Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos, pages 280–293, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC.
Wang, Z., Li, J., Xue, K., Wei, D. S., Li, R., Yu, N., Sun, Q., and Lu, J. (2023). An efficient scheduling scheme of swapping and purification operations for end-to-end entanglement distribution in quantum networks. IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering.
Wehner, S., Elkouss, D., and Hanson, R. (2018). Quantum internet: A vision for the road ahead. Science, 362(6412):eaam9288.
Xiao, Z., Li, J., Xue, K., Yu, N., Li, R., Sun, Q., and Lu, J. (2024a). Purification scheduling control for throughput maximization in quantum networks. Communications Physics, 7(307).
Xiao, Z., Li, J., Xue, K., Yu, N., Li, R., Sun, Q., and Lu, J. (2024b). Purification scheduling control for throughput maximization in quantum networks. Communications Physics, 7(1):307.
Zukowski, M., Zeilinger, A., Horne, M. A., and Ekert, A. K. (1993). “Event-ready-detectors” bell experiment via entanglement swapping. Physical Review Letters, 71(26):4287–4290.
