Ethics in AI: how software development companies in Brazil deal with the ethical implications of AI technologies
Resumo
The use of AI technologies has become increasingly common in the software development industry. Although the ethical challenges of using these technologies have been the subject of numerous academic studies, little is known about AI software development practices. Furthermore, there are currently no effective methods and frameworks to help implement ethics at a project level. Given this context, we carried out an empirical study in order to better understand how software development companies in Brazil deal with the ethics of AI in practice. The results highlighted a lack of clarity in standard guidelines and a lack of concern about the ethical implications imposed by the use of AI technologies, suggesting that the governance of AI systems based on principled ethical guidelines is not enough to establish norms to the AI industry and its developers.
Palavras-chave:
Artificial Intelligence, AI ethics, Practices in AI software development, Empirical Study
Referências
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Carrillo, M. R. (2020). Artificial Intelligence: From ethics to law. Telecommunications Policy, 44(6):101937.
Carvalho, L. P., Murakami, L., Suzano, J. A., Oliveira, J., Revoredo, K., and Santoro, F. M. (2022). Ethics: What is the research scenario in the brazilian conference bracis? In Anais do XIX Encontro Nacional de Inteligência Artificial e Computacional, pages 624–635. SBC.
Corrêa, N. K., de Oliveira, N. F., and Massmann, D. F. (2022). Sobre a Eficiência da ética como Ferramenta de Governança da Inteligência Artificial. Veritas (PortoAlegre), 67(1):e42584–e42584.
Denning, P. J. and Denning, D. E. (2020). Dilemmas of Artificial Intelligence. Communications of the ACM, 63(3):22–24.
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Garcia, A. C. (2020). E ́tica e inteligencia artificial. Computação Brasil, pages 14–22.
Ileberi, E., Sun, Y., and Wang, Z. (2022). A machine learning based credit card fraud detection using the ga algorithm for feature selection. Journal of Big Data, 9(1):1–17.
Kaur, G. and Sharma, A. (2023). A deep learning-based model using hybrid feature extraction approach for consumer sentiment analysis. Journal of Big Data, 10(1):1–23.
Larson, J., Mattu, S., Kirchner, L., and Angwin, J. (2016). How We Analyzed The Compas Recidivism Algorithm, 2016. URL [link].
Madiega, T. A. (2019). Eu guidelines on ethics in artificial intelligence: Context and implementation.
McNamara, A., Smith, J., and Murphy-Hill, E. (2018). Does ACM’s Code of Ethics Change Ethical Decision Making in Software Development? In Proceedings of the 2018 26th ACM joint meeting on european software engineering conference and symposium on the foundations of software engineering, pages 729–733.
Obermeyer, Z., Powers, B., Vogeli, C., and Mullainathan, S. (2019). Dissecting Racial Bias in an Algorithm Used to Manage the Health of Populations. Science, 366(6464):447–453.
Piteira, M., Aparicio, M., and Costa, C. J. (2019). Ethics of Artificial Intelligence: Challenges. In 14th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI), pages 1–6. IEEE.
Rossetti, R. and Angeluci, A. (2021). E ́tica algorítmica: questões e desafios éticos do avanço tecnológico da sociedade da informação. Galáxia (São Paulo).
Silva, R. L. d. and Silva, F. d. S. R. d. (2019). Reconhecimento facial e segurança pública: os perigos do uso da tecnologia no sistema penal seletivo brasileiro. In Congresso Internacional de Direito e Contemporaneidade, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, volume 5.
Vakkuri, V., Kemell, K.-K., and Abrahamsson, P. (2019). AI Ethics in Industry: A research framework. In Proceedings of the Third Seminar on Technology Ethics - Tethics, pages 49–60.
Vakkuri, V., Kemell, K.-K., Jantunen, M., and Abrahamsson, P. (2020). This is Just a Prototype”: How ethics are ignored in software startup-like environments. In Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming: 21st International Conference on Agile Software Development, XP 2020, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 8–12, 2020, Proceedings 21, pages 195–210. Springer International Publishing.
Borges, G. and FILÓ, M (2021). Inteligência Artificial, Gênero e Direitos Humanos: O Caso Amazon. Revista Justiça do Direito, 35(3):218–243.
Carrillo, M. R. (2020). Artificial Intelligence: From ethics to law. Telecommunications Policy, 44(6):101937.
Carvalho, L. P., Murakami, L., Suzano, J. A., Oliveira, J., Revoredo, K., and Santoro, F. M. (2022). Ethics: What is the research scenario in the brazilian conference bracis? In Anais do XIX Encontro Nacional de Inteligência Artificial e Computacional, pages 624–635. SBC.
Corrêa, N. K., de Oliveira, N. F., and Massmann, D. F. (2022). Sobre a Eficiência da ética como Ferramenta de Governança da Inteligência Artificial. Veritas (PortoAlegre), 67(1):e42584–e42584.
Denning, P. J. and Denning, D. E. (2020). Dilemmas of Artificial Intelligence. Communications of the ACM, 63(3):22–24.
Etzioni, A. and Etzioni, O. (2017). Incorporating Ethics into Artificial Intelligence. The Journal of Ethics, 21:403–418.
Garcia, A. C. (2020). E ́tica e inteligencia artificial. Computação Brasil, pages 14–22.
Ileberi, E., Sun, Y., and Wang, Z. (2022). A machine learning based credit card fraud detection using the ga algorithm for feature selection. Journal of Big Data, 9(1):1–17.
Kaur, G. and Sharma, A. (2023). A deep learning-based model using hybrid feature extraction approach for consumer sentiment analysis. Journal of Big Data, 10(1):1–23.
Larson, J., Mattu, S., Kirchner, L., and Angwin, J. (2016). How We Analyzed The Compas Recidivism Algorithm, 2016. URL [link].
Madiega, T. A. (2019). Eu guidelines on ethics in artificial intelligence: Context and implementation.
McNamara, A., Smith, J., and Murphy-Hill, E. (2018). Does ACM’s Code of Ethics Change Ethical Decision Making in Software Development? In Proceedings of the 2018 26th ACM joint meeting on european software engineering conference and symposium on the foundations of software engineering, pages 729–733.
Obermeyer, Z., Powers, B., Vogeli, C., and Mullainathan, S. (2019). Dissecting Racial Bias in an Algorithm Used to Manage the Health of Populations. Science, 366(6464):447–453.
Piteira, M., Aparicio, M., and Costa, C. J. (2019). Ethics of Artificial Intelligence: Challenges. In 14th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI), pages 1–6. IEEE.
Rossetti, R. and Angeluci, A. (2021). E ́tica algorítmica: questões e desafios éticos do avanço tecnológico da sociedade da informação. Galáxia (São Paulo).
Silva, R. L. d. and Silva, F. d. S. R. d. (2019). Reconhecimento facial e segurança pública: os perigos do uso da tecnologia no sistema penal seletivo brasileiro. In Congresso Internacional de Direito e Contemporaneidade, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, volume 5.
Vakkuri, V., Kemell, K.-K., and Abrahamsson, P. (2019). AI Ethics in Industry: A research framework. In Proceedings of the Third Seminar on Technology Ethics - Tethics, pages 49–60.
Vakkuri, V., Kemell, K.-K., Jantunen, M., and Abrahamsson, P. (2020). This is Just a Prototype”: How ethics are ignored in software startup-like environments. In Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming: 21st International Conference on Agile Software Development, XP 2020, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 8–12, 2020, Proceedings 21, pages 195–210. Springer International Publishing.
Publicado
25/09/2023
Como Citar
DA SILVA, Lucas Gabriel Teixeira; SENO, Eloize Rossi Marques.
Ethics in AI: how software development companies in Brazil deal with the ethical implications of AI technologies. In: ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL E COMPUTACIONAL (ENIAC), 20. , 2023, Belo Horizonte/MG.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2023
.
p. 156-168.
ISSN 2763-9061.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/eniac.2023.233866.
