From Programmer to Composer: A Survey of Creative Authorship in the Age of AI
Resumo
This article explores the transformation of musical authorship in the age of artificial intelligence, reframing the composer as a mediator between code, sound, and agency. Drawing from perspectives in composition, programming, philosophy, music theory, and technological design, the paper examines how AI systems redistribute creative labor and challenge traditional models of authorship. Through analytical reflection and case studies, it argues for a posthuman, systemic understanding of composition one grounded in ethical design, cultural responsibility, and technological transparency. Rather than displacing the human composer, AI invites a redefinition of authorship as collaborative, distributed, and evolving.
Palavras-chave:
Artificial Intelligence in Music, Creative Authorship, Algorithmic Composition, Posthuman Aesthetics, Music Technology and Ethics
Referências
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Mauricio B. Miranda and Alfaro Cuauhtzin Alejandro Rosales Pena. Invenciones y disrupciones de la inteligencia artificial en la creacion musical. HArtes, 6(11):69–90, 2025.
Daniel B. Shank, Courtney Stefanik, Cassidy Stuhlsatz, Kaelyn Kacirek, and Amy M. Belfi. AI composer bias: Listeners like music less when they think it was composed by an AI. Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied, 29(3):676–692, 2023.
Song Yang. The illusion of authenticity: Ethical dilemmas and aesthetic imagination in pop music creation in the age of AI. Jcac, 1(1):28–31, 2025.
Inigo Olcoz Basarte, Sergio Eslava Arraiza, Leire Arbona Puertolas, and Esteban Morras Andres. Music AI: Requiem or symphony. Riev, 69(2), 2024.
Thor Magnusson. Designing constraints: Composing and performing with digital musical systems. Computer Music Journal, 34(4):62–73, 2010.
Joseph Malloch, Jeremie Garcia, Marcelo M. Wanderley, Wendy E. Mackay, Michel Beaudouin-Lafon, and Stephane Huot. A design WorkBench for interactive music systems, pages 23–40. Springer, 2019.
Andrzej Golas and Katarzyna Suder-Debska. Multi-channel system for sound creation in open areas. Archives of Acoustics, 37(3), 2012.
Ali Balighi. The art and science of multichannel audio in electroacoustic music: A review. Emille: the Journal of the Korean Electro-Acoustic Music Society, 22:21–32, 2024.
Renaud Bougueng Tchemeube, Jeff Ens, Cale Plut, Philippe Pasquier, Maryam Safi, Yvan Grabit, and Jean-Baptiste Rolland. Evaluating human-AI interaction via usability, user experience and acceptance measures for mmm-c: A creative AI system for music composition. arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.14071, 2025.
David Holland and Duncan Chapman. Introducing new audiences to sound-based music through creative engagement. Organised Sound, 24(3):240–251, 2019.
Nitish Bhardwaj and Pravin Uddhav. Harmonizing innovation: A journey through the history of computational music. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research, 6(2), 2024.
Jose Lopez-Montes, Miguel Molina-Solana, and Waldo Fajardo. Genomus: Representing procedural musical structures with an encoded functional grammar optimized for metaprogramming and machine learning. Applied Sciences, 12(16):8322, 2022.
John A. Biles. Improvizing with Genetic Algorithms: Gen-Jam, pages 137–169. Springer, London, 2007.
Carlos Hernandez-Olivan and Jose R Beltran. Music composition with deep learning: A review. Advances in speech and music technology: computational aspects and applications. Springer, 2022.
Naomi Imasato, Kazuki Miyazawa, Caitlin Duncan, and Takayuki Nagai. Using a language model to generate music in its symbolic domain while controlling its perceived emotion. IEEE Access, pages 1–1, 2023.
Lu Xu. A study on the fair use principles of artificial intelligence generated music. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media, 34(1):228–235, 2024.
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Mercedes Bunz, Eva Jager, Alasdair Milne, and Joanna Zylinska. Creative AI futures: Theory and practice, 2022.
Cedric Sueur, Jessica Lombard, Olivier Capra, Benjamin Beltzung, and Marie Pele. Exploration of the creative processes in animals, robots, and AI: Who holds the authorship? Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 2024.
Alessandro Ansani, Friederike Koehler, Lisa Giombini, Matias Hamalainen, Meng Chen, Marco Marini, and Suvi Saarikallio. AI performer bias: Listeners like music less when they think it was performed by an AI. Empirical Studies of the Arts, 43(2):1137–1161, 2025.
Nicholas Novelli and Shannon Proksch. Am I (deep) blue? music-making AI and emotional awareness. Frontiers in Neurorobotics, 16, 2022.
Mark Coeckelbergh. The work of art in the age of AI image generation. Journal of Human-Technology Relations, 1, 2023.
Francois Pachet, Pierre Roy, and Benoit Carre. Assisted music creation with flow machines: towards new categories of new, pages 485–520. Springer, 2021.
Bob LT Sturm, Ken Deguernel, Rujing S Huang, Andre Holzapfel, Ollie Bown, Nick Collins, Jonathan Sterne, Laura Cros Vila, Luca Casini, David Dalmazzo, et al. MusAIcology: AI music and the need for a new kind of music studies. SocArXiv Papers, 2024.
Jingyao Sang. The intersection of technology and art: A study on AI-driven CTCL music teaching paradigm. Research Square, 2024. pre-print.
Sebastian Trump. AI composers and cyborg performers: More-than-human creativity in music. Cultural Science Journal, 14(1):71–76, 2022.
Saffa A. Abdad, Safira H. Pradina, Alisa Z. Sakdiya, and Anissa N. Zahrani. Legal analysis on remixing songs using artificial intelligence (AI) technology. Law and Justice, 9(1):50–62, 2024.
Jakub Wyczik and Rafal Wieczerzak. Rethinking copyright: The art of ownership in AI outputs. Eastern European Journal of Transnational Relations, 8(1):39–52, 2024.
Gianluca Micchi, Louis Bigo, Mathieu Giraud, Richard Groult, and Florence Leve. I keep counting: An experiment in human/AI co-creative songwriting. Transactions of the International Society for Music Information Retrieval, 4(1):263, 2021.
L. Godlin Atlas, C. Mageshkumar, Shiny K.V, D. Bhavana, and V. Madhumitha. Generative AI in creative industries using gans for music and art generation with human-AI co-creation. Ictact Journal on Soft Computing, 15(3):3653–3661, 2025.
Mauricio B. Miranda and Alfaro Cuauhtzin Alejandro Rosales Pena. Invenciones y disrupciones de la inteligencia artificial en la creacion musical. HArtes, 6(11):69–90, 2025.
Daniel B. Shank, Courtney Stefanik, Cassidy Stuhlsatz, Kaelyn Kacirek, and Amy M. Belfi. AI composer bias: Listeners like music less when they think it was composed by an AI. Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied, 29(3):676–692, 2023.
Song Yang. The illusion of authenticity: Ethical dilemmas and aesthetic imagination in pop music creation in the age of AI. Jcac, 1(1):28–31, 2025.
Inigo Olcoz Basarte, Sergio Eslava Arraiza, Leire Arbona Puertolas, and Esteban Morras Andres. Music AI: Requiem or symphony. Riev, 69(2), 2024.
Thor Magnusson. Designing constraints: Composing and performing with digital musical systems. Computer Music Journal, 34(4):62–73, 2010.
Joseph Malloch, Jeremie Garcia, Marcelo M. Wanderley, Wendy E. Mackay, Michel Beaudouin-Lafon, and Stephane Huot. A design WorkBench for interactive music systems, pages 23–40. Springer, 2019.
Andrzej Golas and Katarzyna Suder-Debska. Multi-channel system for sound creation in open areas. Archives of Acoustics, 37(3), 2012.
Ali Balighi. The art and science of multichannel audio in electroacoustic music: A review. Emille: the Journal of the Korean Electro-Acoustic Music Society, 22:21–32, 2024.
Renaud Bougueng Tchemeube, Jeff Ens, Cale Plut, Philippe Pasquier, Maryam Safi, Yvan Grabit, and Jean-Baptiste Rolland. Evaluating human-AI interaction via usability, user experience and acceptance measures for mmm-c: A creative AI system for music composition. arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.14071, 2025.
David Holland and Duncan Chapman. Introducing new audiences to sound-based music through creative engagement. Organised Sound, 24(3):240–251, 2019.
Nitish Bhardwaj and Pravin Uddhav. Harmonizing innovation: A journey through the history of computational music. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research, 6(2), 2024.
Jose Lopez-Montes, Miguel Molina-Solana, and Waldo Fajardo. Genomus: Representing procedural musical structures with an encoded functional grammar optimized for metaprogramming and machine learning. Applied Sciences, 12(16):8322, 2022.
John A. Biles. Improvizing with Genetic Algorithms: Gen-Jam, pages 137–169. Springer, London, 2007.
Carlos Hernandez-Olivan and Jose R Beltran. Music composition with deep learning: A review. Advances in speech and music technology: computational aspects and applications. Springer, 2022.
Naomi Imasato, Kazuki Miyazawa, Caitlin Duncan, and Takayuki Nagai. Using a language model to generate music in its symbolic domain while controlling its perceived emotion. IEEE Access, pages 1–1, 2023.
Lu Xu. A study on the fair use principles of artificial intelligence generated music. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media, 34(1):228–235, 2024.
Y. M. Bysaga, D. M. Byelov, and V. V. Zaborovskyi. Artificial intelligence and copyright and related rights. Uzhhorod National University Herald Series Law, 2(76):299–304, 2023.
Mercedes Bunz, Eva Jager, Alasdair Milne, and Joanna Zylinska. Creative AI futures: Theory and practice, 2022.
Cedric Sueur, Jessica Lombard, Olivier Capra, Benjamin Beltzung, and Marie Pele. Exploration of the creative processes in animals, robots, and AI: Who holds the authorship? Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 2024.
Alessandro Ansani, Friederike Koehler, Lisa Giombini, Matias Hamalainen, Meng Chen, Marco Marini, and Suvi Saarikallio. AI performer bias: Listeners like music less when they think it was performed by an AI. Empirical Studies of the Arts, 43(2):1137–1161, 2025.
Nicholas Novelli and Shannon Proksch. Am I (deep) blue? music-making AI and emotional awareness. Frontiers in Neurorobotics, 16, 2022.
Mark Coeckelbergh. The work of art in the age of AI image generation. Journal of Human-Technology Relations, 1, 2023.
Francois Pachet, Pierre Roy, and Benoit Carre. Assisted music creation with flow machines: towards new categories of new, pages 485–520. Springer, 2021.
Bob LT Sturm, Ken Deguernel, Rujing S Huang, Andre Holzapfel, Ollie Bown, Nick Collins, Jonathan Sterne, Laura Cros Vila, Luca Casini, David Dalmazzo, et al. MusAIcology: AI music and the need for a new kind of music studies. SocArXiv Papers, 2024.
Jingyao Sang. The intersection of technology and art: A study on AI-driven CTCL music teaching paradigm. Research Square, 2024. pre-print.
Publicado
15/09/2025
Como Citar
BALIGHI, Ali.
From Programmer to Composer: A Survey of Creative Authorship in the Age of AI. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE COMPUTAÇÃO MUSICAL (SBCM), 19. , 2025, Campinas/SP.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2025
.
p. 98-105.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbcm.2025.13264.
