Towards a Privacy-Preserving Video Codec: A Selective Encryption Framework for H.264
Resumo
Propomos uma extensão retrocompatível ao H.264/AVC que incorpora uma camada opcional de privacidade ao próprio bitstream. Um novo tipo de mensagem SEI, privacy_metadata, transporta uma máscara comprimida e opcionalmente cifrada, identificando regiões sensíveis como rostos e placas de veículos. Implementamos a proposta como um bitstream filter e um video filter no FFmpeg, com um pequeno pipeline em Python que detecta rostos e placas e alimenta o codificador.
Referências
(2016). Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (general data protection regulation). Official Journal of the European Union, L 119.
(2018). Lei n. 13.709, de 14 de agosto de 2018 – Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais (LGPD). Diário Oficial da União, Brazil.
(2024). FFmpeg: A complete, cross-platform solution for recording, converting and streaming audio and video. Project documentation.
Dogan, S. and Yüksel, A. F. (2025). Assessing the use of face swapping methods as face anonymizers in videos. arXiv:2505.20985.
Dufaux, F. and Ebrahimi, T. (2008). Scrambling for privacy protection in video surveillance systems. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 18(8):1168–1174.
Dworkin, M. (2007). Recommendation for block cipher modes of operation: Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) and GMAC. Technical Report NIST SP 800-38D, National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Huang, H., Wang, H., and Kwong, S. (2015). Restricted H.264/AVC video coding for privacy protected video scrambling. Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, 31:121–128.
ITU-T (2024). Recommendation H.264: Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services. Technical report, International Telecommunication Union. Edition 15.
Jocher, G., Chaurasia, A., and Qiu, J. (2023). YOLO by Ultralytics (yolov8). Ultralytics open-source release.
Padilla-López, J. R., Chaaraoui, A. A., and Flórez-Revuelta, F. (2023). A review on visual privacy preservation techniques for active and assisted living. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 82:31–61.
Pinheiro, A. J., Burgardt, C. A. P., and Campelo, D. R. (2018). Preservando a privacidade na Internet das Coisas com pseudônimos usando SDN. In Anais do XVIII Simpósio Brasileiro de Segurança da Informação e de Sistemas Computacionais (SBSeg), pages 457–464, Porto Alegre, RS. SBC.
Redmon, J., Divvala, S., Girshick, R., and Farhadi, A. (2016). You only look once: Unified, real-time object detection. In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pages 779–788.
Ribarić, S., Ariyaeeinia, A., and Pavešić, N. (2016). De-identification for privacy protection in multimedia content: A survey. Signal Processing: Image Communication, 47:131–151.
Tew, Y. and Wong, K. (2013). Privacy region protection for H.264/AVC by encrypting the intra prediction modes without drift error in I frames. In IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), pages 2912–2916.
Tian, X., Zheng, P., and Huang, J. (2021). Robust privacy-preserving motion detection and object tracking in encrypted streaming video. arXiv preprint arXiv:2108.13141.
Viola, P. and Jones, M. (2001). Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features. In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), volume 1, pages 511–518.
Wu, W., Peng, H., and Yu, S. (2023). YuNet: A tiny millisecond-level face detector. Machine Intelligence Research, 20(5):656–665.
(2018). Lei n. 13.709, de 14 de agosto de 2018 – Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais (LGPD). Diário Oficial da União, Brazil.
(2024). FFmpeg: A complete, cross-platform solution for recording, converting and streaming audio and video. Project documentation.
Dogan, S. and Yüksel, A. F. (2025). Assessing the use of face swapping methods as face anonymizers in videos. arXiv:2505.20985.
Dufaux, F. and Ebrahimi, T. (2008). Scrambling for privacy protection in video surveillance systems. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 18(8):1168–1174.
Dworkin, M. (2007). Recommendation for block cipher modes of operation: Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) and GMAC. Technical Report NIST SP 800-38D, National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Huang, H., Wang, H., and Kwong, S. (2015). Restricted H.264/AVC video coding for privacy protected video scrambling. Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, 31:121–128.
ITU-T (2024). Recommendation H.264: Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services. Technical report, International Telecommunication Union. Edition 15.
Jocher, G., Chaurasia, A., and Qiu, J. (2023). YOLO by Ultralytics (yolov8). Ultralytics open-source release.
Padilla-López, J. R., Chaaraoui, A. A., and Flórez-Revuelta, F. (2023). A review on visual privacy preservation techniques for active and assisted living. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 82:31–61.
Pinheiro, A. J., Burgardt, C. A. P., and Campelo, D. R. (2018). Preservando a privacidade na Internet das Coisas com pseudônimos usando SDN. In Anais do XVIII Simpósio Brasileiro de Segurança da Informação e de Sistemas Computacionais (SBSeg), pages 457–464, Porto Alegre, RS. SBC.
Redmon, J., Divvala, S., Girshick, R., and Farhadi, A. (2016). You only look once: Unified, real-time object detection. In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pages 779–788.
Ribarić, S., Ariyaeeinia, A., and Pavešić, N. (2016). De-identification for privacy protection in multimedia content: A survey. Signal Processing: Image Communication, 47:131–151.
Tew, Y. and Wong, K. (2013). Privacy region protection for H.264/AVC by encrypting the intra prediction modes without drift error in I frames. In IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), pages 2912–2916.
Tian, X., Zheng, P., and Huang, J. (2021). Robust privacy-preserving motion detection and object tracking in encrypted streaming video. arXiv preprint arXiv:2108.13141.
Viola, P. and Jones, M. (2001). Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features. In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), volume 1, pages 511–518.
Wu, W., Peng, H., and Yu, S. (2023). YuNet: A tiny millisecond-level face detector. Machine Intelligence Research, 20(5):656–665.
Publicado
01/09/2026
Como Citar
TOLEDO, Guilherme.
Towards a Privacy-Preserving Video Codec: A Selective Encryption Framework for H.264. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE CIBERSEGURANÇA (SBSEG), 26. , 2026, Armação dos Búzios/RJ.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2026
.
p. 1457-1463.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbseg.2026.27110.
