A Container-Based Software Architecture for Coupling Heterogeneous Agent-Based Evacuation Models using Machine Learning
Resumo
Large-scale disaster simulations often require the integration of heterogeneous systems, such as indoor egress models and city-wide traffic simulators. However, coupling these systems presents significant interoperability and scalability challenges due to high computational costs. This work proposes a modular software architecture to bridge this gap. We developed ”Oráculo”, a containerized microservice system that uses Machine Learning (ML) surrogates to encapsulate the complexity of microscopic Agent-Based Simulations (ABS). The architecture, orchestrated via Docker, allows outdoor simulators to query indoor evacuation rates through a lightweight API, decoupling the internal logic from the external flow. Validation results demonstrate that the ML component achieves an R2 of 0.87, proving that high-fidelity simulation dynamics can be effectively served as efficient software components.
Referências
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Alvarez, P. and Alonso, V. (2018). Using microsimulation software to model large-scale evacuation scenarios. the case of sangüesa and the yesa dam collapse. Safety Science, 106:10–27.
Balboa, A. (2024a). Casandra docker image - version 01. [link]. Accessed: 2024-11-27.
Balboa, A. (2024b). Datos de evacuación generados. [link]. Accessed: 2024-11-27.
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Faucher, J. E., Dávila, S., and Hernández-Cruz, X. (2020). Modeling pedestrian evacuation for near-field tsunamis fusing alcd and agent-based approaches: A case study of rincón, pr. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 49.
Fu, L., Song, W., Lv, W., and Lo, S. (2014). Simulation of emotional contagion using modified sir model: A cellular automaton approach. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 405:380–391.
Goodfellow, I., Bengio, Y., and Courville, A. (2016). Deep Learning. MIT Press. [link].
Gutierrez-Milla, A., Borges, F., Suppi, R., and Luque, E. (2014). Individual-oriented model crowd evacuations distributed simulation. Procedia Computer Science, 29:1600–1609. 2014 International Conference on Computational Science.
Hatayama, M., Kosaka, T., and Hernándeze, A. H. (2018). Analysis on tsunami evacuation options with agent-based simulation in tourist area. In 2018 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Disaster Management (ICT-DM), pages 1–8. IEEE.
Helbing, D. and Molnar, P. (1998). Social Force Model for Pedestrian Dynamics. Physical Review E, 51(5):4282–4286.
Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas (2017). Censo de población y vivienda. Accedido: 2 de junio de 2024.
Kasereka, S., Kasoro, N., Kyamakya, K., Goufo, E. F. D., Chokki, A. P., and Yengo, M. V. (2018). Agent-based modelling and simulation for evacuation of people from a building in case of fire. Procedia Computer Science, 130:10–17.
Kim, H. and Han, S. (2018). Crowd evacuation simulation using active route choice model based on human characteristics. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 87:369–378.
León, J., Castro, S., Mokrani, C., and Gubler, A. (2020). Tsunami evacuation analysis in the urban built environment: a multi-scale perspective through two modeling approaches in viña del mar, chile. Coastal Engineering Journal, 62:389–404.
Mls, K., Kořínek, M., Štekerová, K., Tučník, P., Bureš, V., Čech, P., Husáková, M., Mikulecký, P., Nacházel, T., Ponce, D., Zanker, M., Babič, F., and Triantafyllou, I. (2023). Agent-based models of human response to natural hazards: systematic review of tsunami evacuation.
Muñoz, G. A., Gil-Costa, V., and Marin, M. (2022). Efficient simulation of natural hazard evacuation for seacoast cities. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 81:103300.
Rozo, K. R., Arellana, J., Santander-Mercado, A., and Jubiz-Diaz, M. (2019). Modelling building emergency evacuation plans considering the dynamic behaviour of pedestrians using agent-based simulation. Safety Science, 113:276–284.
Şahin, C., Rokne, J., and Alhajj, R. (2019). Human behavior modeling for simulating evacuation of buildings during emergencies. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 528:121432.
Wilensky, U. (1999). Netlogo. Center for Connected Learning and Computer-Based Modeling, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.
Yuksel, M. E. (2018). Agent-based evacuation modeling with multiple exits using neuroevolution of augmenting topologies. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 35:30–55.
Zheng, L., Peng, X., Wang, L., and Sun, D. (2019). Simulation of pedestrian evacuation considering emergency spread and pedestrian panic. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 522:167–181.
Alvarez, P. and Alonso, V. (2018). Using microsimulation software to model large-scale evacuation scenarios. the case of sangüesa and the yesa dam collapse. Safety Science, 106:10–27.
Balboa, A. (2024a). Casandra docker image - version 01. [link]. Accessed: 2024-11-27.
Balboa, A. (2024b). Datos de evacuación generados. [link]. Accessed: 2024-11-27.
Breiman, L. (2001). Random forests.
Faucher, J. E., Dávila, S., and Hernández-Cruz, X. (2020). Modeling pedestrian evacuation for near-field tsunamis fusing alcd and agent-based approaches: A case study of rincón, pr. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 49.
Fu, L., Song, W., Lv, W., and Lo, S. (2014). Simulation of emotional contagion using modified sir model: A cellular automaton approach. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 405:380–391.
Goodfellow, I., Bengio, Y., and Courville, A. (2016). Deep Learning. MIT Press. [link].
Gutierrez-Milla, A., Borges, F., Suppi, R., and Luque, E. (2014). Individual-oriented model crowd evacuations distributed simulation. Procedia Computer Science, 29:1600–1609. 2014 International Conference on Computational Science.
Hatayama, M., Kosaka, T., and Hernándeze, A. H. (2018). Analysis on tsunami evacuation options with agent-based simulation in tourist area. In 2018 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Disaster Management (ICT-DM), pages 1–8. IEEE.
Helbing, D. and Molnar, P. (1998). Social Force Model for Pedestrian Dynamics. Physical Review E, 51(5):4282–4286.
Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas (2017). Censo de población y vivienda. Accedido: 2 de junio de 2024.
Kasereka, S., Kasoro, N., Kyamakya, K., Goufo, E. F. D., Chokki, A. P., and Yengo, M. V. (2018). Agent-based modelling and simulation for evacuation of people from a building in case of fire. Procedia Computer Science, 130:10–17.
Kim, H. and Han, S. (2018). Crowd evacuation simulation using active route choice model based on human characteristics. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 87:369–378.
León, J., Castro, S., Mokrani, C., and Gubler, A. (2020). Tsunami evacuation analysis in the urban built environment: a multi-scale perspective through two modeling approaches in viña del mar, chile. Coastal Engineering Journal, 62:389–404.
Mls, K., Kořínek, M., Štekerová, K., Tučník, P., Bureš, V., Čech, P., Husáková, M., Mikulecký, P., Nacházel, T., Ponce, D., Zanker, M., Babič, F., and Triantafyllou, I. (2023). Agent-based models of human response to natural hazards: systematic review of tsunami evacuation.
Muñoz, G. A., Gil-Costa, V., and Marin, M. (2022). Efficient simulation of natural hazard evacuation for seacoast cities. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 81:103300.
Rozo, K. R., Arellana, J., Santander-Mercado, A., and Jubiz-Diaz, M. (2019). Modelling building emergency evacuation plans considering the dynamic behaviour of pedestrians using agent-based simulation. Safety Science, 113:276–284.
Şahin, C., Rokne, J., and Alhajj, R. (2019). Human behavior modeling for simulating evacuation of buildings during emergencies. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 528:121432.
Wilensky, U. (1999). Netlogo. Center for Connected Learning and Computer-Based Modeling, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.
Yuksel, M. E. (2018). Agent-based evacuation modeling with multiple exits using neuroevolution of augmenting topologies. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 35:30–55.
Zheng, L., Peng, X., Wang, L., and Sun, D. (2019). Simulation of pedestrian evacuation considering emergency spread and pedestrian panic. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 522:167–181.
Publicado
11/05/2026
Como Citar
CARVAJAL, Aracelly S. Balboa; MUÑOZ, Gabriel Astudillo; NOEL, Rene.
A Container-Based Software Architecture for Coupling Heterogeneous Agent-Based Evacuation Models using Machine Learning. In: CONGRESSO IBERO-AMERICANO EM ENGENHARIA DE SOFTWARE (CIBSE), 29. , 2026, Recife/PE.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2026
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p. 264-278.
