A Cross-Level Traceable Modeling for Hybrid Quantum–Classical Software
Resumo
Hybrid quantum–classical software requires engineering approaches that connect stakeholder goals, variability decisions, and architecture under NISQ constraints. We present Quantum Variability Management (QVM), a lightweight, requirements-driven modeling approach that integrates iStar, UVL, and Quantum-UML, through explicit cross-level traceability. QVM defines five rules that relate goals to features, constraints, component stereotypes, and configuration properties such as the provider and qubits. QVM focuses on the requirement-to-variability-to-architecture chain and on the auditable propagation of design changes. We assess the proposal through a scenario-based walkthrough in a logistics case, showing how changes in strategic intent, backend selection, and hardware quality assumptions can be propagated consistently across the three levels. The proposal provides a foundation for controlled reconfiguration in HQC systems, while broader user studies, multi-domain replications, and full tool integration remain future work.Referências
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Wang, L., Ma, C., Feng, X., Zhang, Z., Yang, H., Zhang, J., Chen, Z., Tang, J., Chen, X., Lin, Y., et al. (2024). A survey on large language model based autonomous agents. Frontiers of Computer Science, 18(6):186345.
Weder, B., Barzen, J., Leymann, F., and Vietz, D. (2022). Quantum software development lifecycle. In Quantum Software Engineering, pages 61–83. Springer.
Yousaf, N., Akram, M., Bhatti, A., and Zaib, A. (2019). Investigation of tools, techniques and languages for model driven software product lines (spl): A systematic literature review. Journal of Software Engineering and Applications.
Yu, E. (2001). Agent orientation as a modelling paradigm. Wirtschaftsinformatik, 43(2):123–132.
Zhao, J. (2020). Quantum software engineering: Landscapes and horizons. arXiv preprint 2007.07047.
Benavides, D., Sundermann, C., Feichtinger, K., Galindo, J. A., Rabiser, R., and Thüm, T. (2025). Uvl: Feature modelling with the universal variability language. Journal of systems and software, 225:112326.
Benitez, F., Galindo, J., Romero, D., and Benavides, D. (2025). Uvl web-based editing and analysis with flamapy.ide. In Procs. of 19th Int. Working Conference on Variability Modelling of Software-Intensive Systems (VaMoS’25), page 121–125, NY, USA. ACM.
Binz, T., Breitenbücher, U., Kopp, O., and Leymann, F. (2014). Tosca: Portable automated deployment and management of cloud applications. In Advanced Web Services, pages 527–549. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Dalpiaz, F., Franch, X., and Horkoff, J. (2016). istar 2.0 language guide. arXiv preprint arXiv:1605.07767.
De Stefano, M., Pecorelli, F., and Palomba, F. (2022). Software engineering for quantum programming: How far are we? Journal of Systems and Software, 190.
Galindo, J., Dhungana, D., Rabiser, R., Benavides, D., Botterweck, G., and Grünbacher, P. (2015). Supporting distributed product configuration by integrating heterogeneous variability modeling approaches. Information and Software Technology.
Gómez, J., Ruiz, P. H., Delgado, V. A., and Camacho, M. C. (2024). Collaborative approach for feature models in software product lines. TecnoLógicas.
Khan, A. A., Ahmad, A., Waseem, M., Liang, P.-J., Fahmideh, M., Mikkonen, T., and Abrahamsson, P. (2022). Software architecture for quantum computing systems a systematic review. Journal of Systems and Software.
Kim, J. A. (2024). Variability management mechanism for domain engineering and case study in sunroof control domain. Tehnički glasnik.
Lackner, H. and Schmidt, M. (2015). Potential errors and test assessment in software product line engineering. MBT.
Leymann, F. and Barzen, J. (2021). Hybrid quantum applications need two orchestrations in superposition: A software architecture perspective. arXiv preprint 2103.04320.
Maio, V. D., Brandić, I., Deelman, E., and Cito, J. (2025). The road to hybrid quantum programs: Characterizing the evolution from classical to hybrid quantum software. SIGSOFT FSE Companion.
Navarro, C., Devia, L., Labra Gayo, J. E., and Cares, C. (2025). An agent-oriented model-driven development process for cyber-physical systems. In Ibero-American Conference on Software Engineering (CIbSE 2025), Main Track, pages 150–164. SBC.
Pérez-Castillo, R. and Piattini, M. (2022). Design of classical-quantum systems with uml. Computing, 104(11):2375–2403.
Piattini, M.and Serrano, M., Perez-Castillo, R., Petersen, G., and Hevia, J. (2021). Toward a quantum software engineering. IT Professional, 23(1):62–66.
Pohl, K., Böckle, G., and van Der Linden, F. J. (2005). Software product line engineering: foundations, principles and techniques. Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin, Germany.
Preskill, J. (2018). Quantum computing in the nisq era and beyond. Quantum, 2:79.
Rallis, K., Liliopoulos, I., Varsamis, G. D., Tsipas, E., Karafyllidis, I. G., Sirakoulis, G., and Dimitrakis, P. (2025). Interfacing quantum computing systems with high-performance computing systems: An overview.
Sabzevari, M. T., Esposito, M., Taibi, D., and Khan, A. A. (2024). Qcshqd: Quantum computing as a service for hybrid classical-quantum software development: A vision. QSE-NE@SIGSOFT FSE.
Sepúlveda, S., Cravero, A., Fonseca, G., and Antonelli, L. (2024). Systematic review on requirements engineering in quantum computing: Insights and future directions. Electronics, 13(15):2989.
Shehata, A., Groszkowski, P., Naughton, T. J., Meena, M. G., Wong, E., Claudino, D., da Silva, R. F., and Beck, T. (2025). Bridging paradigms: Designing for hpc-quantum convergence. Future generations computer systems.
Stirbu, V. and Haghparast, M. (2023). Quantum algorithm cards: Streamlining the development of hybrid classical-quantum applications. International Conference on Product Focused Software Process Improvement.
Van Lamsweerde, A. (2001). Goal-oriented requirements engineering: A guided tour. In Proceedings fifth ieee international symposium on requirements engineering, pages 249–262. IEEE.
Wang, L., Ma, C., Feng, X., Zhang, Z., Yang, H., Zhang, J., Chen, Z., Tang, J., Chen, X., Lin, Y., et al. (2024). A survey on large language model based autonomous agents. Frontiers of Computer Science, 18(6):186345.
Weder, B., Barzen, J., Leymann, F., and Vietz, D. (2022). Quantum software development lifecycle. In Quantum Software Engineering, pages 61–83. Springer.
Yousaf, N., Akram, M., Bhatti, A., and Zaib, A. (2019). Investigation of tools, techniques and languages for model driven software product lines (spl): A systematic literature review. Journal of Software Engineering and Applications.
Yu, E. (2001). Agent orientation as a modelling paradigm. Wirtschaftsinformatik, 43(2):123–132.
Zhao, J. (2020). Quantum software engineering: Landscapes and horizons. arXiv preprint 2007.07047.
Publicado
11/05/2026
Como Citar
SEPÚLVEDA, Samuel; NAVARRO, Claudio; CRAVERO, Ania; MOGUEL, Enrique.
A Cross-Level Traceable Modeling for Hybrid Quantum–Classical Software. In: CONGRESSO IBERO-AMERICANO EM ENGENHARIA DE SOFTWARE (CIBSE), 29. , 2026, Recife/PE.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2026
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p. 204-218.
