Acessibilidade no desenvolvimento de aplicativos móveis: uma revisão sistemática sobre problemas recorrentes, métodos de verifcação e ferramentas
Resumo
Introdução: Com a popularização dos smartphones, houve um aumento na oferta de aplicativos para dispositivos móveis. Entretanto, ainda que possam auxiliar na inclusão digital e facilitar atividades do cotidiano, eles podem representar uma barreira para pessoas com deficiência, caso não tenham sido desenvolvidos considerando critérios de acessibilidade. Objetivo: Esta pesquisa buscou sistematizar os conhecimentos sobre acessibilidade de aplicativos. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura publicada entre 2016 e 2025. Resultados: Foram identificados os problemas mais recorrentes, bem como ferramentas e métodos mais mencionados. Por fim, foram destacadas limitações e vantagens nas abordagens adotadas.
Palavras-chave:
Avaliação de acessibilidade, Desenvolvimento móvel, Acessibilidade móvel, Análise de acessibilidade
Referências
Acosta-Vargas, P., Guaña-Moya, J., Jadán-Guerrero, J., Alvites-Huamaní, C., e SalvadorUllauri, L. (2021a). Towards accessibility assessment with a combined approach for native mobile applications. In Nunes, I. L., editor, Advances in Human Factors and System Interactions, pages 234–241, Cham. Springer International Publishing.
Acosta-Vargas, P., Salvador-Acosta, B., Salvador-Ullauri, L., Villegas-Ch., W., e Gonzalez, M. (2021b). Accessibility in native mobile applications for users with disabilities: A scoping review. Applied Sciences, 11(12).
Acosta-Vargas, P., Serrano-Costales, L., Salvador-Ullauri, L., Nunes, I. I., e Gonzalez, M. (2020). Toward accessible mobile application development for users with low vision. In Advances in Human Factors and Systems Interaction: Proceedings of the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conference on Human Factors and Systems Interaction, July 16-20, 2020, USA, pages 236–241. Springer.
Acosta-Vargas, P., Zalakeviciute, R., Luján-Mora, S., e Perdomo, W. (2019). Accessibility Evaluation of Mobile Applications for Monitoring Air Quality: Helping Teachers Develop Research Informed Practice, pages 638–648.
Alshayban, A., Ahmed, I., e Malek, S. (2020). Accessibility issues in android apps: state of affairs, sentiments, and ways forward. In Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE ’20, page 1323–1334, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Apple Inc. (2025). Accessibility Inspector. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 26 jan. 2025.
Bi, T., Xia, X., Lo, D., Grundy, J., Zimmermann, T., e Ford, D. (2022). Accessibility in software practice: A practitioner’s perspective. ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol., 31(4).
Chen, S., Chen, C., Fan, L., Fan, M., Zhan, X., e Liu, Y. (2022). Accessible or not? an empirical investigation of android app accessibility. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 48(10):3954–3968.
Dos Santos, P. S. H., Oliveira, A. D. A., De Jesus, T. B. N., Aljedaani, W., e Eler, M. M. (2024). Evolution may come with a price: analyzing user reviews to understand the impact of updates on mobile apps accessibility. In Proceedings of the XXII Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC ’23, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Eler, M. M., Rojas, J. M., Ge, Y., e Fraser, G. (2018). Automated accessibility testing of mobile apps. In 2018 IEEE 11th International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST), pages 116–126.
Epic Games (2025). Unreal Engine. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 15 jan. 2025.
Fok, R., Zhong, M., Ross, A. S., Fogarty, J., e Wobbrock, J. O. (2022). A large-scale longitudinal analysis of missing label accessibility failures in android apps. In Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI ’22, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Google (2025a). Earlgrey. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2025.
Google (2025b). Espresso | teste seu aplicativo no android. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2025.
Google (2025c). Melhorar seu código com verificações de lint. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 25 jan. 2025.
Google (2025d). Testar a acessibilidade do seu app. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 26 jan. 2025.
Hao, S., Liu, B., Nath, S., Halfond, W., e Govindan, R. (2014). Puma: programmable ui-automation for large-scale dynamic analysis of mobile apps.
He, Z., Huq, S. F., e Malek, S. (2024). "I tend to view ads almost like a pestilence": On the Accessibility Implications of Mobile Ads for Blind Users. In Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM 46th International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE ’24, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
KIF (2025). Kif - keep it functional. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2025.
Krainz, E., Miesenberger, K., e Feiner, J. (2018). Can we improve app accessibility with advanced development methods? In Computers Helping People with Special Needs: 16th International Conference, ICCHP 2018, Linz, Austria, July 11-13, 2018, Proceedings, Part I, page 64–70, Berlin, Heidelberg. Springer-Verlag.
Laricchia, F. (2024). Global smartphone penetration 2016-2023. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 22 fev. 2025.
Li, L., Bissyandé, T., Papadakis, M., Rasthofer, S., Bartel, A., Octeau, D., Klein, J., e Le Traon, Y. (2017). Static analysis of android apps: A systematic literature review. Information and Software Technology, 88.
Masruroh, S. U., Rizqy Vitalaya, N. A., Sukmana, H. T., Subchi, I., Khairani, D., e Durachman, Y. (2022). Evaluation of usability and accessibility of mobile application for people with disability: Systematic literature review. In 2022 International Conference on Science and Technology (ICOSTECH), pages 1–7.
Mateus, D. A., Silva, C. A., de Oliveira, A. F. B. A., Costa, H., e Freire, A. P. (2021). A systematic mapping of accessibility problems encountered on websites and mobile apps: A comparison between automated tests, manual inspections and user evaluations. Journal on Interactive Systems, 12(1):145–171.
Oliveira, A. e Eler, M. (2024). Exploring accessibility of mobile applications through user feedback: Insights from app reviews in a systematic literature review. In Anais do XXIII Simpósio Brasileiro sobre Fatores Humanos em Sistemas Computacionais, pages 633–647, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC.
Pereira, R., Darin, T., e Silveira, M. (2024). Grandihc-br: Grand research challenges in human-computer interaction in brazil for 2025-2035. In Anais do XXIII Simpósio Brasileiro sobre Fatores Humanos em Sistemas Computacionais, pages 915–938, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC.
Prisma Statements (2020). Prisma 2020. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 20 nov. 2024.
Robolectric (2025). Robolectric. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2025.
Ross, A. S., Zhang, X., Fogarty, J., e Wobbrock, J. O. (2017). Epidemiology as a framework for large-scale mobile application accessibility assessment. In Proceedings of the 19th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, ASSETS ’17, page 2–11, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Ross, A. S., Zhang, X., Fogarty, J., e Wobbrock, J. O. (2018). Examining image-based button labeling for accessibility in android apps through large-scale analysis. In Proceedings of the 20th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, ASSETS ’18, page 119–130, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Salehnamadi, N., Mehralian, F., e Malek, S. (2023). Groundhog: An automated accessibility crawler for mobile apps. In Proceedings of the 37th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, ASE ’22, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Santiago, M. T. e Marques, A. B. (2023). Exploring user reviews to identify accessibility problems in applications for autistic users. Journal on Interactive Systems, 14(1):317–330.
Seixas Pereira, L., Matos, M., e Duarte, C. (2024). Exploring mobile device accessibility: Challenges, insights, and recommendations for evaluation methodologies. In Proceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI ’24, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Siebra, C. A., Correia, W., Penha, M., Macêdo, J., Quintino, J., Anjos, M., Florentin, F., Silva, F. Q. B., e Santos, A. L. M. (2018). An analysis on tools for accessibility evaluation in mobile applications. In Proceedings of the XXXII Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering, SBES ’18, page 172–177, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Silva, C., Eler, M. M., e Fraser, G. (2018). A survey on the tool support for the automatic evaluation of mobile accessibility. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Software Development and Technologies for Enhancing Accessibility and Fighting Info-Exclusion, DSAI ’18, page 286–293, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Silva, H., Endo, A., Eler, M., Vergilio, S., e Durelli, V. (2020). On the relation between code elements and accessibility issues in android apps.
Swearngin, A., Wu, J., Zhang, X., Gomez, E., Coughenour, J., Stukenborg, R., Garg, B., Hughes, G., Hilliard, A., Bigham, J. P., e Nichols, J. (2024). Towards automated accessibility report generation for mobile apps. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact., 31(4).
Unity Technologies (2025). Unity. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 15 jan. 2025.
W3C Brasil (2025). Conhecendo o W3C. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 24 fev. 2025.
W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (1999). Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 24 fev. 2025.
W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) (2025). What’s New in WCAG 2.2. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 16 fev. 2025.
Wohlin, C., Runeson, P., Höst, M., Ohlsson, M. C., Regnell, B., Wesslén, A., et al. (2012). Experimentation in software engineering, volume 236. Springer.
World Health Organization (2023). Disability and health. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 22 out. 2024.
Zhang, X., de Greef, L., Swearngin, A., White, S., Murray, K., Yu, L., Shan, Q., Nichols, J., Wu, J., Fleizach, C., Everitt, A., e Bigham, J. P. (2021). Screen recognition: Creating accessibility metadata for mobile applications from pixels. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI ’21, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Zhang, X., Ross, A. S., e Fogarty, J. (2018). Robust annotation of mobile application interfaces in methods for accessibility repair and enhancement. In Proceedings of the 31st Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, UIST ’18, page 609–621, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Acosta-Vargas, P., Salvador-Acosta, B., Salvador-Ullauri, L., Villegas-Ch., W., e Gonzalez, M. (2021b). Accessibility in native mobile applications for users with disabilities: A scoping review. Applied Sciences, 11(12).
Acosta-Vargas, P., Serrano-Costales, L., Salvador-Ullauri, L., Nunes, I. I., e Gonzalez, M. (2020). Toward accessible mobile application development for users with low vision. In Advances in Human Factors and Systems Interaction: Proceedings of the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conference on Human Factors and Systems Interaction, July 16-20, 2020, USA, pages 236–241. Springer.
Acosta-Vargas, P., Zalakeviciute, R., Luján-Mora, S., e Perdomo, W. (2019). Accessibility Evaluation of Mobile Applications for Monitoring Air Quality: Helping Teachers Develop Research Informed Practice, pages 638–648.
Alshayban, A., Ahmed, I., e Malek, S. (2020). Accessibility issues in android apps: state of affairs, sentiments, and ways forward. In Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE ’20, page 1323–1334, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Apple Inc. (2025). Accessibility Inspector. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 26 jan. 2025.
Bi, T., Xia, X., Lo, D., Grundy, J., Zimmermann, T., e Ford, D. (2022). Accessibility in software practice: A practitioner’s perspective. ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol., 31(4).
Chen, S., Chen, C., Fan, L., Fan, M., Zhan, X., e Liu, Y. (2022). Accessible or not? an empirical investigation of android app accessibility. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 48(10):3954–3968.
Dos Santos, P. S. H., Oliveira, A. D. A., De Jesus, T. B. N., Aljedaani, W., e Eler, M. M. (2024). Evolution may come with a price: analyzing user reviews to understand the impact of updates on mobile apps accessibility. In Proceedings of the XXII Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems, IHC ’23, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Eler, M. M., Rojas, J. M., Ge, Y., e Fraser, G. (2018). Automated accessibility testing of mobile apps. In 2018 IEEE 11th International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST), pages 116–126.
Epic Games (2025). Unreal Engine. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 15 jan. 2025.
Fok, R., Zhong, M., Ross, A. S., Fogarty, J., e Wobbrock, J. O. (2022). A large-scale longitudinal analysis of missing label accessibility failures in android apps. In Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI ’22, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Google (2025a). Earlgrey. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2025.
Google (2025b). Espresso | teste seu aplicativo no android. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2025.
Google (2025c). Melhorar seu código com verificações de lint. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 25 jan. 2025.
Google (2025d). Testar a acessibilidade do seu app. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 26 jan. 2025.
Hao, S., Liu, B., Nath, S., Halfond, W., e Govindan, R. (2014). Puma: programmable ui-automation for large-scale dynamic analysis of mobile apps.
He, Z., Huq, S. F., e Malek, S. (2024). "I tend to view ads almost like a pestilence": On the Accessibility Implications of Mobile Ads for Blind Users. In Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM 46th International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE ’24, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
KIF (2025). Kif - keep it functional. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2025.
Krainz, E., Miesenberger, K., e Feiner, J. (2018). Can we improve app accessibility with advanced development methods? In Computers Helping People with Special Needs: 16th International Conference, ICCHP 2018, Linz, Austria, July 11-13, 2018, Proceedings, Part I, page 64–70, Berlin, Heidelberg. Springer-Verlag.
Laricchia, F. (2024). Global smartphone penetration 2016-2023. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 22 fev. 2025.
Li, L., Bissyandé, T., Papadakis, M., Rasthofer, S., Bartel, A., Octeau, D., Klein, J., e Le Traon, Y. (2017). Static analysis of android apps: A systematic literature review. Information and Software Technology, 88.
Masruroh, S. U., Rizqy Vitalaya, N. A., Sukmana, H. T., Subchi, I., Khairani, D., e Durachman, Y. (2022). Evaluation of usability and accessibility of mobile application for people with disability: Systematic literature review. In 2022 International Conference on Science and Technology (ICOSTECH), pages 1–7.
Mateus, D. A., Silva, C. A., de Oliveira, A. F. B. A., Costa, H., e Freire, A. P. (2021). A systematic mapping of accessibility problems encountered on websites and mobile apps: A comparison between automated tests, manual inspections and user evaluations. Journal on Interactive Systems, 12(1):145–171.
Oliveira, A. e Eler, M. (2024). Exploring accessibility of mobile applications through user feedback: Insights from app reviews in a systematic literature review. In Anais do XXIII Simpósio Brasileiro sobre Fatores Humanos em Sistemas Computacionais, pages 633–647, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC.
Pereira, R., Darin, T., e Silveira, M. (2024). Grandihc-br: Grand research challenges in human-computer interaction in brazil for 2025-2035. In Anais do XXIII Simpósio Brasileiro sobre Fatores Humanos em Sistemas Computacionais, pages 915–938, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC.
Prisma Statements (2020). Prisma 2020. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 20 nov. 2024.
Robolectric (2025). Robolectric. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 23 fev. 2025.
Ross, A. S., Zhang, X., Fogarty, J., e Wobbrock, J. O. (2017). Epidemiology as a framework for large-scale mobile application accessibility assessment. In Proceedings of the 19th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, ASSETS ’17, page 2–11, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Ross, A. S., Zhang, X., Fogarty, J., e Wobbrock, J. O. (2018). Examining image-based button labeling for accessibility in android apps through large-scale analysis. In Proceedings of the 20th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, ASSETS ’18, page 119–130, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Salehnamadi, N., Mehralian, F., e Malek, S. (2023). Groundhog: An automated accessibility crawler for mobile apps. In Proceedings of the 37th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, ASE ’22, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Santiago, M. T. e Marques, A. B. (2023). Exploring user reviews to identify accessibility problems in applications for autistic users. Journal on Interactive Systems, 14(1):317–330.
Seixas Pereira, L., Matos, M., e Duarte, C. (2024). Exploring mobile device accessibility: Challenges, insights, and recommendations for evaluation methodologies. In Proceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI ’24, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Siebra, C. A., Correia, W., Penha, M., Macêdo, J., Quintino, J., Anjos, M., Florentin, F., Silva, F. Q. B., e Santos, A. L. M. (2018). An analysis on tools for accessibility evaluation in mobile applications. In Proceedings of the XXXII Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering, SBES ’18, page 172–177, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Silva, C., Eler, M. M., e Fraser, G. (2018). A survey on the tool support for the automatic evaluation of mobile accessibility. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Software Development and Technologies for Enhancing Accessibility and Fighting Info-Exclusion, DSAI ’18, page 286–293, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Silva, H., Endo, A., Eler, M., Vergilio, S., e Durelli, V. (2020). On the relation between code elements and accessibility issues in android apps.
Swearngin, A., Wu, J., Zhang, X., Gomez, E., Coughenour, J., Stukenborg, R., Garg, B., Hughes, G., Hilliard, A., Bigham, J. P., e Nichols, J. (2024). Towards automated accessibility report generation for mobile apps. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact., 31(4).
Unity Technologies (2025). Unity. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 15 jan. 2025.
W3C Brasil (2025). Conhecendo o W3C. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 24 fev. 2025.
W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (1999). Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 24 fev. 2025.
W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) (2025). What’s New in WCAG 2.2. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 16 fev. 2025.
Wohlin, C., Runeson, P., Höst, M., Ohlsson, M. C., Regnell, B., Wesslén, A., et al. (2012). Experimentation in software engineering, volume 236. Springer.
World Health Organization (2023). Disability and health. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 22 out. 2024.
Zhang, X., de Greef, L., Swearngin, A., White, S., Murray, K., Yu, L., Shan, Q., Nichols, J., Wu, J., Fleizach, C., Everitt, A., e Bigham, J. P. (2021). Screen recognition: Creating accessibility metadata for mobile applications from pixels. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI ’21, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Zhang, X., Ross, A. S., e Fogarty, J. (2018). Robust annotation of mobile application interfaces in methods for accessibility repair and enhancement. In Proceedings of the 31st Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, UIST ’18, page 609–621, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Publicado
08/09/2025
Como Citar
MARQUES, Séphora C. C.; VIANA, Matheus C.; CARVALHO, Dárlinton B. F..
Acessibilidade no desenvolvimento de aplicativos móveis: uma revisão sistemática sobre problemas recorrentes, métodos de verifcação e ferramentas. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO SOBRE FATORES HUMANOS EM SISTEMAS COMPUTACIONAIS (IHC), 24. , 2025, Belo Horizonte/MG.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2025
.
p. 1277-1300.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/ihc.2025.10851.
