Fostering Collaboration through Design Thinking: A Study among Software Engineering Students
Resumo
Design Thinking has been recognized for its potential to enhance critical thinking and collaboration skills, particularly in the initial stages of software development. However, despite its benefits, the effectiveness of Design Thinking can be reduced by insufficient engagement from professionals. Thus, it is crucial to foster an integrated practice environment that cultivates both technical competencies and interpersonal skills, such as collaboration, to better prepare students for the complexities of the field. This study investigates the role of Design Thinking in promoting collaborative skills among software engineering students through a case study involving 22 undergraduates engaged in a Design Thinking project over an 18-weeks long semester. Our analysis of interactions, project artifacts, and questionnaires using the 3C collaboration model (Communication, Coordination, Cooperation) pointed out that the iterative, user-centered process of Design Thinking fostered teamwork, idea sharing, and collaborative problem-solving. Our findings indicate that integrating Design Thinking into computing curricula could effectively prepare future software engineers with the dual competencies—technical and collaborative skills—required in professional life. Furthermore, the study offers practical recommendations for educators on implementing Design Thinking to enhance student collaboration. These insights also have broader implications for industry and researchers, providing a framework for applying Design Thinking principles to foster teamwork and problem-solving skills in professional and academic settings. Future studies should explore the long-term impacts of Design Thinking on students’ professional performance and investigate additional strategies to enhance coordination within collaborative projects.
Palavras-chave:
Software Engineering, Collaboration, Design Thinking, Skills, Education
Referências
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Silvia Bordin and Antonella De Angeli. 2016. Communication Breakdowns in the Integration of User-centred Design and Agile Development (1 ed.). Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, Chapter 6, 137–161.
Rafael dos Santos Braz, José Reinaldo Merlin, Daniela Freitas Guilhermino Trindade, Carlos Eduardo Ribeiro, Ederson Marcos Sgarbi, and Fabio de Sordi Junior. 2019. Design Thinking and Scrum in Software Requirements Elicitation: A Case Study. In Design, User Experience, and Usability. Design Philosophy and Theory, Aaron Marcus and Wentao Wang (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 179–194.
Luis Corral and Ilenia Fronza. 2018. Design Thinking and Agile Practices for Software Engineering: An Opportunity for Innovation. In Proceedings of the Conference on Information Technology Education (Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA) (SIGITE ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 26–31.
Design Council. 1944. The Design Process: What is the Double Diamond? designcouncil.org.uk/
Hugo Fuks, Alberto Barbosa Raposo, Marco Aurélio Gerosa, Mariano Pimentel, Denise Filippo, and CJP de Lucena. 2011. Teorias e modelos de colaboração. Sistemas colaborativos (2011), 16–33.
Marco Aurélio Gerosa, Mariano Pimentel, Hugo Fuks, and Carlos José Pereira De Lucena. 2006. Development of groupware based on the 3C collaboration model and component technology. In Groupware: Design, Implementation, and Use: 12th International Workshop, CRIWG 2006, Medina del Campo, Spain, September 17-21, 2006. Proceedings 12. Springer, 302–309.
Klaus Krippendorff. 2018. Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage publications.
Michael Lewrick, Patrick Link, and Larry Leifer. 2020. The Design Thinking Toolbox: A Guide to Mastering the Most Popular and Valuable Innovation Methods (1 ed.). Vol. 1. John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, USA.
Anna B. Marques, Bruna Ferreira, Adriana Lopes, and Williamson Silva. 2020. Stimulating the development of soft skills in Software Engineering Education through Design Thinking. In Proceedings of the Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering (Natal, Brazil) (SBES ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 690–699.
Alexandra Matz and Panagiotis Germanakos. 2016. Increasing the Quality of Use Case Definition Through a Design Thinking Collaborative Method and an Alternative Hybrid Documentation Style. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning and Collaboration Technologies. Springer, Toronto, Canada, 48–59.
Sofia Ouhbi and Nuno Pombo. 2020. Software engineering education: Challenges and perspectives. In 2020 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). IEEE, 202–209.
Maria Palacin-Silva, Jayden Khakurel, Ari Happonen, Timo Hynninen, and Jari Porras. 2017. Infusing Design Thinking into a Software Engineering Capstone Course. In Proceedings of the Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training. 212–221.
Rafael Parizi, Marina Moreira, Igor Couto, Sabrina Marczak, and Tayana Conte. 2022. A Tool Proposal for Recommending Design Thinking Techniques in Software Development. Journal of Software Engineering Research and Development 10 (Mar. 2022), 3:1 – 3:15.
Rafael Parizi, Matheus Prestes, Sabrina Marczak, and Tayana Conte. 2022. How has Design Thinking being Used and Integrated into Software Development Activities? A Systematic Mapping. Journal of Systems and Software 187 (5 2022), 1–27.
Lauriane Pereira, Rafael Parizi, Matheus Prestes, Sabrina Marczak, and Tayana Conte. 2021. Towards an Understanding of Benefits and Challenges in the Use of Design Thinking in Requirements Engineering. In Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (Virtual Event, Republic of Korea) (SAC ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1338–1345.
Lauriane Pereira, Rafael Parizi, Matheus Prestes, Sabrina Marczak, and Tayana Conte. 2021. Towards an Understanding of Benefits and Challenges in the Use of Design Thinking in Requirements Engineering. In Proceedings of the Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing. ACM, Virtual Event, Republic of Korea, 1338–1345.
Matheus Prestes, Rafael Parizi, Sabrina Marczak, and Tayana Conte. 2020. On the Use of Design Thinking: A Survey of the Brazilian Agile Software Development Community. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Agile Software Development. Springer, Copenhagen, Denmark, 73–86.
Anderson Souza, Bruna Ferreira, Natasha Valentim, Lauriane Correa, Sabrina Marczak, and Tayana Conte. 2020. Supporting the Teaching of Design Thinking Techniques for Requirements Elicitation Through a Recommendation Tool. IET Software 14 (Dec 2020), 693–701. Issue 6.
Anderson Felipe Souza, Bruna Ferreira, Natasha Valentim, and Tayana Conte. 2018. An Experience Report on Teaching Multiple Design Thinking Techniques to Software Engineering Students. In Proceedings of the XXXII Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering (Sao Carlos, Brazil) (SBES ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 220–229.
United Nations. [n. d.]. Sustainable Development Goals. [link]. Accessed in 06/02/2024.
Yunwen Ye. 2006. Supporting software development as knowledge-intensive and collaborative activity. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Workshop on Interdisciplinary Software Engineering Research (Shanghai, China). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 15–22.
R.K. Yin. 2017. Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods. SAGE Publications.
Henri Bomström, Markus Kelanti, Elina Annanperä, Kari Liukkunen, Terhi Kilamo, Outi Sievi-Korte, and Kari Systä. 2023. Information needs and presentation in agile software development. Information and Software Technology 162 (2023), 107265.
Silvia Bordin and Antonella De Angeli. 2016. Communication Breakdowns in the Integration of User-centred Design and Agile Development (1 ed.). Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, Chapter 6, 137–161.
Rafael dos Santos Braz, José Reinaldo Merlin, Daniela Freitas Guilhermino Trindade, Carlos Eduardo Ribeiro, Ederson Marcos Sgarbi, and Fabio de Sordi Junior. 2019. Design Thinking and Scrum in Software Requirements Elicitation: A Case Study. In Design, User Experience, and Usability. Design Philosophy and Theory, Aaron Marcus and Wentao Wang (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 179–194.
Luis Corral and Ilenia Fronza. 2018. Design Thinking and Agile Practices for Software Engineering: An Opportunity for Innovation. In Proceedings of the Conference on Information Technology Education (Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA) (SIGITE ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 26–31.
Design Council. 1944. The Design Process: What is the Double Diamond? designcouncil.org.uk/
Hugo Fuks, Alberto Barbosa Raposo, Marco Aurélio Gerosa, Mariano Pimentel, Denise Filippo, and CJP de Lucena. 2011. Teorias e modelos de colaboração. Sistemas colaborativos (2011), 16–33.
Marco Aurélio Gerosa, Mariano Pimentel, Hugo Fuks, and Carlos José Pereira De Lucena. 2006. Development of groupware based on the 3C collaboration model and component technology. In Groupware: Design, Implementation, and Use: 12th International Workshop, CRIWG 2006, Medina del Campo, Spain, September 17-21, 2006. Proceedings 12. Springer, 302–309.
Klaus Krippendorff. 2018. Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage publications.
Michael Lewrick, Patrick Link, and Larry Leifer. 2020. The Design Thinking Toolbox: A Guide to Mastering the Most Popular and Valuable Innovation Methods (1 ed.). Vol. 1. John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, USA.
Anna B. Marques, Bruna Ferreira, Adriana Lopes, and Williamson Silva. 2020. Stimulating the development of soft skills in Software Engineering Education through Design Thinking. In Proceedings of the Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering (Natal, Brazil) (SBES ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 690–699.
Alexandra Matz and Panagiotis Germanakos. 2016. Increasing the Quality of Use Case Definition Through a Design Thinking Collaborative Method and an Alternative Hybrid Documentation Style. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning and Collaboration Technologies. Springer, Toronto, Canada, 48–59.
Sofia Ouhbi and Nuno Pombo. 2020. Software engineering education: Challenges and perspectives. In 2020 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). IEEE, 202–209.
Maria Palacin-Silva, Jayden Khakurel, Ari Happonen, Timo Hynninen, and Jari Porras. 2017. Infusing Design Thinking into a Software Engineering Capstone Course. In Proceedings of the Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training. 212–221.
Rafael Parizi, Marina Moreira, Igor Couto, Sabrina Marczak, and Tayana Conte. 2022. A Tool Proposal for Recommending Design Thinking Techniques in Software Development. Journal of Software Engineering Research and Development 10 (Mar. 2022), 3:1 – 3:15.
Rafael Parizi, Matheus Prestes, Sabrina Marczak, and Tayana Conte. 2022. How has Design Thinking being Used and Integrated into Software Development Activities? A Systematic Mapping. Journal of Systems and Software 187 (5 2022), 1–27.
Lauriane Pereira, Rafael Parizi, Matheus Prestes, Sabrina Marczak, and Tayana Conte. 2021. Towards an Understanding of Benefits and Challenges in the Use of Design Thinking in Requirements Engineering. In Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (Virtual Event, Republic of Korea) (SAC ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1338–1345.
Lauriane Pereira, Rafael Parizi, Matheus Prestes, Sabrina Marczak, and Tayana Conte. 2021. Towards an Understanding of Benefits and Challenges in the Use of Design Thinking in Requirements Engineering. In Proceedings of the Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing. ACM, Virtual Event, Republic of Korea, 1338–1345.
Matheus Prestes, Rafael Parizi, Sabrina Marczak, and Tayana Conte. 2020. On the Use of Design Thinking: A Survey of the Brazilian Agile Software Development Community. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Agile Software Development. Springer, Copenhagen, Denmark, 73–86.
Anderson Souza, Bruna Ferreira, Natasha Valentim, Lauriane Correa, Sabrina Marczak, and Tayana Conte. 2020. Supporting the Teaching of Design Thinking Techniques for Requirements Elicitation Through a Recommendation Tool. IET Software 14 (Dec 2020), 693–701. Issue 6.
Anderson Felipe Souza, Bruna Ferreira, Natasha Valentim, and Tayana Conte. 2018. An Experience Report on Teaching Multiple Design Thinking Techniques to Software Engineering Students. In Proceedings of the XXXII Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering (Sao Carlos, Brazil) (SBES ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 220–229.
United Nations. [n. d.]. Sustainable Development Goals. [link]. Accessed in 06/02/2024.
Yunwen Ye. 2006. Supporting software development as knowledge-intensive and collaborative activity. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Workshop on Interdisciplinary Software Engineering Research (Shanghai, China). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 15–22.
R.K. Yin. 2017. Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods. SAGE Publications.
Publicado
30/09/2024
Como Citar
ABICH, Dariane; PARIZI, Rafael; MARCZAK, Sabrina.
Fostering Collaboration through Design Thinking: A Study among Software Engineering Students. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA DE SOFTWARE (SBES), 38. , 2024, Curitiba/PR.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2024
.
p. 529-539.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbes.2024.3544.
