Beyond the Monitor: How Immersion can Transform (and Complicate) User Satisfaction
Resumo
Immersive virtual reality holds the potential to provide a safe and efficient environment for the education and training of invasive healthcare procedures. Nevertheless, some tasks or users may present additional challenges. This work examines whether an HMD adds measurable value to a simulator in health area to train dental anesthesia, when compared with its conventional desktop counterpart. Twenty-four participants completed two full training runs in each platform (desktop, HMD). We logged phase-specific and total task times, collected SUS, UEQ and SSQ scores for both conditions, and recorded participants’ ranked preference. Motion-sickness history, visual limitations and prior VR experience were surveyed as well. Statistical treatment combined parametric/non-parametric tests and correlations; qualitative remarks were thematically coded. Task duration in HMD version was longer in 71 % of sessions. Neither UEQ nor SUS differentials explained VR environment preference; SSQ scores were low overall and unrelated to the type of VR environment used. Most users without visual impairment preferred the HMD version, yet the association missed significance. Open comments about HMD version praised greater immersion, realism and pedagogical value, while pinpointing friction in fine motor tasks, lack of visual guides, sporadic lag and eyestrain.
Palavras-chave:
stereoscopic virtual reality, user experience evaluation, dental skills training
Referências
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Rubio-Lopez, A. Garcia-Carmona, R. Zarandieta-Roman, L. Rubio-Navas, A. Gonzalez-Pinto, A. and Cardinal-Fernandez, P. Innovative approaches to pericardiocentesis training a comparative study of 3D-printed and virtual reality simulation models. Advances in Simulation, 10(1):19, 2025.
Ribeiro, M. A. Correa, C. G. and Nunes, F. L. Visual and haptic trajectories applied to dental anesthesia training conceptualization, implementation and preliminary evaluation. 20th Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR), 210–219, 2018.
Ayoub, A. and Pulijala, Y. The application of virtual reality and augmented reality in oral & maxillofacial surgery. BMC Oral Health, 19:1–8, 2019.
Slater, M. Place illusion and plausibility can lead to realistic behaviour in immersive virtual environments. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, 364(1535):3549–3557, 2009.
McIntire, J. P. Havig, P. R. and Geiselman, E. E. Stereoscopic 3D displays and human performance a comprehensive review. Displays, 35(1):18–26, 2014.
Qiu, J. and Tokuhisa, S. Dual-track UX a user experience evaluation method for B2B SaaS development. Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA 25), ACM, 2025.
S. N. and . Usability and user experience evaluation in intelligent environments a review and reappraisal. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 41(5):2829–2858, 2025.
Brooke, J. SUS a quick and dirty usability scale. In Usability Evaluation in Industry, 189–194, 1996.
Laugwitz, B. Held, T. and Schrepp, M. Construction and evaluation of a user experience questionnaire. In Symposium of the Austrian HCI and Usability Engineering Group, 63–76, Springer, 2008.
Kennedy, R. S. Lane, N. E. Berbaum, K. S. and Lilienthal, M. G. Simulator sickness questionnaire an enhanced method for quantifying simulator sickness. International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 3(3):203–220, 1993.
Bargas-Avila, J. A. and Hornbaek, K. Old wine in new bottles or novel challenges a critical analysis of empirical studies of user experience. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2689–2698, 2011.
Zaki, T. and Islam, M. N. Neurological and physiological measures to evaluate the usability and user-experience (UX) of information systems a systematic literature review. Computer Science Review, 40:100375, 2021.
Perez, F. M. P. Bellei, E. A. Nascimento, J. R. Bombarda, L. T. Belger, V. F. and De Marchi, A. C. B. Decoding user experience in exergames a systematic scoping review of assessment methods. MethodsX, 14:103054, 2025.
Mikuska, D. Kapec, P. and Vincur, J. Visual programming in immersive virtual reality using UML sequence diagrams. In Advances in Information and Communication (K. Arai, ed.), 212–228, Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025.
Lorenz, M. Neupetsch, C. Rotsch, C. Klimant, P. and Hammer, N. Early virtual reality user experience and usability assessment of a surgical shape memory alloy aspiration/irrigation instrument. IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), 1056–1057, 2019.
Read, J. C. and Bohr, I. User experience while viewing stereoscopic 3D television. Ergonomics, 57(8):1140–1153, 2014.
Zorzi, C. Tabbaa, L. Covaci, A. Sirlantzis, K. and Marcelli, G. Train vs play evaluating the effects of gamified and non-gamified wheelchair skills training using virtual reality. Bioengineering, 10(11):1269, 2023.
Ulmer, J. Braun, S. Cheng, C. Dowey, S. and Wollert, J. Gamification of virtual reality assembly training effects of a combined point and level system on motivation and training results. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 165:102854, 2022.
Correa, C. G. Simulacao de insercao de agulha para treinamento de procedimento de anestesia odontologica. 2015.
Tori, A. Tori, R. and Nunes, F. Gamificacao e imersao como elementos de engajamento para simuladores uma proposta de aplicacao em realidade virtual para a odontologia. Anais Estendidos do XXII Simposio de Realidade Virtual e Aumentada, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, SBC, 9–10, 2020.
Tori, A. A. Gamificacao de um simulador em realidade virtual para aprendizagem de anatomia e anestesia odontologica. Dissertacao de mestrado, Escola Politecnica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 2025.
Meissel, K. and Yao, E. S. Using Cliff’s delta as a non-parametric effect size measure an accessible web app and R tutorial. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 29(1), 2024.
Moussa, R. Alghazaly, A. Althagafi, N. Eshky, R. and Borzangy, S. Effectiveness of virtual reality and interactive simulators on dental education outcomes systematic review. European Journal of Dentistry, 16(1):14–31, 2022.
Rubio-Lopez, A. Garcia-Carmona, R. Zarandieta-Roman, L. Rubio-Navas, A. Gonzalez-Pinto, A. and Cardinal-Fernandez, P. Innovative approaches to pericardiocentesis training a comparative study of 3D-printed and virtual reality simulation models. Advances in Simulation, 10(1):19, 2025.
Ribeiro, M. A. Correa, C. G. and Nunes, F. L. Visual and haptic trajectories applied to dental anesthesia training conceptualization, implementation and preliminary evaluation. 20th Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR), 210–219, 2018.
Ayoub, A. and Pulijala, Y. The application of virtual reality and augmented reality in oral & maxillofacial surgery. BMC Oral Health, 19:1–8, 2019.
Slater, M. Place illusion and plausibility can lead to realistic behaviour in immersive virtual environments. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, 364(1535):3549–3557, 2009.
McIntire, J. P. Havig, P. R. and Geiselman, E. E. Stereoscopic 3D displays and human performance a comprehensive review. Displays, 35(1):18–26, 2014.
Qiu, J. and Tokuhisa, S. Dual-track UX a user experience evaluation method for B2B SaaS development. Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA 25), ACM, 2025.
S. N. and . Usability and user experience evaluation in intelligent environments a review and reappraisal. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 41(5):2829–2858, 2025.
Brooke, J. SUS a quick and dirty usability scale. In Usability Evaluation in Industry, 189–194, 1996.
Laugwitz, B. Held, T. and Schrepp, M. Construction and evaluation of a user experience questionnaire. In Symposium of the Austrian HCI and Usability Engineering Group, 63–76, Springer, 2008.
Kennedy, R. S. Lane, N. E. Berbaum, K. S. and Lilienthal, M. G. Simulator sickness questionnaire an enhanced method for quantifying simulator sickness. International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 3(3):203–220, 1993.
Bargas-Avila, J. A. and Hornbaek, K. Old wine in new bottles or novel challenges a critical analysis of empirical studies of user experience. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2689–2698, 2011.
Zaki, T. and Islam, M. N. Neurological and physiological measures to evaluate the usability and user-experience (UX) of information systems a systematic literature review. Computer Science Review, 40:100375, 2021.
Perez, F. M. P. Bellei, E. A. Nascimento, J. R. Bombarda, L. T. Belger, V. F. and De Marchi, A. C. B. Decoding user experience in exergames a systematic scoping review of assessment methods. MethodsX, 14:103054, 2025.
Mikuska, D. Kapec, P. and Vincur, J. Visual programming in immersive virtual reality using UML sequence diagrams. In Advances in Information and Communication (K. Arai, ed.), 212–228, Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025.
Lorenz, M. Neupetsch, C. Rotsch, C. Klimant, P. and Hammer, N. Early virtual reality user experience and usability assessment of a surgical shape memory alloy aspiration/irrigation instrument. IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), 1056–1057, 2019.
Read, J. C. and Bohr, I. User experience while viewing stereoscopic 3D television. Ergonomics, 57(8):1140–1153, 2014.
Zorzi, C. Tabbaa, L. Covaci, A. Sirlantzis, K. and Marcelli, G. Train vs play evaluating the effects of gamified and non-gamified wheelchair skills training using virtual reality. Bioengineering, 10(11):1269, 2023.
Ulmer, J. Braun, S. Cheng, C. Dowey, S. and Wollert, J. Gamification of virtual reality assembly training effects of a combined point and level system on motivation and training results. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 165:102854, 2022.
Correa, C. G. Simulacao de insercao de agulha para treinamento de procedimento de anestesia odontologica. 2015.
Tori, A. Tori, R. and Nunes, F. Gamificacao e imersao como elementos de engajamento para simuladores uma proposta de aplicacao em realidade virtual para a odontologia. Anais Estendidos do XXII Simposio de Realidade Virtual e Aumentada, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, SBC, 9–10, 2020.
Tori, A. A. Gamificacao de um simulador em realidade virtual para aprendizagem de anatomia e anestesia odontologica. Dissertacao de mestrado, Escola Politecnica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 2025.
Meissel, K. and Yao, E. S. Using Cliff’s delta as a non-parametric effect size measure an accessible web app and R tutorial. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 29(1), 2024.
Publicado
30/09/2025
Como Citar
PERES, Fabiana; NUNES, Fátima; TEIXEIRA, João Marcelo; DOMINGUES, Gustavo; ZANELLATTO, Letícia; MACEDO, José; MAURÍCIO, Claudio.
Beyond the Monitor: How Immersion can Transform (and Complicate) User Satisfaction. In: SIMPÓSIO DE REALIDADE VIRTUAL E AUMENTADA (SVR), 27. , 2025, Salvador/BA.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2025
.
p. 353-362.
