Arquitetura híbrida para Loterias em Blockchain com compressão de estado via Merkle Tree
Resumo
Este artigo apresenta uma arquitetura para loterias descentralizadas na rede Ethereum, baseada em contratos inteligentes, aleatoriedade verificável e otimização de armazenamento por meio de Merkle Tree. A proposta visa reduzir o custo médio das transações (gas fees) e aprimorar a escalabilidade onchain, comparando três abordagens distintas de armazenamento: array, mapping e Merkle Tree. Os resultados mostram que o consumo de gas evidencia uma vantagem expressiva da Merkle Tree, reduzindo em até três ordens de magnitude o custo total, o que confirma sua eficiência e potencial para aplicações descentralizadas de alta demanda.Referências
Antonopoulos, A. M. and Wood, G. (2018). Mastering Ethereum: Building Smart Contracts and DApps. O’Reilly Media.
Breidenbach, L., Cachin, C., Chan, B., Coventry, A., Ellis, S., Juels, A., Koushanfar, F., Miller, A., Magauran, B., and et al., D. M. (2021). Chainlink 2.0: Next steps in the evolution of decentralized oracle networks. Chainlink Labs, 1:1–136.
Bubolz, A. G., Lucca, G., Oliveira, L. d. S., Teixeira, T., Berri, R. A., Borges, E. N., and Dalmazo, B. L. (2025). Analysis of bitcoin trends through the integration of on-chain financial indicators and machine learning. In Gervasi, O., Murgante, B., Garau, C., Karaca, Y., Taniar, D., C. Rocha, A. M. A., and Apduhan, B. O., editors, Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2025, pages 35–50, Cham. Springer Nature Switzerland.
Buterin, V. (2013). Ethereum white paper. GitHub Repository. Available at: [link].
Filippi, P. D., Wray, C., and Sileno, G. (2021). Smart contracts. Internet Policy Review, 10(2):1–9.
G. Bubolz, A., C. Freitas, M., Lucca, G., A. Berri, R., N. Borges, E., and L. Dalmazo, B. (2025). Towards bitcoin trend prediction: A machine learning approach using blockchain-derived data. In Martínez, L., Camacho, D., Yin, H., Dutta, B., Yera, R., Rodríguez Domínguez, R. M., and Tallón-Ballesteros, A., editors, Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning – IDEAL 2025, pages 471–482, Cham. Springer Nature Switzerland.
Hardhat - Ethereum Foundation (s.d.). Hardhat documentation. [link]. Acesso em: 6 jul. 2025.
Hire, A., Lanjewar, H., Haridas, P., Jadhav, M., and Rane, M. (2023). Decentralized lottery using blockchain. In Proceedings of the 2023 3rd International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Social Networking (ICPCSN), pages 1035–1041. IEEE.
Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Online: [link].
Pan, Y., Zhao, Y., Liu, X., Wang, G., and Su, M. (2022). Fplotto: A fair blockchain-based lottery scheme for privacy protection. In Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain), pages 21–28. IEEE.
Santo, Y., Immich, R., Dalmazo, B. L., and Riker, A. (2023). Fault detection on the edge and adaptive communication for state of alert in industrial internet of things. Sensors, 23(7).
Sher, G. (1980). What makes a lottery fair? Noûs, pages 203–216.
Zhang, Y., Yang, J., Lei, H., Bao, Z., Lu, N., Shi, W., and Chen, B. (2024). Verifiable random function schemes based on sm2 digital signature algorithm and its applications for committee elections. IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society.
Breidenbach, L., Cachin, C., Chan, B., Coventry, A., Ellis, S., Juels, A., Koushanfar, F., Miller, A., Magauran, B., and et al., D. M. (2021). Chainlink 2.0: Next steps in the evolution of decentralized oracle networks. Chainlink Labs, 1:1–136.
Bubolz, A. G., Lucca, G., Oliveira, L. d. S., Teixeira, T., Berri, R. A., Borges, E. N., and Dalmazo, B. L. (2025). Analysis of bitcoin trends through the integration of on-chain financial indicators and machine learning. In Gervasi, O., Murgante, B., Garau, C., Karaca, Y., Taniar, D., C. Rocha, A. M. A., and Apduhan, B. O., editors, Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2025, pages 35–50, Cham. Springer Nature Switzerland.
Buterin, V. (2013). Ethereum white paper. GitHub Repository. Available at: [link].
Filippi, P. D., Wray, C., and Sileno, G. (2021). Smart contracts. Internet Policy Review, 10(2):1–9.
G. Bubolz, A., C. Freitas, M., Lucca, G., A. Berri, R., N. Borges, E., and L. Dalmazo, B. (2025). Towards bitcoin trend prediction: A machine learning approach using blockchain-derived data. In Martínez, L., Camacho, D., Yin, H., Dutta, B., Yera, R., Rodríguez Domínguez, R. M., and Tallón-Ballesteros, A., editors, Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning – IDEAL 2025, pages 471–482, Cham. Springer Nature Switzerland.
Hardhat - Ethereum Foundation (s.d.). Hardhat documentation. [link]. Acesso em: 6 jul. 2025.
Hire, A., Lanjewar, H., Haridas, P., Jadhav, M., and Rane, M. (2023). Decentralized lottery using blockchain. In Proceedings of the 2023 3rd International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Social Networking (ICPCSN), pages 1035–1041. IEEE.
Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Online: [link].
Pan, Y., Zhao, Y., Liu, X., Wang, G., and Su, M. (2022). Fplotto: A fair blockchain-based lottery scheme for privacy protection. In Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain), pages 21–28. IEEE.
Santo, Y., Immich, R., Dalmazo, B. L., and Riker, A. (2023). Fault detection on the edge and adaptive communication for state of alert in industrial internet of things. Sensors, 23(7).
Sher, G. (1980). What makes a lottery fair? Noûs, pages 203–216.
Zhang, Y., Yang, J., Lei, H., Bao, Z., Lu, N., Shi, W., and Chen, B. (2024). Verifiable random function schemes based on sm2 digital signature algorithm and its applications for committee elections. IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society.
Publicado
08/12/2025
Como Citar
MORAES, Romulo de; BUBOLZ, Arthur G.; AYRES, Denner G.; PINTO, Vinícius G.; DALMAZO, Bruno L..
Arquitetura híbrida para Loterias em Blockchain com compressão de estado via Merkle Tree. In: ESCOLA REGIONAL DE REDES DE COMPUTADORES (ERRC), 22. , 2025, Porto Alegre/RS.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2025
.
p. 8-13.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/errc.2025.17645.
