Security Aspects in an Intelligent Lighting System for Public Squares using Fog Computing
Resumo
Security in public spaces is a fundamental factor for citizens and can be provided by digital tools such as remote sensing. However, the security of such tools is also an important issue, and violating this security can lead to the susceptibility of loss of security in public spaces. This work presents a use case where an authentication solution is applied to ensure security in a smart lighting system in public squares. The use case, the adversary and its motivation, the threat modeling of the system, and a general discussion about this study are presented. As a result, a threat model with countermeasures is presented, and security aspects brought about by the use of the adopted multi-factor authentication mechanism with reputation are discussed.
Palavras-chave:
Smart cities, Security
Referências
Bezerra, W. D. R., Boing, R. D. N., de Souza, C. A., and Westphall, C. B. (2023a). An experimentation on CoAP multi-factor authentication mechanism with reputation for Internet of Things constrained devices and low power wide area network. In 2023 International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN), pages 67–72. IEEE.
Bezerra, W. R., Martina, J. E., and Westphall, C. B. (2023b). A formal verification of a reputation multi-factor authentication mechanism for constrained devices and low-power wide-area network using temporal logic. Sensors, 23(15):6933.
Biundini, I. Z., Pinto, M. F., Honorio, L. M., Capretz, M. A., Timotheo, A. O., Dantas, M. A., and Villela, P. C. (2024). Loracell-driven IoT smart lighting systems: Sustainability in urban infrastructure. Sensors, 24(2):574.
Deep, S., Zheng, X., and Hamey, L. (2019). A survey of security and privacy issues in the Internet of Things from the layered context. arXiv preprint arXiv:1903.00846.
Dolev, D. and Yao, A. (1983). On the security of public key protocols. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 29(2):198–208.
dos Reis Bezerra, W. and Westphall, C. B. (2020). Avaliação de desempenho de protocolos de mensagens com arquitetura publish/subscribe no ambiente de computação em nevoeiro: um estudo sobre desempenho do MQTT, AMQP e STOMP. In Anais do Workshop de Pesquisa Experimental da Internet do Futuro, pages 7–12. SBC.
Foster, E. D. and Deardorff, A. (2017). Open science framework (OSF). Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA, 105(2):203.
Hosseini, M., Horbach, S. P., Holmes, K., and Ross-Hellauer, T. (2025). Open science at the generative AI turn: An exploratory analysis of challenges and opportunities. Quantitative Science Studies, 6:22–45.
Masri, M., Liestyowati, D., Andiyan, A., and Husolihah, A. (2024). Smart energy public street lighting system. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, volume 1301, page 012008. IOP Publishing.
Miessler, D. (2015). Securing the Internet of Things: Mapping attack surface areas using the OWASP IoT Top 10. In RSA Conference.
Mirowski, P. (2018). The future(s) of open science. Social Studies of Science, 48(2):171–203.
Pordes, R., Petravick, D., Kramer, B., Olson, D., Livny, M., Roy, A., Avery, P., Blackburn, K., Wenaus, T., Wurthwein, F., et al. (2007). The Open Science Grid. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, volume 78.
Srinivasan, S., Shoba, L., Alavanthar, T., Srinivasan, C., Murugan, S., and Sujatha, S. (2024). IoT-enabled horticultural lighting for optimizing plant growth and agriculture operations. In 2024 2nd International Conference on Networking and Communications (ICNWC), pages 1–7. IEEE.
Tiburski, R. T., Moratelli, C. R., Johann, S. F., Neves, M. V., de Matos, E., Amaral, L. A., and Hessel, F. (2019). Lightweight security architecture based on embedded virtualization and trust mechanisms for IoT edge devices. IEEE Communications Magazine, 57(2):67–73.
Von Bertalanffy, L. (1968). General system theory. New York, 41973(1968):40.
Yi, S., Hao, Z., Qin, Z., and Li, Q. (2015). Fog computing: Platform and applications. In 2015 Third IEEE Workshop on Hot Topics in Web Systems and Technologies (HotWeb), pages 73–78. IEEE.
Bezerra, W. R., Martina, J. E., and Westphall, C. B. (2023b). A formal verification of a reputation multi-factor authentication mechanism for constrained devices and low-power wide-area network using temporal logic. Sensors, 23(15):6933.
Biundini, I. Z., Pinto, M. F., Honorio, L. M., Capretz, M. A., Timotheo, A. O., Dantas, M. A., and Villela, P. C. (2024). Loracell-driven IoT smart lighting systems: Sustainability in urban infrastructure. Sensors, 24(2):574.
Deep, S., Zheng, X., and Hamey, L. (2019). A survey of security and privacy issues in the Internet of Things from the layered context. arXiv preprint arXiv:1903.00846.
Dolev, D. and Yao, A. (1983). On the security of public key protocols. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 29(2):198–208.
dos Reis Bezerra, W. and Westphall, C. B. (2020). Avaliação de desempenho de protocolos de mensagens com arquitetura publish/subscribe no ambiente de computação em nevoeiro: um estudo sobre desempenho do MQTT, AMQP e STOMP. In Anais do Workshop de Pesquisa Experimental da Internet do Futuro, pages 7–12. SBC.
Foster, E. D. and Deardorff, A. (2017). Open science framework (OSF). Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA, 105(2):203.
Hosseini, M., Horbach, S. P., Holmes, K., and Ross-Hellauer, T. (2025). Open science at the generative AI turn: An exploratory analysis of challenges and opportunities. Quantitative Science Studies, 6:22–45.
Masri, M., Liestyowati, D., Andiyan, A., and Husolihah, A. (2024). Smart energy public street lighting system. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, volume 1301, page 012008. IOP Publishing.
Miessler, D. (2015). Securing the Internet of Things: Mapping attack surface areas using the OWASP IoT Top 10. In RSA Conference.
Mirowski, P. (2018). The future(s) of open science. Social Studies of Science, 48(2):171–203.
Pordes, R., Petravick, D., Kramer, B., Olson, D., Livny, M., Roy, A., Avery, P., Blackburn, K., Wenaus, T., Wurthwein, F., et al. (2007). The Open Science Grid. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, volume 78.
Srinivasan, S., Shoba, L., Alavanthar, T., Srinivasan, C., Murugan, S., and Sujatha, S. (2024). IoT-enabled horticultural lighting for optimizing plant growth and agriculture operations. In 2024 2nd International Conference on Networking and Communications (ICNWC), pages 1–7. IEEE.
Tiburski, R. T., Moratelli, C. R., Johann, S. F., Neves, M. V., de Matos, E., Amaral, L. A., and Hessel, F. (2019). Lightweight security architecture based on embedded virtualization and trust mechanisms for IoT edge devices. IEEE Communications Magazine, 57(2):67–73.
Von Bertalanffy, L. (1968). General system theory. New York, 41973(1968):40.
Yi, S., Hao, Z., Qin, Z., and Li, Q. (2015). Fog computing: Platform and applications. In 2015 Third IEEE Workshop on Hot Topics in Web Systems and Technologies (HotWeb), pages 73–78. IEEE.
Publicado
19/05/2025
Como Citar
BEZERRA, Wesley R.; SOUZA, Cristiano A.; WESTPHALL, Carla M.; WESTPHALL, Carlos B..
Security Aspects in an Intelligent Lighting System for Public Squares using Fog Computing. In: WORKSHOP DE COMPUTAÇÃO URBANA (COURB), 9. , 2025, Natal/RN.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2025
.
p. 196-208.
ISSN 2595-2706.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/courb.2025.9501.
