Applying XML signatures to the definition of an XML schema for digital ballots
Resumo
This article presents the definition of an XML schema of digital ballots for official elections using XML signature, thus defining the syntax of the digital ballot and providing the services of identification, integrity and non-repudiation of the ballot. The proposed schema was validated in regard to the XML Schema standard and an application was developed in order to allow the configuration of digital ballots for official elections.
Palavras-chave:
digital ballot, electronic voting, XML signature, XML schema
Referências
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INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE. RFC2807 – XML Signature Requirements. [s.l.]: IETF, jul. 2000. Disponível em: <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2807.txt>. Acesso em: 2 out. 2001.
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WORLD WIDE WEB CONSORTIUM. XML Schema Part 1: Structures (W3C Recommendation). [s.l.]: W3C, 2 maio 2001. Disponível em: <http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xmlschema-1-20010502/>. Acesso em: 2 out. 2001.
WORLD WIDE WEB CONSORTIUM. XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes (W3C Recommendation). [s.l.]: W3C, 2 maio 2001. Disponível em: <http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xmlschema-2-20010502/>. Acesso em: 2 out. 2001.
ORACLE. Oracle XML Developer’s Kit for Java. Disponível em: <http://web06-02.us.oracle.com/tech/xml/xdk_java/content.html>. Acesso em: 2 out. 2001.
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KU, Wei-Chi; WANG, Sheng-De. A secure and practical electronic voting scheme. In: Computer Communications, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, v. 22, n. 3, p.279–286, fev. 1999.
CALTECH–MIT/VOTING TECHNOLOGY PROJECT. Voting – What is, what could be. [s.l., s.n.], jul. 2001. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 2 out. 2001.
INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION. Recommendation X.680 (12/97) – Information Technology – Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1): Specification of Basic Notation. Telecom Standardization, 1997.
WORLD WIDE WEB CONSORTIUM. Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Second Edition). [s.l.]: W3C, out. 2000. Disponível em: <http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml-20001006>. Acesso em: 2 out. 2001.
WORLD WIDE WEB CONSORTIUM. XML-Signature Syntax and Processing (W3C Candidate Recommendation). [s.l.]: W3C, 20 ago. 2001. Disponível em: <http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/PR-xmldsig-core-20010820/>. Acesso em: 2 out. 2001.
WORLD WIDE WEB CONSORTIUM. XML Encryption Syntax and Processing (WG Working Draft). [s.l.]: W3C, 26 jun. 2001. Disponível em: <http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/WD-xmlenc-core-20010626/>. Acesso em: 2 out. 2001.
DIFFIE, Whitfield; HELLMAN, Martin E. New directions in cryptography. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, v. IT-22, n .6, p.644–654, 1976.
DAVIES, D. W.; PRICE, W. L. The application of digital signatures based on public-key cryptosystems. In: Proc. Fifth Intl. Computer Communications Conference, p. 525–530, 1980.
DEVEGILI, Augusto Jun. Farnel: Uma proposta de protocolo criptográfico para votação digital. 2001. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência da Computação) – Departamento de Informática e Estatística, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis.
HAROLD, Elliotte Rusty. XML Bible. New York: Hungry Minds, 2001.
WORLD WIDE WEB CONSORTIUM. Namespaces in XML (W3C Recommendation). [s.l.]: W3C, 14 jan. 1999. Disponível em: <http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xml-names-19990114/>. Acesso em: 2 out. 2001.
INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE. RFC2807 – XML Signature Requirements. [s.l.]: IETF, jul. 2000. Disponível em: <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2807.txt>. Acesso em: 2 out. 2001.
WORLD WIDE WEB CONSORTIUM. XML Schema Part 0: Primer (W3C Recommendation). [s.l.]: W3C, 2 maio 2001. Disponível em: <http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xmlschema-0-20010502/>. Acesso em: 2 out. 2001.
WORLD WIDE WEB CONSORTIUM. XML Schema Part 1: Structures (W3C Recommendation). [s.l.]: W3C, 2 maio 2001. Disponível em: <http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xmlschema-1-20010502/>. Acesso em: 2 out. 2001.
WORLD WIDE WEB CONSORTIUM. XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes (W3C Recommendation). [s.l.]: W3C, 2 maio 2001. Disponível em: <http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xmlschema-2-20010502/>. Acesso em: 2 out. 2001.
ORACLE. Oracle XML Developer’s Kit for Java. Disponível em: <http://web06-02.us.oracle.com/tech/xml/xdk_java/content.html>. Acesso em: 2 out. 2001.
APACHE. The Apache XML Project. Xerces Java Parser. Disponível em: <http://xml.apache.org>. Acesso em: 2 out. 2001.
IBM. XML Security Suite. XML-Signature Implementation. Disponível em: <http://www.trl.ibm.com/projects/xml/xss4j>. Acesso em: 2 out. 2001.
KU, Wei-Chi; WANG, Sheng-De. A secure and practical electronic voting scheme. In: Computer Communications, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, v. 22, n. 3, p.279–286, fev. 1999.
CALTECH–MIT/VOTING TECHNOLOGY PROJECT. Voting – What is, what could be. [s.l., s.n.], jul. 2001. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 2 out. 2001.
Publicado
22/05/2002
Como Citar
DEVEGILI, Augusto Jun; TOBAR NETO, Heres Edison Valdivieso.
Applying XML signatures to the definition of an XML schema for digital ballots. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE SEGURANÇA DA INFORMAÇÃO E DE SISTEMAS COMPUTACIONAIS (SBSEG), 2. , 2002, Búzios.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2002
.
p. 9-15.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbseg.2002.21258.
