Detection of Biolayer Formation Instant in SPR Biosensors Using Neural Networks
Resumo
This work presents a method for detecting the biolayer formation instant in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors using signal processing and artificial intelligence. The proposed approach combines the wavelet transform (WT) with a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network to analyze the asymmetry in the SPR response. Experimental data were collected from BSA adsorption cycles using an SPR biosensor and the VIR biochip. After preprocessing and feature extraction using the Daubechies db4 wavelet, the MLP was trained to recognize the characteristic pattern associated with monolayer formation. The model achieved over 99% accuracy, with an average temporal error of less than 3 seconds. The technique enables early detection of the biolayer formation, reducing reagent consumption and shortening the experimental duration by up to 474 seconds per cycle. These results demonstrate the potential of the method for automating functionalization steps in SPR-based biosensors, especially in cost-sensitive applications.
Palavras-chave:
SPR biosensor, biolayer detection, wavelet transform, neural network, BSA adsorption, signal processing
Referências
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Chaonan Sun, Xiaofang Liao, Pinxuan Huang, Guangzhi Shan, Xiao Ma, Lizhu Fu, Lidong Zhou, and Weijun Kong. 2020. A self-assembled electrochemical immunosensor for ultra-sensitive detection of ochratoxin A in medicinal and edible malt. Food Chemistry 315 (2020), 126289. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126289
C. Thirstrup, W. Zong, M. Borre, H. Neff, H.C. Pedersen, and G. Holzhueter. 2004. Diffractive optical coupling element for surface plasmon resonance sensors. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 100, 3 (2004), 298–308. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2004.01.010
Jinru Zhou, Qinqin Qi, Chong Wang, Yifan Qian, Guangming Liu, Yanbo Wang, and L. Fu. 2019. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors for food allergen detection in food matrices. Biosensors & bioelectronics 142 (2019), 111449. DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111449
Tomáš Špringer, Markéta Bocková, Jiří Slabý, Foozieh Sohrabi, Magdalena Čapková, and Jiří Homola. 2025. Surface plasmon resonance biosensors and their medical applications. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 278 (2025), 117308. DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2025.117308
Md Tauseef Iqbal Ansari, Sanjeev Kumar Raghuwanshi, and Santosh Kumar. 2023. Recent Advancement in Fiber-Optic-Based SPR Biosensor for Food Adulteration Detection—A Review. IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience 22, 4 (2023), 978–988. DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2023.3278468
Antibodies. 2023. Price Comparison - Antibodies. Retrieved Oct 09, 2024 from [link]
Shaojun Dong and Jinghong Li. 1997. Self-assembled monolayers of thiols on gold electrodes for bioelectrochemistry and biosensors. Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 42, 1 (1997), 7–13. DOI: 10.1016/S0302-4598(96)05172-0
Jiri Homola, Susan S. Yee, and Gunther Gauglitz. 1999. Surface plasmon resonance sensors: review. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 54, 1-2 (1999), 3–15.
Rajeev Kumar, Lokendra Singh, and S. Malathi. 2025. Infected and Noninfected Diseases Detection for Human Health Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors: A Review. IEEE Sensors Journal 25, 7 (2025), 10556–10565. DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3539783
Jung Wook Lee, Sang Jun Sim, Sung Min Cho, and Jeewon Lee. 2005. Characterization of a self-assembled monolayer of thiol on a gold surface and the fabrication of a biosensor chip based on surface plasmon resonance for detecting anti-GAD antibody. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 20 (2005), 1422–1427. DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.04.017
Mansour Mahmoudpour, Jafar Ezzati Nazhad Dolatabadi, Mohammadali Torbati, and Aziz Homayouni-Rad. 2019. Nanomaterials based surface plasmon resonance signal enhancement for detection of environmental pollutions. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 127 (2019), 72–84.
M.S. Maleki, O. Moradi, and S. Tahmasebi. 2017. Adsorption of albumin by gold nanoparticles: Equilibrium and thermodynamics studies. Arabian Journal of Chemistry 10 (2017), S491–S502. DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.10.009
Xiaojian Meng, Xiaokang Wang, Kun Yu, Yufang Liu, and Shuguang Li. 2025. Lab on Fiber: Recent Experimental Advances in Optical Fiber Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 74 (2025), 1–19. DOI: 10.1109/TIM.2025.3547521
Md Moznuzzaman, Md Rafiqul Islam, Md Biplob Hossain, and Ibrahim Mustafa Mehedi. 2020. Modeling of highly improved SPR sensor for formalin detection. Results in Physics 16 (2020), 102874.
Sharifah Norsyahindah Syed Nor, Nur Syafiqah Rasanang, Salmah Karman, Wan Safwani Wan Kamarul Zaman, Sulaiman Wadi Harun, and Hamzah Arof. 2021. A review: surface plasmon resonance-based biosensor for early screening of SARS-CoV2 infection. IEEE Access 10 (2021), 1228–1244.
R. M. Nyquist, A. S. Eberhardt, L. A. Silks III, Z. Li, X. Yang, and B. I. Swanson. 2000. Characterization of Self-Assembled Monolayers for Biosensor Applications. Langmuir 16, 4 (2000), 1793–1800. DOI: 10.1021/la990018r
G. E. Quintanilla-Villanueva, D. Luna-Moreno, Edgar Allan Blanco-Gámez, José Manuel Rodríguez-Delgado, J. Villarreal-Chiu, and M. Rodríguez-Delgado. 2021. A Novel Enzyme-Based SPR Strategy for Detection of the Antimicrobial Agent Chlorophene. Biosensors 11 (2021). DOI: 10.3390/bios11020043
Debasis Samanta and Amitabha Sarkar. 2011. Immobilization of biomacromolecules on self-assembled monolayers: methods and sensor applications. Chemical Society Reviews 40 (2011), 2567–2592. DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00056f
Oliver Seitz, Poornika G. Fernandes, Ruhai Tian, Nikhil Karnik, Huang-Chun Wen, Harvey Stiegler, Richard A. Chapman, Eric M. Vogel, and Yves J. Chabal. 2011. Control and stability of self-assembled monolayers under biosensing conditions. Journal of Materials Chemistry 21 (2011), 4384–4392. DOI: 10.1039/c1jm10132c
Carlos Souza Filho, Antonio Marcus Lima, and Helmut Neff. 2008. Sistema de Aquisição e Processamento Portátil para Biosensores.. In Anais do XVII Congresso Brasileiro de Automática.
Chaonan Sun, Xiaofang Liao, Pinxuan Huang, Guangzhi Shan, Xiao Ma, Lizhu Fu, Lidong Zhou, and Weijun Kong. 2020. A self-assembled electrochemical immunosensor for ultra-sensitive detection of ochratoxin A in medicinal and edible malt. Food Chemistry 315 (2020), 126289. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126289
C. Thirstrup, W. Zong, M. Borre, H. Neff, H.C. Pedersen, and G. Holzhueter. 2004. Diffractive optical coupling element for surface plasmon resonance sensors. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 100, 3 (2004), 298–308. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2004.01.010
Jinru Zhou, Qinqin Qi, Chong Wang, Yifan Qian, Guangming Liu, Yanbo Wang, and L. Fu. 2019. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors for food allergen detection in food matrices. Biosensors & bioelectronics 142 (2019), 111449. DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111449
Tomáš Špringer, Markéta Bocková, Jiří Slabý, Foozieh Sohrabi, Magdalena Čapková, and Jiří Homola. 2025. Surface plasmon resonance biosensors and their medical applications. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 278 (2025), 117308. DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2025.117308
Publicado
23/09/2025
Como Citar
NASCIMENTO, Rafael Pereira do; SOUZA FILHO, Carlos Alberto de; LIMA, Antônio Marcus Nogueira.
Detection of Biolayer Formation Instant in SPR Biosensors Using Neural Networks. In: WORKSHOP BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA DE SOFTWARE INTELIGENTE (ISE), 4. , 2025, Recife/PE.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2025
.
p. 13-18.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/ise.2025.14873.
