Outsourcing with distributed teams in large-scale environments
Resumo
Outsourcing projects continue to grow through a more distributed and connected environment among teams from all over the globe. Due to it, many customer-vendor relationships are being formed in multi-site settings around a large-scale agile project. Companies are constantly looking for suppliers to assist and develop their complex products, although large-scale agile projects with many teams require some attention to the outsourcing project. Based on it, this study aims to conduct a systematic literature review regarding how outsourced distributed teams from large-scale agile projects are handling their operation. From 23 studies, it was possible to synthesize six distinct themes and 15 patterns of outsourcing distributed teams working in large-scale contexts.
Palavras-chave:
Outsourcing, Distributed Software Development, large-scale, large-scale agile
Referências
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Batra, D. (2009). Modified agile practices for outsourced software projects. Commun. ACM, 52(9):143–148.
Batra, D., VanderMeer, D., and Dutta, K. (2011). Extending agile principles to larger, dynamic software projects: A theoretical assessment. J. Database Manage., 22(4):73–92.
Cho, J. (2007). Distributed scrum for large-scale and mission-critical projects. In Reaching New Heights. 13th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2007, Colorado, USA, August 9-12, 2007, page 235. Association for Information Systems.
Cruzes, D. S. and Dyba, T. (2011). Recommended steps for thematic synthesis in software engineering. In 2011 International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement, pages 275–284.
Daneva, M., van der Veen, E., Amrit, C., Ghaisas, S., Sikkel, K., Kumar, R., Ajmeri, N., Ramteerthkar, U., and Wieringa, R. (2013). Agile requirements prioritization in large-scale outsourced system projects: An empirical study. Journal of Systems and Software, 86(5):1333–1353.
Dingsøyr, T., Fægri, T. E., and Itkonen, J. (2014). What is large in large-scale? a taxonomy of scale for agile software development. In PROFES.
Dorairaj, S., Noble, J., and Malik, P. (2012). Understanding team dynamics in distributed agile software development. In Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming, pages 47–61, Berlin, Heidelberg. Springer.
Gupta, R. K., Venkatachalapathy, M., and Jeberla, F. K. (2019). Challenges in adopting continuous delivery and devops in a globally distributed product team: A case study of a healthcare organization. In 2019 ACM/IEEE 14th International Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE), pages 30–34.
Gupta, R. S. (2022). Knowledge management and quality control in software outsourcing projects. In Research Anthology on Agile Software, Software Development, and Testing, pages 1484–1510. IGI Global.
Hole, S. and Moe, N. B. (2008). A case study of coordination in distributed agile software development. In Software Process Improvement, pages 189–200, Berlin, Heidelberg. Springer.
Hossain, E., Ali Babar, M., and Verner, J. (2009). Towards a framework for using agile approaches in global software development. In Product-Focused Software Process Improvement, pages 126–140, Berlin, Heidelberg. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Hossain, E., Bannerman, P. L., and Jeffery, R. (2011). Towards an understanding of tailoring scrum in global software development: A multi-case study. In Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Software and Systems Process, ICSSP ’11, page 110–119, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Ivarsson, M. and Gorschek, T. (2011). A method for evaluating rigor and industrial relevance of technology evaluations. Empirical Software Engineering, 16:365–395.
Khan, S. U., Niazi, M., and Ahmad, R. (2011). Factors influencing clients in the selection of offshore software outsourcing vendors: An exploratory study using a systematic literature review. Journal of Systems and Software, 84(4):686–699.
Kitchenham, B. and Charters, S. (2007). Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering. Technical report, Technical report, EBSE Technical Report EBSE-2007-01.
Koch, C., Jørgensen, C., Olsen, M., and Tambo, T. (2014). We all know how, don’t we? on the role of scrum in it-offshoring. In Creating Value for All Through IT, pages 96–112, Berlin, Heidelberg. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Kommeren, R. and Parviainen, P. (2007). Philips experiences in global distributed software development. Empirical Softw. Engg., 12(6):647–660.
Krancher, O. (2020). Agile software development practices and success in outsourced projects: The moderating role of requirements risk. In Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming, pages 56–72, Cham. Springer Publishing.
Kussmaul, C. (2010). Onshore and offshore outsourcing with agility: Lessons learned. In Agility Across Time and Space: Implementing Agile Methods in Global Software Projects, pages 91–106, Berlin, Heidelberg. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Lehtinen, T. O., Virtanen, R., Heikkil¨a, V. T., and Itkonen, J. (2015). Why the development outcome does not meet the product owners’ expectations? In Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming, pages 93–104, Cham. Springer.
Marinho, M., Noll, J., and Beecham, S. (2018). Uncertainty management for global software development teams. In 11th International Conference on the Quality of Information and Communications Technology, pages 238–246, Coimbra, Portugal. IEEE.
Marinho, M., Noll, J., Richardson, I., and Beecham, S. (2019). Plan-driven approaches are alive and kicking in agile global software development. In International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM), pages 1–11, Porto de Galinhas, Brazil. IEEE.
Matthiesen, S. and Bjørn, P. (2017). When distribution of tasks and skills are fundamentally problematic: A failure story from global software outsourcing. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact., 1(CSCW).
NicCanna, C., Razzak, M. A., Noll, J., and Beecham, S. (2021). Globally distributed development during covid-19. In 2021 IEEE/ACM 8th International Workshop on Software Engineering Research and Industrial Practice (SER IP), pages 18–25.
Noordeloos, R.,Manteli, C., and Vliet, H. V. (2012). From rup to scrum in global software development: A case study. In 2012 IEEE Seventh International Conference on Global Software Engineering, pages 31–40.
Paasivaara, M., Durasiewicz, S., and Lassenius, C. (2008a). Distributed agile development: Using scrum in a large project. In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Global Software Engineering, pages 87–95.
Paasivaara, M., Durasiewicz, S., and Lassenius, C. (2008b). Using scrum in a globally distributed project: a case study. Softw. Process. Improv. Pract., 13:527–544.
Paasivaara, M., Durasiewicz, S., and Lassenius, C. (2009). Using scrum in distributed agile development: A multiple case study. In 2009 Fourth IEEE International Conference on Global Software Engineering, pages 195–204.
Paasivaara, M. and Lassenius, C. (2010). Using scrum practices in gsd projects. In Agility Across Time and Space: Implementing Agile Methods in Global Software Projects, pages 259–278, Berlin, Heidelberg. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Paasivaara, M., Väättänen, O., Hallikainen, M., and Lassenius, C. (2014). Supporting a large-scale lean and agile transformation by defining common values. In Agile Methods. Large-Scale Development, Refactoring, Testing, and Estimation, pages 73–82, Cham. Springer International Publishing.
Petersen, K., Feldt, R., Mujtaba, S., and Mattsson, M. (2008). Systematic mapping studies in software engineering. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering, EASE’08, page 68–77, Swindon, GBR. BCS Learning & Development Ltd.
Välimäki, A. and Kääriäinen, J. (2008). Patterns for distributed scrum—a case study. In Enterprise Interoperability III, pages 85–97, London. Springer London.
Vallon., R., Bayrhammer., K., Strobl., S., Bernhart., M., and Grechenig., T. (2013). Identifying critical areas for improvement in agile multi-site co-development. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering - ENASE, pages 165–172. INSTICC, SciTePress.
Vithana, V. N., Asirvatham, D., and Johar, M. (2018). An empirical study on using agile methods in global software development. In 2018 18th International Conference on Advances in ICT for Emerging Regions (ICTer), pages 150–156.
Wieringa, R., Maiden, N., Mead, N., and Rolland, C. (2006). Requirements engineering paper classification and evaluation criteria: A proposal and a discussion. Requir. Eng., 11:102–107.
Wohlin, C., Runeson, P., Höst, M., Ohlsson, M., Regnell, B., and Wesslén, A. (2012). Experimentation in Software Engineering, pages 123–151. Springer.
Batra, D. (2009). Modified agile practices for outsourced software projects. Commun. ACM, 52(9):143–148.
Batra, D., VanderMeer, D., and Dutta, K. (2011). Extending agile principles to larger, dynamic software projects: A theoretical assessment. J. Database Manage., 22(4):73–92.
Cho, J. (2007). Distributed scrum for large-scale and mission-critical projects. In Reaching New Heights. 13th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2007, Colorado, USA, August 9-12, 2007, page 235. Association for Information Systems.
Cruzes, D. S. and Dyba, T. (2011). Recommended steps for thematic synthesis in software engineering. In 2011 International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement, pages 275–284.
Daneva, M., van der Veen, E., Amrit, C., Ghaisas, S., Sikkel, K., Kumar, R., Ajmeri, N., Ramteerthkar, U., and Wieringa, R. (2013). Agile requirements prioritization in large-scale outsourced system projects: An empirical study. Journal of Systems and Software, 86(5):1333–1353.
Dingsøyr, T., Fægri, T. E., and Itkonen, J. (2014). What is large in large-scale? a taxonomy of scale for agile software development. In PROFES.
Dorairaj, S., Noble, J., and Malik, P. (2012). Understanding team dynamics in distributed agile software development. In Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming, pages 47–61, Berlin, Heidelberg. Springer.
Gupta, R. K., Venkatachalapathy, M., and Jeberla, F. K. (2019). Challenges in adopting continuous delivery and devops in a globally distributed product team: A case study of a healthcare organization. In 2019 ACM/IEEE 14th International Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE), pages 30–34.
Gupta, R. S. (2022). Knowledge management and quality control in software outsourcing projects. In Research Anthology on Agile Software, Software Development, and Testing, pages 1484–1510. IGI Global.
Hole, S. and Moe, N. B. (2008). A case study of coordination in distributed agile software development. In Software Process Improvement, pages 189–200, Berlin, Heidelberg. Springer.
Hossain, E., Ali Babar, M., and Verner, J. (2009). Towards a framework for using agile approaches in global software development. In Product-Focused Software Process Improvement, pages 126–140, Berlin, Heidelberg. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Hossain, E., Bannerman, P. L., and Jeffery, R. (2011). Towards an understanding of tailoring scrum in global software development: A multi-case study. In Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Software and Systems Process, ICSSP ’11, page 110–119, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Ivarsson, M. and Gorschek, T. (2011). A method for evaluating rigor and industrial relevance of technology evaluations. Empirical Software Engineering, 16:365–395.
Khan, S. U., Niazi, M., and Ahmad, R. (2011). Factors influencing clients in the selection of offshore software outsourcing vendors: An exploratory study using a systematic literature review. Journal of Systems and Software, 84(4):686–699.
Kitchenham, B. and Charters, S. (2007). Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering. Technical report, Technical report, EBSE Technical Report EBSE-2007-01.
Koch, C., Jørgensen, C., Olsen, M., and Tambo, T. (2014). We all know how, don’t we? on the role of scrum in it-offshoring. In Creating Value for All Through IT, pages 96–112, Berlin, Heidelberg. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Kommeren, R. and Parviainen, P. (2007). Philips experiences in global distributed software development. Empirical Softw. Engg., 12(6):647–660.
Krancher, O. (2020). Agile software development practices and success in outsourced projects: The moderating role of requirements risk. In Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming, pages 56–72, Cham. Springer Publishing.
Kussmaul, C. (2010). Onshore and offshore outsourcing with agility: Lessons learned. In Agility Across Time and Space: Implementing Agile Methods in Global Software Projects, pages 91–106, Berlin, Heidelberg. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Lehtinen, T. O., Virtanen, R., Heikkil¨a, V. T., and Itkonen, J. (2015). Why the development outcome does not meet the product owners’ expectations? In Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming, pages 93–104, Cham. Springer.
Marinho, M., Noll, J., and Beecham, S. (2018). Uncertainty management for global software development teams. In 11th International Conference on the Quality of Information and Communications Technology, pages 238–246, Coimbra, Portugal. IEEE.
Marinho, M., Noll, J., Richardson, I., and Beecham, S. (2019). Plan-driven approaches are alive and kicking in agile global software development. In International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM), pages 1–11, Porto de Galinhas, Brazil. IEEE.
Matthiesen, S. and Bjørn, P. (2017). When distribution of tasks and skills are fundamentally problematic: A failure story from global software outsourcing. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact., 1(CSCW).
NicCanna, C., Razzak, M. A., Noll, J., and Beecham, S. (2021). Globally distributed development during covid-19. In 2021 IEEE/ACM 8th International Workshop on Software Engineering Research and Industrial Practice (SER IP), pages 18–25.
Noordeloos, R.,Manteli, C., and Vliet, H. V. (2012). From rup to scrum in global software development: A case study. In 2012 IEEE Seventh International Conference on Global Software Engineering, pages 31–40.
Paasivaara, M., Durasiewicz, S., and Lassenius, C. (2008a). Distributed agile development: Using scrum in a large project. In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Global Software Engineering, pages 87–95.
Paasivaara, M., Durasiewicz, S., and Lassenius, C. (2008b). Using scrum in a globally distributed project: a case study. Softw. Process. Improv. Pract., 13:527–544.
Paasivaara, M., Durasiewicz, S., and Lassenius, C. (2009). Using scrum in distributed agile development: A multiple case study. In 2009 Fourth IEEE International Conference on Global Software Engineering, pages 195–204.
Paasivaara, M. and Lassenius, C. (2010). Using scrum practices in gsd projects. In Agility Across Time and Space: Implementing Agile Methods in Global Software Projects, pages 259–278, Berlin, Heidelberg. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Paasivaara, M., Väättänen, O., Hallikainen, M., and Lassenius, C. (2014). Supporting a large-scale lean and agile transformation by defining common values. In Agile Methods. Large-Scale Development, Refactoring, Testing, and Estimation, pages 73–82, Cham. Springer International Publishing.
Petersen, K., Feldt, R., Mujtaba, S., and Mattsson, M. (2008). Systematic mapping studies in software engineering. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering, EASE’08, page 68–77, Swindon, GBR. BCS Learning & Development Ltd.
Välimäki, A. and Kääriäinen, J. (2008). Patterns for distributed scrum—a case study. In Enterprise Interoperability III, pages 85–97, London. Springer London.
Vallon., R., Bayrhammer., K., Strobl., S., Bernhart., M., and Grechenig., T. (2013). Identifying critical areas for improvement in agile multi-site co-development. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering - ENASE, pages 165–172. INSTICC, SciTePress.
Vithana, V. N., Asirvatham, D., and Johar, M. (2018). An empirical study on using agile methods in global software development. In 2018 18th International Conference on Advances in ICT for Emerging Regions (ICTer), pages 150–156.
Wieringa, R., Maiden, N., Mead, N., and Rolland, C. (2006). Requirements engineering paper classification and evaluation criteria: A proposal and a discussion. Requir. Eng., 11:102–107.
Wohlin, C., Runeson, P., Höst, M., Ohlsson, M., Regnell, B., and Wesslén, A. (2012). Experimentation in Software Engineering, pages 123–151. Springer.
Publicado
13/06/2022
Como Citar
CAMARA, Rafael; MARINHO, Marcelo; SAMPAIO, Suzana; HONÓRIO, Ivaldir; MOURA, Hermano.
Outsourcing with distributed teams in large-scale environments. In: CONGRESSO IBERO-AMERICANO EM ENGENHARIA DE SOFTWARE (CIBSE), 25. , 2022, Córdoba.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2022
.
p. 218-232.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/cibse.2022.20974.
