Establishing a Blockchain-based Architecture for Fake News Detection
Resumo
Fake News are a contemporary phenomenon with potential devastating effects. For inquiry and auditability purposes, it is essential that the news, once classified as false, can be persisted in an immutable means so that interested parties can query it. Although Blockchain clearly satisfies the main requirements for Fake News Management Software Systems, the prescriptive architectural solutions for that domain that cohabit Blockchain with other technologies in a single proposal still need to be made available. This paper’s main contribution is presenting a prescriptive architectural solution for blockchain-based fake news management software systems. The Hoffmeister process for software architecture design is systematically followed to culminate in a software solution for that domain. The implementation of a candidate architecture and a brief simulation-based evaluation show the feasibility of the solution to satisfy the functional and quality requirements.
Palavras-chave:
fake news, blockchain, disinformation, blocking, detection
Referências
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Argus Antonio Barbosa Cavalcante, Paulo Márcio Souza Freire, Ronaldo Ribeiro Goldschmidt, and Cláudia Marcela Justel. 2024. Improving Implicit Crowd Signals Based Fake News Detection on Social Media: A Time-Aware Method for Early Detection. In SBSI 2024. ACM, Juiz de Fora, Brazil, 7:1–7:9. DOI: 10.1145/3658271.3658278
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Janaína Ignacio de Morais, Hugo Queiroz Abonizio, Gabriel Marques Tavares, André Azevedo da Fonseca, and Sylvio Barbon Jr. 2020. A Multi-label Classification System to Distinguish among Fake, Satirical, Objective and Legitimate News in Brazilian Portuguese. iSys - Brazilian Journal of Information Systems 13, 4 (Jul. 2020), 126–149. DOI: 10.5753/isys.2020.833
Claudio Di Ciccio, Giovanni Meroni, and Pierluigi Plebani. 2020. Business process monitoring on blockchains: Potentials and challenges. In BPMDS at CAiSE. Springer, Grenoble, France, 36–51.
Karen Watts DiCicco and Nitin Agarwal. 2020. Blockchain Technology-Based Solutions to Fight Misinformation: A Survey. Springer, 267–281.
Zafer Duzen, Mirela Riveni, and Mehmet S. Aktas. 2023. Analyzing the Spread of Misinformation on Social Networks: A Process and Software Architecture for Detection and Analysis. Computers 12, 11 (2023).
A. D. Dwivedi, R. Singh, S. Dhall, G. Srivastava, and S. K. Pal. 2020. Tracing the Source of Fake News using a Scalable Blockchain Distributed Network. In Proc. of IEEE 17th MASS. 38–43.
Elli Androulaki et al. 2018. Hyperledger fabric: a distributed operating system for permissioned blockchains (EuroSys ’18). ACM, Porto, Portugal, Article 30, 15 pages.
Hyperledger Foundation. 2023. Benchmarking Hyperledger Fabric 2.5 Performance. [link]. Accessed: [February 10th, 2024].
Juliana Gomes, Valdemar Vicente Graciano Neto, Jacson Barbosa, and Eliomar Araújo de Lima. 2023. A Rapid Tertiary Review at the Fake News Domain. In Proceedings of the XI Escola Regional de Informática de Goiás. SBC, Goiânia, Brazil, 1–10. DOI: 10.5753/erigo.2023.237391
Valdemar Vicente Graciano-Neto, Jacson Barbosa, Eliomar Lima, Sérgio Carvalho, and Samuel Venzi. 2024. A Blockchain-based and AI-Endorsed Mechanism to Support Social Networks on Fake News Containment. In XIII BraSNAM. SBC, Brasília/DF, 207–213. DOI: 10.5753/brasnam.2024.2255
Valdemar V. Graciano-Neto, Vinícius Borges, Luiza Cintra, Pedro Henrique Campos, Jacson Rodrigues, and Eliomar Araújo de Lima. 2024. Avaliando um Mecanismo de Consenso no Processo de Perícia de Desinformação através de Simulação. In 6th MSSiS. SBC, Curitiba, Brazil, 1–10.
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T.W. Jing and R.K. Murugesan. 2019. A Theoretical Framework to Build Trust and Prevent Fake News in Social Media Using Blockchain. In Recent Trends in Data Science and Soft Computing (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Vol. 843). Springer, Cham.
Mohamad Kassab, Joanna F. DeFranco, Tarek Malas, Phillip A. Laplante, Giuseppe Destefanis, and Valdemar Vicente Graciano Neto. 2021. Exploring Research in Blockchain for Healthcare and a Roadmap for the Future. IEEE Trans. Emerg. Top. Comput. 9, 4 (2021), 1835–1852. DOI: 10.1109/TETC.2019.2936881
Rafał Kozik, Wojciech Mazurczyk, Krzysztof Cabaj, Aleksandra Pawlicka, Marek Pawlicki, and Michał Chora´s. 2023. Combating Disinformation with Holistic Architecture, Neuro-symbolic AI and NLU Models. In 2023 IEEE 10th DSAA. 1–9.
Philipe Melo, Johnnatan Messias, Gustavo Resende, Kiran Garimella, Jussara Almeida, and Fabrício Benevenuto. 2019. WhatsApp Monitor: A Fact-Checking System for WhatsApp. Proc. of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 13, 01 (Jul. 2019), 676–677.
Suyel Namasudra and Kemal Akkaya. 2023. Introduction to blockchain technology. In Blockchain and its Applications in Industry 4.0. Springer, 1–28.
Shovon Paul, Jubair Islam Joy, Shaila Sarker, Abdullah Al Haris Shakib, Sharif Ahmed, and Amit Kumar Das. 2019. Fake News Detection in Social Media using Blockchain. In Proc. of 7th ICSCC. 1–5.
Asger B Pedersen, Marten Risius, Roman Beck, et al. 2019. A ten-step decision path to determine when to use blockchain technologies. MIS Quarterly Executive 18, 2 (2019), 99–115.
Julio C. S. Reis, Philipe Melo, Fabiano Belém, Fabricio Murai, Jussara M. Almeida, and Fabricio Benevenuto. 2023. Helping Fact-Checkers Identify Fake News Stories Shared through Images on WhatsApp (WebMedia ’23). ACM, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, 159–167.
Christiane Santana, Daniela Barreiro Claro, and Marlo Souza. 2022. Fake News Detection in Tweets: Challenges and Adaptations imposed by the COVID-19. iSys - Brazilian Journal of Information Systems 15, 1 (Oct. 2022), 11:1–11:26. DOI: 10.5753/isys.2022.2286
Eishvak Sengupta, Renuka Nagpal, Deepti Mehrotra, and Gautam Srivastava. 2021. ProBlock: a novel approach for fake news detection. Cluster Computing 24 (2021), 3779–3795.
Wajiha Shahid, Bahman Jamshidi, Saqib Hakak, Haruna Isah, Wazir Zada Khan, Muhammad Khurram Khan, and Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo. 2022. Detecting and Mitigating the Dissemination of Fake News: Challenges and Future Research Opportunities. IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems (2022), 1–14. DOI: 10.1109/TCSS.2022.3177359
Kai Shu, H. Russell Bernard, and Huan Liu. 2019. Studying Fake News via Network Analysis: Detection and Mitigation. Springer, 43–65.
Pamella Soares, Raphael Saraiva, Iago Fernandes, Jerffeson Souza, and Ricardo Loiola. 2022. DocStone: A Blockchain-Based Architecture for a Customizable Document Registration Service. In 16th SBCARS. SBC, Uberlândia, Brazil, 1–10.
Paulo Gabriel Teixeira, Bruno Gabriel Araújo Lebtag, Rodrigo Pereira dos Santos, Juliana Fernandes, Ahmad Mohsin, Mohamad Kassab, and Valdemar Vicente Graciano Neto. 2020. Constituent System Design: A Software Architecture Approach. In 2020 IEEE ICSA Companion 2020, Salvador, Brazil. IEEE, 218–225.
Mohamed Torky, Emad Nabil, and Wael Said. 2019. Proof of credibility: A blockchain approach for detecting and blocking fake news in social networks. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications 10, 12 (2019).
Akash D. Waghmare and Girish Kumar Patnaik. 2021. Fake News Detection Of Social Media News In Blockchain Framework. IJCSE (2021).
Abhishek Wahane and Balaji Patil. 2022. Blockchains to curb Fake News in an Online World. In 2022 International Conference for Advancement in Technology (ICONAT). 1–6. DOI: 10.1109/ICONAT53423.2022.9725933
Yihang Wei. 2020. Blockchain-based data traceability platform architecture for supply chain management. In IEEE 6th BigDataSecurity. IEEE, 77–85.
Mika Westerlund. 2019. The emergence of deepfake technology: A review. Technology innovation management review 9, 11 (2019).
Claes Wohlin, Per Runeson, Martin Höst, Magnus C Ohlsson, Björn Regnell, Anders Wesslén, et al. 2012. Experimentation in software engineering. Vol. 236. Springer.
World Economic Forum. 2024. Global Risks 2024: Disinformation Tops Global Risks 2024 as Environmental Threats Intensify. [link]. Accessed: [June, 2024].
Y. Xiao, Y. Liu, and T. Li. 2020. Edge Computing and Blockchain for Quick Fake News Detection in IoV. Sensors 20, 16 (2020), 4360. DOI: 10.3390/s20164360
Peipeng Yu, Zhihua Xia, Jianwei Fei, and Yujiang Lu. 2021. A survey on deepfake video detection. Iet Biometrics 10, 6 (2021), 607–624.
Xinyi Zhou and Reza Zafarani. 2020. A survey of fake news: Fundamental theories, detection methods, and opportunities. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 53, 5 (2020), 1–40.
João Guilherme Bastos dos Santos, Arthur Ituassu, Sérgio Lifschitz, Yago Cury, Thayane Guimarães, Diego Cerqueira, Debora Albu, Redson Fernando, Julia Hellen Ferreira, and Maria Luiza Mondelli. 2022. Regional patterns and networked behavior: interdisciplinary methods for identifying bots in the 2020 elections in Brazil. iSys - Brazilian Journal of Information Systems 15, 1 (Dec. 2022), 26:1–26:12. DOI: 10.5753/isys.2022.2415
Cristian Nicolae But, incu and Adrian Alexandrescu. 2023. Blockchain-Based Platform to Fight Disinformation Using CrowdWisdom and Artificial Intelligence. Applied Sciences 13, 10 (2023). DOI: 10.3390/app13106088
Argus Antonio Barbosa Cavalcante, Paulo Márcio Souza Freire, Ronaldo Ribeiro Goldschmidt, and Cláudia Marcela Justel. 2024. Improving Implicit Crowd Signals Based Fake News Detection on Social Media: A Time-Aware Method for Early Detection. In SBSI 2024. ACM, Juiz de Fora, Brazil, 7:1–7:9. DOI: 10.1145/3658271.3658278
Eliomar Araújo de Lima et al. 2024. Projeto Web 3.0 - Avaliação de Impacto da Web 3.0: Descentralizada, Imersiva, Semântica, Centrada no Usuário e Conectada com o Mundo Ciberfísico; Relatório Técnico - Fake News – Etapa 4 – Relatório 2 – PoC dApp. Technical Report 02-2024. Universidade Federal de Goiás. TechReport In Portuguese (Under Development) Restricted Access.
Janaína Ignacio de Morais, Hugo Queiroz Abonizio, Gabriel Marques Tavares, André Azevedo da Fonseca, and Sylvio Barbon Jr. 2020. A Multi-label Classification System to Distinguish among Fake, Satirical, Objective and Legitimate News in Brazilian Portuguese. iSys - Brazilian Journal of Information Systems 13, 4 (Jul. 2020), 126–149. DOI: 10.5753/isys.2020.833
Claudio Di Ciccio, Giovanni Meroni, and Pierluigi Plebani. 2020. Business process monitoring on blockchains: Potentials and challenges. In BPMDS at CAiSE. Springer, Grenoble, France, 36–51.
Karen Watts DiCicco and Nitin Agarwal. 2020. Blockchain Technology-Based Solutions to Fight Misinformation: A Survey. Springer, 267–281.
Zafer Duzen, Mirela Riveni, and Mehmet S. Aktas. 2023. Analyzing the Spread of Misinformation on Social Networks: A Process and Software Architecture for Detection and Analysis. Computers 12, 11 (2023).
A. D. Dwivedi, R. Singh, S. Dhall, G. Srivastava, and S. K. Pal. 2020. Tracing the Source of Fake News using a Scalable Blockchain Distributed Network. In Proc. of IEEE 17th MASS. 38–43.
Elli Androulaki et al. 2018. Hyperledger fabric: a distributed operating system for permissioned blockchains (EuroSys ’18). ACM, Porto, Portugal, Article 30, 15 pages.
Hyperledger Foundation. 2023. Benchmarking Hyperledger Fabric 2.5 Performance. [link]. Accessed: [February 10th, 2024].
Juliana Gomes, Valdemar Vicente Graciano Neto, Jacson Barbosa, and Eliomar Araújo de Lima. 2023. A Rapid Tertiary Review at the Fake News Domain. In Proceedings of the XI Escola Regional de Informática de Goiás. SBC, Goiânia, Brazil, 1–10. DOI: 10.5753/erigo.2023.237391
Valdemar Vicente Graciano-Neto, Jacson Barbosa, Eliomar Lima, Sérgio Carvalho, and Samuel Venzi. 2024. A Blockchain-based and AI-Endorsed Mechanism to Support Social Networks on Fake News Containment. In XIII BraSNAM. SBC, Brasília/DF, 207–213. DOI: 10.5753/brasnam.2024.2255
Valdemar V. Graciano-Neto, Vinícius Borges, Luiza Cintra, Pedro Henrique Campos, Jacson Rodrigues, and Eliomar Araújo de Lima. 2024. Avaliando um Mecanismo de Consenso no Processo de Perícia de Desinformação através de Simulação. In 6th MSSiS. SBC, Curitiba, Brazil, 1–10.
Valdemar Vicente Graciano Neto and Mohamad Kassab. 2023. What Every Engineer Should Know About Smart Cities. CRC Press - Taylor & Francis. 1st Edition. 254 p..
Christine Hofmeister, Philippe Kruchten, Robert L. Nord, Henk Obbink, Alexander Ran, and Pierre America. 2007. A general model of software architecture design derived from five industrial approaches. JSS 80, 1 (2007), 106–126.
ISO/IEC. 2010. ISO/IEC 25010 System and software quality models. Technical Report.
T.W. Jing and R.K. Murugesan. 2019. A Theoretical Framework to Build Trust and Prevent Fake News in Social Media Using Blockchain. In Recent Trends in Data Science and Soft Computing (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Vol. 843). Springer, Cham.
Mohamad Kassab, Joanna F. DeFranco, Tarek Malas, Phillip A. Laplante, Giuseppe Destefanis, and Valdemar Vicente Graciano Neto. 2021. Exploring Research in Blockchain for Healthcare and a Roadmap for the Future. IEEE Trans. Emerg. Top. Comput. 9, 4 (2021), 1835–1852. DOI: 10.1109/TETC.2019.2936881
Rafał Kozik, Wojciech Mazurczyk, Krzysztof Cabaj, Aleksandra Pawlicka, Marek Pawlicki, and Michał Chora´s. 2023. Combating Disinformation with Holistic Architecture, Neuro-symbolic AI and NLU Models. In 2023 IEEE 10th DSAA. 1–9.
Philipe Melo, Johnnatan Messias, Gustavo Resende, Kiran Garimella, Jussara Almeida, and Fabrício Benevenuto. 2019. WhatsApp Monitor: A Fact-Checking System for WhatsApp. Proc. of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 13, 01 (Jul. 2019), 676–677.
Suyel Namasudra and Kemal Akkaya. 2023. Introduction to blockchain technology. In Blockchain and its Applications in Industry 4.0. Springer, 1–28.
Shovon Paul, Jubair Islam Joy, Shaila Sarker, Abdullah Al Haris Shakib, Sharif Ahmed, and Amit Kumar Das. 2019. Fake News Detection in Social Media using Blockchain. In Proc. of 7th ICSCC. 1–5.
Asger B Pedersen, Marten Risius, Roman Beck, et al. 2019. A ten-step decision path to determine when to use blockchain technologies. MIS Quarterly Executive 18, 2 (2019), 99–115.
Julio C. S. Reis, Philipe Melo, Fabiano Belém, Fabricio Murai, Jussara M. Almeida, and Fabricio Benevenuto. 2023. Helping Fact-Checkers Identify Fake News Stories Shared through Images on WhatsApp (WebMedia ’23). ACM, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, 159–167.
Christiane Santana, Daniela Barreiro Claro, and Marlo Souza. 2022. Fake News Detection in Tweets: Challenges and Adaptations imposed by the COVID-19. iSys - Brazilian Journal of Information Systems 15, 1 (Oct. 2022), 11:1–11:26. DOI: 10.5753/isys.2022.2286
Eishvak Sengupta, Renuka Nagpal, Deepti Mehrotra, and Gautam Srivastava. 2021. ProBlock: a novel approach for fake news detection. Cluster Computing 24 (2021), 3779–3795.
Wajiha Shahid, Bahman Jamshidi, Saqib Hakak, Haruna Isah, Wazir Zada Khan, Muhammad Khurram Khan, and Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo. 2022. Detecting and Mitigating the Dissemination of Fake News: Challenges and Future Research Opportunities. IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems (2022), 1–14. DOI: 10.1109/TCSS.2022.3177359
Kai Shu, H. Russell Bernard, and Huan Liu. 2019. Studying Fake News via Network Analysis: Detection and Mitigation. Springer, 43–65.
Pamella Soares, Raphael Saraiva, Iago Fernandes, Jerffeson Souza, and Ricardo Loiola. 2022. DocStone: A Blockchain-Based Architecture for a Customizable Document Registration Service. In 16th SBCARS. SBC, Uberlândia, Brazil, 1–10.
Paulo Gabriel Teixeira, Bruno Gabriel Araújo Lebtag, Rodrigo Pereira dos Santos, Juliana Fernandes, Ahmad Mohsin, Mohamad Kassab, and Valdemar Vicente Graciano Neto. 2020. Constituent System Design: A Software Architecture Approach. In 2020 IEEE ICSA Companion 2020, Salvador, Brazil. IEEE, 218–225.
Mohamed Torky, Emad Nabil, and Wael Said. 2019. Proof of credibility: A blockchain approach for detecting and blocking fake news in social networks. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications 10, 12 (2019).
Akash D. Waghmare and Girish Kumar Patnaik. 2021. Fake News Detection Of Social Media News In Blockchain Framework. IJCSE (2021).
Abhishek Wahane and Balaji Patil. 2022. Blockchains to curb Fake News in an Online World. In 2022 International Conference for Advancement in Technology (ICONAT). 1–6. DOI: 10.1109/ICONAT53423.2022.9725933
Yihang Wei. 2020. Blockchain-based data traceability platform architecture for supply chain management. In IEEE 6th BigDataSecurity. IEEE, 77–85.
Mika Westerlund. 2019. The emergence of deepfake technology: A review. Technology innovation management review 9, 11 (2019).
Claes Wohlin, Per Runeson, Martin Höst, Magnus C Ohlsson, Björn Regnell, Anders Wesslén, et al. 2012. Experimentation in software engineering. Vol. 236. Springer.
World Economic Forum. 2024. Global Risks 2024: Disinformation Tops Global Risks 2024 as Environmental Threats Intensify. [link]. Accessed: [June, 2024].
Y. Xiao, Y. Liu, and T. Li. 2020. Edge Computing and Blockchain for Quick Fake News Detection in IoV. Sensors 20, 16 (2020), 4360. DOI: 10.3390/s20164360
Peipeng Yu, Zhihua Xia, Jianwei Fei, and Yujiang Lu. 2021. A survey on deepfake video detection. Iet Biometrics 10, 6 (2021), 607–624.
Xinyi Zhou and Reza Zafarani. 2020. A survey of fake news: Fundamental theories, detection methods, and opportunities. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 53, 5 (2020), 1–40.
Publicado
30/09/2024
Como Citar
GRACIANO-NETO, Valdemar Vicente; BARBOSA, Jacson Rodrigues; LIMA, Eliomar Araújo de; CINTRA, Luiza Martins de Freitas; VENZI, Samuel; KASSAB, Mohamad.
Establishing a Blockchain-based Architecture for Fake News Detection. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE COMPONENTES, ARQUITETURAS E REUTILIZAÇÃO DE SOFTWARE (SBCARS), 18. , 2024, Curitiba/PR.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2024
.
p. 91-100.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbcars.2024.3899.
