Autonomy and Turnover in Distributed Software Development Projects: a Systematic Literature Review
Resumo
Distributed teams have become a tendency among software companies. However, companies that apply Distributed Software Development (DSD) suffer from high developer turnover. Research shows that autonomy factors can mitigate or prevent team turnover. In this research, we investigate the role of autonomy on turnover in distributed teams through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Our findings revealed a set of autonomy dimensions that influence turnover in DSD projects. Besides, we identified the main factors related to autonomy linked to turnover in DSD projects. These findings provide software companies and organizations with a better understanding of the importance of autonomy factors to battle the DSD projects turnover problem.
Palavras-chave:
Turnover, Autonomy, Distributed Software Development
Referências
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Cruzes, D. S. and Dyba, T. (2011). Recommended steps for thematic synthesis in software engineering. In 2011 international symposium on empirical software engineering and measurement, pages 275–284. IEEE.
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Goldenson, D. R. and Herbsleb, J. D. (1995). After the appraisal: A systematic survey of process improvement, its benefits, and factors that influence success. Technical report, Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Hackman, J. R. and Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational behavior and human performance, 16(2):250–279.
Ivarsson, M. and Gorschek, T. (2011). A method for evaluating rigor and industrial relevance of technology evaluations. Empirical Software Engineering, 16(3):365–395.
Johri, A. and Teo, H. J. (2018). Achieving equilibrium through coworking: Work-life balance in floss through multiple spaces and media use. In Proceedings of the 14th international symposium on open collaboration, pages 1–11.
Kautz, K. and Nielsen, P. A. (2000). Implementing software process improvement: two cases of technology transfer. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pages 10–pp. IEEE.
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Morgeson, F. P. and Humphrey, S. E. (2006). The work design questionnaire (wdq): developing and validating a comprehensive measure for assessing job design and the nature of work. Journal of applied psychology, 91(6):1321.
Noll, J., Beecham, S., Razzak, A., Richardson, B., Barcomb, A., and Richardson, I.(2017). Motivation and autonomy in global software development. In International Workshop on Global Sourcing of Information Technology and Business Processes, pages 19–38. Springer.
Petersen, K., Feldt, R., Mujtaba, S., and Mattsson, M. (2008). Systematic mapping studies in software engineering. In 12th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering (EASE) 12, pages 1–10.
Rainer, A. and Hall, T. (2002). Key success factors for implementing software process improvement: a maturity-based analysis. Journal of Systems and Software, 62(2):71– 84.
Ramasubbu, N. (2013). Governing software process improvementsin globally distributed product development. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 40(3):235–250.
Remus, U., Wiener, M., Saunders, C., Mahring, M., and Kofler, M. (2016). Control modes versus control styles: Investigating isd project control effects at the individual level.
Richardson, I., Casey, V., Burton, J., and McCaffery, F. (2010). Global software engineering: A software process approach. In Collaborative software engineering, pages 35–56. Springer.
Setor, T. K. and Joseph, D. (2022). When agile means staying: A moderated mediated model. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 62(1):186–195.
Smith, D. and Speight, H. (2006). Antecedents of turnover intention and actual turnover among information systems personnel in south africa. In Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGMIS CPR conference on computer personnel research: Forty four years of computer personnel research: achievements, challenges & the future, pages 123–129.
Sulayman, M., Mendes, E., Urquhart, C., Riaz, M., and Tempero, E. (2014). Towards a theoretical framework of spi success factors for small and medium web companies. Information and Software Technology, 56(7):807–820.
Sulayman, M., Urquhart, C., Mendes, E., and Seidel, S. (2012). Software process improvement success factors for small and medium web companies: A qualitative study. Information and Software Technology, 54(5):479–500.
Sumner, M., Yager, S., and Franke, D. (2005). Career orientation and organizational commitment of it personnel. In Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGMIS CPR conference on Computer personnel research, pages 75–80.
Wall, T. D., Jackson, P. R., and Davids, K. (1992). Operator work design and robotics system performance: A serendipitous field study. Journal of applied Psychology, 77(3):353.
Wieringa, R., Maiden, N., Mead, N., and Rolland, C. (2006). Requirements engineering paper classification and evaluation criteria: a proposal and a discussion. Requirements engineering, 11(1):102–107.
Bass, J. M., Sarah, B., Razzak, M. A., and Noll, J. (2018). Employee retention and turnover in global software development: Comparing in-house offshoring and offshore outsourcing. In 2018 IEEE/ACM 13th International Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE), pages 77–86. IEEE.
Beecham, S. (2014). Motivating software engineers working in virtual teams across the globe. In Software project management in a changing world, pages 247–273. Springer.
Beecham, S. and Noll, J. (2015). What motivates software engineers working in global software development? In International conference on product-focused software process improvement, pages 193–209. Springer.
Bellini, C. G. P., Palvia, P., Moreno, V., Jacks, T., and Graeml, A. (2019). Should i stay or should i go? a study of it professionals during a national crisis. Information Technology & People.
Campion, M. A. (1988). Interdisciplinary approaches to job design: A constructive replication with extensions. Journal of applied psychology, 73(3):467.
Chatzipetrou, P., Smite, D., and Van Solingen, R. (2018). When and who leaves matters: ? emerging results from an empirical study of employee turnover. In Proceedings of the 12th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement, pages 1–4.
Cruzes, D. S. and Dyba, T. (2011). Recommended steps for thematic synthesis in software engineering. In 2011 international symposium on empirical software engineering and measurement, pages 275–284. IEEE.
Deci, E. L. and Ryan, R. M. (2012). Self-determination theory. Dysvik, A. and Kuvaas, B. (2013). Perceived job autonomy and turnover intention: The moderating role of perceived supervisor support. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 22(5):563–573.
Ebert, C., Kuhrmann, M., and Prikladnicki, R. (2016). Global software engineering: Evolution and trends. In 2016 IEEE 11th International Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE), pages 144–153. IEEE.
El Emam, K. and Koru, A. G. (2008). A replicated survey of it software project failures. IEEE software, 25(5):84–90.
Goldenson, D. R. and Herbsleb, J. D. (1995). After the appraisal: A systematic survey of process improvement, its benefits, and factors that influence success. Technical report, Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Hackman, J. R. and Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational behavior and human performance, 16(2):250–279.
Ivarsson, M. and Gorschek, T. (2011). A method for evaluating rigor and industrial relevance of technology evaluations. Empirical Software Engineering, 16(3):365–395.
Johri, A. and Teo, H. J. (2018). Achieving equilibrium through coworking: Work-life balance in floss through multiple spaces and media use. In Proceedings of the 14th international symposium on open collaboration, pages 1–11.
Kautz, K. and Nielsen, P. A. (2000). Implementing software process improvement: two cases of technology transfer. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pages 10–pp. IEEE.
Khan, A. W. and Khan, S. U. (2013). Critical success factors for offshore software outsourcing contract management from vendors’ perspective: an exploratory study using a systematic literature review. IET software, 7(6):327–338.
Khan, S. U., Niazi, M., and Ahmad, R. (2010). Critical success factors for offshore software development outsourcing vendors: an empirical study. In International Conference on Product Focused Software Process Improvement, pages 146–160. Springer.
Kitchenham, B. and Charters, S. (2007). Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering. Technical report, Technical report, EBSE Technical Report EBSE-2007-01.
Lundene, K. and Mohagheghi, P. (2018). How autonomy emerges as agile crossfunctional teams mature. In Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Agile Software Development: Companion, pages 1–5.
Marinho, M., Amorim, L., Camara, R., Oliveira, B. R., Sobral, M., and Sampaio, S. (2021). Happier and further by going together: The importance of software team behaviour during the covid-19 pandemic. Technology in society, 67:101799.
Marinho, M., Noll, J., and Beecham, S. (2018). Uncertainty management for global software development teams. In 11th International Conference on the Quality of Information and Communications Technology, pages 238–246, Coimbra, Portugal. IEEE.
Marinho, M., Noll, J., Richardson, I., and Beecham, S. (2019). Plan-driven approaches are alive and kicking in agile global software development. In International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM), pages 1–11, Porto de Galinhas, Brazil. IEEE.
Massoni, T., Ginani, N., Silva, W., Barros, Z., and Moura, G. (2019). Relating voluntary turnover with job characteristics, satisfaction and work exhaustion-an initial study with brazilian developers. In 2019 IEEE/ACM 12th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE), pages 85–88. IEEE.
Mgaya, K. V., Uzoka, F.-M. E., Kitindi, E. G., and Shemi, A. P. (2009). Examining career orientations of information systems personnel in an emerging economy context. In Proceedings of the special interest group on management information system’s 47th annual conference on Computer personnel research, pages 41–56.
Morgeson, F. P. and Humphrey, S. E. (2006). The work design questionnaire (wdq): developing and validating a comprehensive measure for assessing job design and the nature of work. Journal of applied psychology, 91(6):1321.
Noll, J., Beecham, S., Razzak, A., Richardson, B., Barcomb, A., and Richardson, I.(2017). Motivation and autonomy in global software development. In International Workshop on Global Sourcing of Information Technology and Business Processes, pages 19–38. Springer.
Petersen, K., Feldt, R., Mujtaba, S., and Mattsson, M. (2008). Systematic mapping studies in software engineering. In 12th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering (EASE) 12, pages 1–10.
Rainer, A. and Hall, T. (2002). Key success factors for implementing software process improvement: a maturity-based analysis. Journal of Systems and Software, 62(2):71– 84.
Ramasubbu, N. (2013). Governing software process improvementsin globally distributed product development. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 40(3):235–250.
Remus, U., Wiener, M., Saunders, C., Mahring, M., and Kofler, M. (2016). Control modes versus control styles: Investigating isd project control effects at the individual level.
Richardson, I., Casey, V., Burton, J., and McCaffery, F. (2010). Global software engineering: A software process approach. In Collaborative software engineering, pages 35–56. Springer.
Setor, T. K. and Joseph, D. (2022). When agile means staying: A moderated mediated model. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 62(1):186–195.
Smith, D. and Speight, H. (2006). Antecedents of turnover intention and actual turnover among information systems personnel in south africa. In Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGMIS CPR conference on computer personnel research: Forty four years of computer personnel research: achievements, challenges & the future, pages 123–129.
Sulayman, M., Mendes, E., Urquhart, C., Riaz, M., and Tempero, E. (2014). Towards a theoretical framework of spi success factors for small and medium web companies. Information and Software Technology, 56(7):807–820.
Sulayman, M., Urquhart, C., Mendes, E., and Seidel, S. (2012). Software process improvement success factors for small and medium web companies: A qualitative study. Information and Software Technology, 54(5):479–500.
Sumner, M., Yager, S., and Franke, D. (2005). Career orientation and organizational commitment of it personnel. In Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGMIS CPR conference on Computer personnel research, pages 75–80.
Wall, T. D., Jackson, P. R., and Davids, K. (1992). Operator work design and robotics system performance: A serendipitous field study. Journal of applied Psychology, 77(3):353.
Wieringa, R., Maiden, N., Mead, N., and Rolland, C. (2006). Requirements engineering paper classification and evaluation criteria: a proposal and a discussion. Requirements engineering, 11(1):102–107.
Publicado
13/06/2022
Como Citar
CHAVES, Amanda; AMORIM, Luís; MARINHO, Marcelo; FARIAS JÚNIOR, Ivaldir de; MOURA, Hermano.
Autonomy and Turnover in Distributed Software Development Projects: a Systematic Literature Review. In: CONGRESSO IBERO-AMERICANO EM ENGENHARIA DE SOFTWARE (CIBSE), 25. , 2022, Córdoba.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2022
.
p. 105-119.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/cibse.2022.20966.
