Evaluation of Navigation in Immersive Large-Scale VR Environments Using Minimap-assisted Teleportation
Resumo
In virtual reality (VR), large-scale applications present numerous challenges in navigation that must be addressed. Providing users with the freedom to move anywhere at any time is crucial for delivering an optimal immersive experience, particularly in large-scale environments. This paper evaluates the use of 2D minimaps for orientation and locomotion, with the goal of enhancing user navigation efficiency and precision. We discuss various methods for representing terrain information within a 2D panel, incorporating both real-world data and in-game elements to recreate 3D terrains accurately. An empirical user study involving 24 participants evaluated three teleportation techniques: the World in Miniature (WIM), the WIM in a 2D panel, and the 2D minimap. Metrics such as completion time, teleportation steps, and user workload indicated that 2D minimaps significantly improve navigation efficiency. Considering the time of completion, the 2D representation had a difference of 23.12% compared with WIM implementations. Additionally, considering the number of teleportation steps taken, the usage of a minimap proved more precise with a considerable difference of 138.65% compared to the WIM technique, leading to reduced task completion times and teleportation steps.
Palavras-chave:
Virtual Reality, Navigation, UX, Large-Scale Environments
Referências
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Berwaldt, N. L. P., Di Domenico, G., & Pozzer, C. T. (2024). Virtual MultiView Panels for Distant Object Interaction and Navigation in Virtual Reality. In Proceedings of the 25th Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (Rio Grande, Brazil) (SVR ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 88–95. DOI: 10.1145/3625008.3625023
Bozgeyikli, E., Raij, A., Katkoori, S., & Dubey, R. (2016). Point & Teleport Locomotion Technique for Virtual Reality. In Proceedings of the 2016 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 205–216.
Danyluk, K., Ens, B., Jenny, B., & Willett, W. (2021). A Design Space Exploration of Worlds in Miniature. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Yokohama, Japan) (CHI ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 122, 15 pages. DOI: 10.1145/3411764.3445098
Garratt, A. M., Helgeland, J., & Gulbrandsen, P. (2011). Five-point scales outperform 10-point scales in a randomized comparison of item scaling for the Patient Experiences Questionnaire. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 64(2), 200–207.
Hart, S. G. (2006). Nasa-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX); 20 Years Later. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 50(9), 904–908. DOI: 10.1177/154193120605000909
Habgood, M. P. J., Moore, D., Wilson, D., & Alapont, S. (2012). Rapid, Continuous Movement Between Nodes as an Accessible Virtual Reality Locomotion Technique. In 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). IEEE, Germany, 371–378. [link]
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Lee, J., Ahn, S. C., & Hwang, J. I. (2012). A Walking-in-Place Method for Virtual Reality Using Position and Orientation Tracking. Sensors, 18(9).
Levinský, V. (2023). Teleportation in Virtual Reality Using a Handheld Minimap. Theses.cz.
Lütjens, M., Kersten, T., Dorschel, B., & Tschirschwitz, F. (2019). Virtual Reality in Cartography: Immersive 3D Visualization of the Arctic Clyde Inlet (Canada) Using Digital Elevation Models and Bathymetric Data. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 3(2), 9. DOI: 10.3390/mti3010009
Mahalil, I., Mohd Yusof, A., Ibrahim, N., Mohd Mahidin, E. M., & Rusli, M. E. (2019). Virtual Reality Mini Map Presentation Techniques: Lessons and experience learned. In 2019 IEEE Conference on Graphics and Media (GAME). 26–31. DOI: 10.1109/GAME47560.2019.8980759
Maslych, M., Hmaiti, Y., Ghamandi, R., Leber, P., Kattoju, R. K., Belga, J., & LaViola, J. J. (2023). Toward Intuitive Acquisition of Occluded VR Objects Through an Interactive Disocclusion Mini-map. In 2023 IEEE Conference Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). 460–470. DOI: 10.1109/VR55154.2023.00061
Stoakley, R., Conway, M. J., & Pausch, R. (1995). Virtual Reality on a WIM: Interactive Worlds in Miniature. ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 265–272.
Wang, X., Li, Y., & Liang, H.-N. (2024). MagicMap: Enhancing Indoor Navigation Experience in VR Museums. In 2024 IEEE Conference Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). 881–891. DOI: 10.1109/VR58804.2024.00107
Zagata, K., Gulij, J., Halik, Ł., & Medyńska-Gulij, B. (2021). Mini-Map for Gamers Who Walk and Teleport in a Virtual Stronghold. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 10(2). DOI: 10.3390/ijgi10020096
Berwaldt, N. L. P., Di Domenico, G., & Pozzer, C. T. (2024). Virtual MultiView Panels for Distant Object Interaction and Navigation in Virtual Reality. In Proceedings of the 25th Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (Rio Grande, Brazil) (SVR ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 88–95. DOI: 10.1145/3625008.3625023
Bozgeyikli, E., Raij, A., Katkoori, S., & Dubey, R. (2016). Point & Teleport Locomotion Technique for Virtual Reality. In Proceedings of the 2016 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 205–216.
Danyluk, K., Ens, B., Jenny, B., & Willett, W. (2021). A Design Space Exploration of Worlds in Miniature. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Yokohama, Japan) (CHI ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 122, 15 pages. DOI: 10.1145/3411764.3445098
Garratt, A. M., Helgeland, J., & Gulbrandsen, P. (2011). Five-point scales outperform 10-point scales in a randomized comparison of item scaling for the Patient Experiences Questionnaire. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 64(2), 200–207.
Hart, S. G. (2006). Nasa-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX); 20 Years Later. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 50(9), 904–908. DOI: 10.1177/154193120605000909
Habgood, M. P. J., Moore, D., Wilson, D., & Alapont, S. (2012). Rapid, Continuous Movement Between Nodes as an Accessible Virtual Reality Locomotion Technique. In 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). IEEE, Germany, 371–378. [link]
LaViola, J. J., Kruijff, E., McMahan, R. P., Bowman, D. A., & Poupyrev, I. (2017). 3D User Interfaces: Theory and Practice. Addison-Wesley.
Lee, J., Ahn, S. C., & Hwang, J. I. (2012). A Walking-in-Place Method for Virtual Reality Using Position and Orientation Tracking. Sensors, 18(9).
Levinský, V. (2023). Teleportation in Virtual Reality Using a Handheld Minimap. Theses.cz.
Lütjens, M., Kersten, T., Dorschel, B., & Tschirschwitz, F. (2019). Virtual Reality in Cartography: Immersive 3D Visualization of the Arctic Clyde Inlet (Canada) Using Digital Elevation Models and Bathymetric Data. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 3(2), 9. DOI: 10.3390/mti3010009
Mahalil, I., Mohd Yusof, A., Ibrahim, N., Mohd Mahidin, E. M., & Rusli, M. E. (2019). Virtual Reality Mini Map Presentation Techniques: Lessons and experience learned. In 2019 IEEE Conference on Graphics and Media (GAME). 26–31. DOI: 10.1109/GAME47560.2019.8980759
Maslych, M., Hmaiti, Y., Ghamandi, R., Leber, P., Kattoju, R. K., Belga, J., & LaViola, J. J. (2023). Toward Intuitive Acquisition of Occluded VR Objects Through an Interactive Disocclusion Mini-map. In 2023 IEEE Conference Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). 460–470. DOI: 10.1109/VR55154.2023.00061
Stoakley, R., Conway, M. J., & Pausch, R. (1995). Virtual Reality on a WIM: Interactive Worlds in Miniature. ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 265–272.
Wang, X., Li, Y., & Liang, H.-N. (2024). MagicMap: Enhancing Indoor Navigation Experience in VR Museums. In 2024 IEEE Conference Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). 881–891. DOI: 10.1109/VR58804.2024.00107
Zagata, K., Gulij, J., Halik, Ł., & Medyńska-Gulij, B. (2021). Mini-Map for Gamers Who Walk and Teleport in a Virtual Stronghold. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 10(2). DOI: 10.3390/ijgi10020096
Publicado
30/09/2024
Como Citar
DOMENICO, Gabriel Di et al.
Evaluation of Navigation in Immersive Large-Scale VR Environments Using Minimap-assisted Teleportation. In: SIMPÓSIO DE REALIDADE VIRTUAL E AUMENTADA (SVR), 26. , 2024, Manaus/AM.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2024
.
p. 270-274.
