WAE - Web Accessibility Engine: Uma Ferramenta de Transpilação Acessível e Estruturada para Programadores Cegos ou de Baixa Visão
Resumo
Este estudo foca no desenvolvimento do WAE - Web Accessibility Engine, uma ferramenta projetada para facilitar a prototipação e o desenvolvimento de páginas web estáticas por programadores cegos ou com baixa visão. A pesquisa incluiu uma revisão da literatura, que resultou na escolha do paradigma de codificação acessível “Grid Coding” e da linguagem YAML como bases para o projeto. Para avaliar a acessibilidade das páginas geradas pelo WAE, utilizou-se o Avaliador e Simulador de Acessibilidade em Sítios (ASES). Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos componentes criados pelo WAE atendeu a altos padrões de acessibilidade, evidenciando o potencial da ferramenta para contribuir de forma significativa para o desenvolvimento web inclusivo.
Palavras-chave:
Acessibilidade, Deficiência Visual, ASES
Referências
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V. Potluri, P. Vaithilingam, S. Iyengar, Y. Vidya, M. Swaminathan, and G. Srinivasa, “Codetalk: Improving programming environment accessibility for visually impaired developers,” in Proceedings of the 2018 chi conference on human factors in computing systems, 2018, pp. 1–11.
M. Pandey, V. Kameswaran, H. V. Rao, S. O’Modhrain, and S. Oney, “Understanding accessibility and collaboration in programming for people with visual impairments,” Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, vol. 5, no. CSCW1, pp. 1–30, 2021.
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M. Ehtesham-Ul-Haque, S. M. Monsur, and S. M. Billah, “Grid-coding: An accessible, efficient, and structured coding paradigm for blind and low-vision programmers,” in Proceedings of the 35th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, 2022, pp. 1–21.
C. Evans, I. döt Net, and O. Ben-Kiki, “YAML Ain’t Markup Language (YAML™) Version 1.2,” 2024, acessado em: 02 de Janeiro. [Online]. Available: [link]
A.-G. Federal, “Avaliador e simulador de acessibilidade em sıtios,” 2014, acessado em: 23 de Janeiro. [Online]. Available: [link]
E. Schanzer, S. Bahram, and S. Krishnamurthi, “Accessible ast-based programming for visually-impaired programmers,” in Proceedings of the 50th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, 2019, pp. 773–779.
M. Ribera, M. Porras, M. Boldu, M. Termens, A. Sule, and P. Paris, “Web content accessibility guidelines 2.0: A further step towards accessible digital information,” Program, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 392–406, 2009.
F. Boland and E. Fong, “Challenges and benefits of a methodology for scoring web content accessibility guidelines (wcag) 2.0 conformance,” National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Tech. Rep. NISTIR 8010, September 2014. [Online]. DOI: 10.6028/NIST.IR.8010
A. H. Al-Badi, A. O. Al Majeeni, P. J. Mayhew, and A. S. Al-Rashdi, “Improving website ranking through search engine optimization,” Journal of Internet and e-business Studies, vol. 2011, pp. 1–11, 2011.
A. Bastidas Fuertes, M. Pérez, and J. Meza Hormaza, “Transpilers: A systematic mapping review of their usage in research and industry,” Applied Sciences, vol. 13, no. 6, p. 3667, 2023.
A. Nuñez, A. Moquillaza, and F. Paz, “Web accessibility evaluation methods: a systematic review,” in Design, User Experience, and Usability. Practice and Case Studies: 8th International Conference, DUXU 2019, Held as Part of the 21st HCI International Conference, HCII 2019, Orlando, FL, USA, July 26–31, 2019, Proceedings, Part IV 21. Springer, 2019, pp. 226–237.
J. Abascal, M. Arrue, and X. Valencia, “Tools for web accessibility evaluation,” Web accessibility: a foundation for research, pp. 479–503, 2019.
M. Beaudouin-Lafon and W. E. Mackay, “Prototyping tools and techniques,” in The human-computer interaction handbook. CRC Press, 2007, pp. 1043–1066.
C. Kussmaul and R. Jack, “Prototyping in web development,” in Software Engineering for Modern Web Applications: Methodologies and Technologies. IGI Global, 2008, pp. 191–206.
C. Fry, M. Plusch, and H. Lieberman, “Static and dynamic semantics of the web.” in Spinning the semantic web, 2003, pp. 377–401.
J. R. Lewis, “Usability testing,” Handbook of human factors and ergonomics, pp. 1267–1312, 2012.
M. Nørgaard and K. Hornbæk, “What do usability evaluators do in practice? an explorative study of think-aloud testing,” in Proceedings of the 6th conference on Designing Interactive systems, 2006, pp. 209–218.
S. Vallian, “Kustomisasi sharif judge untuk kebutuhan program studi teknik informatika,” 2018, tese sobre a customização do sistema Sharif Judge para atender às necessidades do curso de Engenharia de Informática. [Online]. Available: [link]
B. Caldwell, M. Cooper, L. G. Reid, G. Vanderheiden, W. Chisholm, J. Slatin, and J. White, “Web content accessibility guidelines (wcag) 2.0,” WWW Consortium (W3C), vol. 290, pp. 1–34, 2008.
J. A. P. Rocha and A. B. S. Duarte, “Diretrizes de acessibilidade web: um estudo comparativo entre as wcag 2.0 e o e-mag 3.0,” Inclusão Social, vol. 5, no. 2, 2012.
M. Manzoor and V. Vimarlund, “Digital technologies for social inclusion of individuals with disabilities,” Health and technology, vol. 8, pp. 377–390, 2018.
V. Potluri, P. Vaithilingam, S. Iyengar, Y. Vidya, M. Swaminathan, and G. Srinivasa, “Codetalk: Improving programming environment accessibility for visually impaired developers,” in Proceedings of the 2018 chi conference on human factors in computing systems, 2018, pp. 1–11.
M. Pandey, V. Kameswaran, H. V. Rao, S. O’Modhrain, and S. Oney, “Understanding accessibility and collaboration in programming for people with visual impairments,” Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, vol. 5, no. CSCW1, pp. 1–30, 2021.
C. M. Baker, C. L. Bennett, and R. E. Ladner, “Educational experiences of blind programmers,” in Proceedings of the 50th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, 2019, pp. 759–765.
M. Research, “Web development market 2025-2034: Size, share, growth,” MarkWide Research, 2025, relatório de mercado sobre desenvolvimento web. [Online]. Available: [link]
M. Ehtesham-Ul-Haque, S. M. Monsur, and S. M. Billah, “Grid-coding: An accessible, efficient, and structured coding paradigm for blind and low-vision programmers,” in Proceedings of the 35th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, 2022, pp. 1–21.
C. Evans, I. döt Net, and O. Ben-Kiki, “YAML Ain’t Markup Language (YAML™) Version 1.2,” 2024, acessado em: 02 de Janeiro. [Online]. Available: [link]
A.-G. Federal, “Avaliador e simulador de acessibilidade em sıtios,” 2014, acessado em: 23 de Janeiro. [Online]. Available: [link]
E. Schanzer, S. Bahram, and S. Krishnamurthi, “Accessible ast-based programming for visually-impaired programmers,” in Proceedings of the 50th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, 2019, pp. 773–779.
M. Ribera, M. Porras, M. Boldu, M. Termens, A. Sule, and P. Paris, “Web content accessibility guidelines 2.0: A further step towards accessible digital information,” Program, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 392–406, 2009.
F. Boland and E. Fong, “Challenges and benefits of a methodology for scoring web content accessibility guidelines (wcag) 2.0 conformance,” National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Tech. Rep. NISTIR 8010, September 2014. [Online]. DOI: 10.6028/NIST.IR.8010
A. H. Al-Badi, A. O. Al Majeeni, P. J. Mayhew, and A. S. Al-Rashdi, “Improving website ranking through search engine optimization,” Journal of Internet and e-business Studies, vol. 2011, pp. 1–11, 2011.
A. Bastidas Fuertes, M. Pérez, and J. Meza Hormaza, “Transpilers: A systematic mapping review of their usage in research and industry,” Applied Sciences, vol. 13, no. 6, p. 3667, 2023.
A. Nuñez, A. Moquillaza, and F. Paz, “Web accessibility evaluation methods: a systematic review,” in Design, User Experience, and Usability. Practice and Case Studies: 8th International Conference, DUXU 2019, Held as Part of the 21st HCI International Conference, HCII 2019, Orlando, FL, USA, July 26–31, 2019, Proceedings, Part IV 21. Springer, 2019, pp. 226–237.
J. Abascal, M. Arrue, and X. Valencia, “Tools for web accessibility evaluation,” Web accessibility: a foundation for research, pp. 479–503, 2019.
M. Beaudouin-Lafon and W. E. Mackay, “Prototyping tools and techniques,” in The human-computer interaction handbook. CRC Press, 2007, pp. 1043–1066.
C. Kussmaul and R. Jack, “Prototyping in web development,” in Software Engineering for Modern Web Applications: Methodologies and Technologies. IGI Global, 2008, pp. 191–206.
C. Fry, M. Plusch, and H. Lieberman, “Static and dynamic semantics of the web.” in Spinning the semantic web, 2003, pp. 377–401.
J. R. Lewis, “Usability testing,” Handbook of human factors and ergonomics, pp. 1267–1312, 2012.
M. Nørgaard and K. Hornbæk, “What do usability evaluators do in practice? an explorative study of think-aloud testing,” in Proceedings of the 6th conference on Designing Interactive systems, 2006, pp. 209–218.
S. Vallian, “Kustomisasi sharif judge untuk kebutuhan program studi teknik informatika,” 2018, tese sobre a customização do sistema Sharif Judge para atender às necessidades do curso de Engenharia de Informática. [Online]. Available: [link]
B. Caldwell, M. Cooper, L. G. Reid, G. Vanderheiden, W. Chisholm, J. Slatin, and J. White, “Web content accessibility guidelines (wcag) 2.0,” WWW Consortium (W3C), vol. 290, pp. 1–34, 2008.
J. A. P. Rocha and A. B. S. Duarte, “Diretrizes de acessibilidade web: um estudo comparativo entre as wcag 2.0 e o e-mag 3.0,” Inclusão Social, vol. 5, no. 2, 2012.
Publicado
22/10/2025
Como Citar
JORGE, Douglas Sousa; LIMA, Maurício; DIAS, Elisângela Silva; FALCÃO, Augusto César.
WAE - Web Accessibility Engine: Uma Ferramenta de Transpilação Acessível e Estruturada para Programadores Cegos ou de Baixa Visão. In: CONGRESSO LATINO-AMERICANO DE SOFTWARE LIVRE E TECNOLOGIAS ABERTAS (LATINOWARE), 22. , 2025, Foz do Iguaçu/PR.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2025
.
p. 77-86.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/latinoware.2025.14857.
