Analysis of Multi-Hop Strategies in LEACH Protocol
Resumo
Although promising, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) still have energetic limitations to overcome. One of the most used techniques to overcome these limitations is clustering. Clustering protocols like LEACH are capable of reducing communication costs by exploring data aggregation inside clusters. Another primary technique is multi-hop routing, which is a very efficient way to relay packets in the network. We evaluate different multi-hop strategies in LEACH networks. The experiments evaluate the networks for a large variety of parameters like area, packets size, the number of frames, among others. We measure the network lifetime as a performance indicator. The results point out that intra-cluster multi-hop is the most suitable option for most of the network configurations.
Palavras-chave:
Wireless Sensor Networks
Referências
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J. N. Al-Karaki A. E. Kamal "Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: a survey" IEEE wireless communications vol. 11 no. 6 pp. 6-28 2004.
E. Alnawafa I. Marghescu "Mht: Multi-hop technique for the improvement of leach protocol" 2016 15th RoEduNet Conference: Networking in Education and Research pp. 1-5 2016.
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L. Atzori A. Iera G. Morabito "The internet of things: A survey" Computer networks vol. 54 no. 15 pp. 2787-2805 2010.
M. S. Bahbahani E. Alsusa "Dc-leach: A duty-cycle based clustering protocol for energy harvesting wsns" 2017 13th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC) pp. 974-979 2017.
A. M. Bongale A. Swarup S. Shivam "Eip-leach: Energy influenced probability based leach protocol for wireless sensor network" 2017 International Conference on Emerging Trends & Innovation in ICT (ICEI) pp. 77-81 2017.
S. M. Bozorgi A. S. Rostami A. A. R. Hosseinabadi V. E. Balas "A new clustering protocol for energy harvesting-wireless sensor networks" Computers & Electrical Engineering vol. 64 pp. 233-247 2017.
Z. Chen K. Chen "An improved multi-hop routing protocol for large-scale wireless sensor network based on merging adjacent clusters" JSW vol. 8 no. 8 pp. 2080-2086 2013.
M. O. Farooq A. B. Dogar G. A. Shah. Mr-leach "multi-hop routing with low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy" 2010 Fourth International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications pp. 262-268 2010.
G. Fleury "Méthodes stochastiques et déterministes pour les problèmes NP-difficiles" PhD thesis 2 1993.
S. Gupta N. Marriwala "Improved distance energy based leach protocol for cluster head election in wireless sensor networks" 2017 4th International Conference on Signal Processing Computing and Control (ISPCC) pp. 91-96 2017.
W. B. Heinzelman A. P. Chandrakasan H. Balakrishnan et al. "An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks" IEEE Transactions on wireless communications vol. 1 no. 4 pp. 660-670 2002.
W. R. Heinzelman A. Chandrakasan H. Balakrishnan "Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks" Proceedings of the 33rd annual Hawaii international conference on system sciences pp. 10 2000.
S. Hu J. Han X. Wei Z. Chen "A multi-hop heterogeneous cluster-based optimization algorithm for wireless sensor networks" Wireless Networks vol. 21 no. 1 pp. 57-65 2015.
M. Kaddi K. Benahmed M. Omari "Leach-kang: A new routing protocol for wsn based on leach protocol and kangaroo method" 2017 International Conference on Mathematics and Information Technology (ICMIT) pp. 273-278 2017.
S. Lindsey C. S. Raghavendra "Pegasis: Power-efficient gathering in sensor information systems" Proceedings IEEE aerospace conference vol. 3 pp. 3-3 2002.
K. Lorincz B.-r. Chen G. W. Challen A. R. Chowdhury S. Patel P. Bonato M. Welsh et al. "Mercury: a wearable sensor network platform for high-fidelity motion analysis" SenSys vol. 9 pp. 183-196 2009.
V. Loscri G. Morabito S. Marano "A two-levels hierarchy for low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (tl-leach)" IEEE vehicular technology conference vol. 62 pp. 1809 1999 2005.
A. Razaque M. Abdulgader C. Joshi F. Amsaad M. Chauhan "P-leach: energy efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks" 2016 IEEE Long Island Systems Applications and Technology Conference (LISAT) pp. 1-5 2016.
H. Salmabadi M. A. Sarram F. Adibnia "An improvement on leach protocol (ez-leach)" 2015 2nd International Conference on Knowledge-Based Engineering and Innovation (KBEI) pp. 956-960 2015.
G. Simon M. Maróti Á. Lédeczi G. Balogh B. Kusy A. Nádas G. Pap J. Sallai K. Frampton "Sensor network-based countersniper system" Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems pp. 1-12 2004.
J. Singh A. K. Mishra et al. "Clustering algorithms for wireless sensor networks: a review" 2015 2nd International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom) pp. 637-642 2015.
C. T. Sony C. Sangeetha C. Suriyakala "Multi-hop leach protocol with modified cluster head selection and tdma schedule for wireless sensor networks" 2015 Global Conference on Communication Technologies (GCCT) pp. 539-543 2015.
P. L. Tavares "Redes de sensores sem-fio" Rio de Janeiro 2002.
G. Werner-Allen K. Lorincz M. Ruiz O. Marcillo J. Johnson J. Lees M. Welsh "Deploying a wireless sensor network on an active volcano" IEEE internet computing vol. 10 no. 2 pp. 18-25 2006.
F. Xiangning S. Yulin "Improvement on leach protocol of wireless sensor network" 2007 International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications (SENSORCOMM 2007) pp. 260-264 2007.
A. Yektaparast F.-H. Nabavi A. Sarmast "An improvement on leach protocol (cell-leach)" 2012 14th international conference on advanced communication technology (ICACT) pp. 992-996 2012.
J. Yick B. Mukherjee D. Ghosal "Wireless sensor network survey" Computer networks vol. 52 no. 12 pp. 2292-2330 2008.
P. Zhang C. M. Sadler S. A. Lyon M. Martonosi "Hardware design experiences in zebranet" Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems pp. 227-238 2004.
J. N. Al-Karaki A. E. Kamal "Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: a survey" IEEE wireless communications vol. 11 no. 6 pp. 6-28 2004.
E. Alnawafa I. Marghescu "Mht: Multi-hop technique for the improvement of leach protocol" 2016 15th RoEduNet Conference: Networking in Education and Research pp. 1-5 2016.
E. Alnawafa I. Marghescu "Imht: Improved mht-leach protocol for wireless sensor networks" 2017 8th international conference on information and communication systems (ICICS) pp. 246-251 2017.
L. Atzori A. Iera G. Morabito "The internet of things: A survey" Computer networks vol. 54 no. 15 pp. 2787-2805 2010.
M. S. Bahbahani E. Alsusa "Dc-leach: A duty-cycle based clustering protocol for energy harvesting wsns" 2017 13th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC) pp. 974-979 2017.
A. M. Bongale A. Swarup S. Shivam "Eip-leach: Energy influenced probability based leach protocol for wireless sensor network" 2017 International Conference on Emerging Trends & Innovation in ICT (ICEI) pp. 77-81 2017.
S. M. Bozorgi A. S. Rostami A. A. R. Hosseinabadi V. E. Balas "A new clustering protocol for energy harvesting-wireless sensor networks" Computers & Electrical Engineering vol. 64 pp. 233-247 2017.
Z. Chen K. Chen "An improved multi-hop routing protocol for large-scale wireless sensor network based on merging adjacent clusters" JSW vol. 8 no. 8 pp. 2080-2086 2013.
M. O. Farooq A. B. Dogar G. A. Shah. Mr-leach "multi-hop routing with low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy" 2010 Fourth International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications pp. 262-268 2010.
G. Fleury "Méthodes stochastiques et déterministes pour les problèmes NP-difficiles" PhD thesis 2 1993.
S. Gupta N. Marriwala "Improved distance energy based leach protocol for cluster head election in wireless sensor networks" 2017 4th International Conference on Signal Processing Computing and Control (ISPCC) pp. 91-96 2017.
W. B. Heinzelman A. P. Chandrakasan H. Balakrishnan et al. "An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks" IEEE Transactions on wireless communications vol. 1 no. 4 pp. 660-670 2002.
W. R. Heinzelman A. Chandrakasan H. Balakrishnan "Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks" Proceedings of the 33rd annual Hawaii international conference on system sciences pp. 10 2000.
S. Hu J. Han X. Wei Z. Chen "A multi-hop heterogeneous cluster-based optimization algorithm for wireless sensor networks" Wireless Networks vol. 21 no. 1 pp. 57-65 2015.
M. Kaddi K. Benahmed M. Omari "Leach-kang: A new routing protocol for wsn based on leach protocol and kangaroo method" 2017 International Conference on Mathematics and Information Technology (ICMIT) pp. 273-278 2017.
S. Lindsey C. S. Raghavendra "Pegasis: Power-efficient gathering in sensor information systems" Proceedings IEEE aerospace conference vol. 3 pp. 3-3 2002.
K. Lorincz B.-r. Chen G. W. Challen A. R. Chowdhury S. Patel P. Bonato M. Welsh et al. "Mercury: a wearable sensor network platform for high-fidelity motion analysis" SenSys vol. 9 pp. 183-196 2009.
V. Loscri G. Morabito S. Marano "A two-levels hierarchy for low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (tl-leach)" IEEE vehicular technology conference vol. 62 pp. 1809 1999 2005.
A. Razaque M. Abdulgader C. Joshi F. Amsaad M. Chauhan "P-leach: energy efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks" 2016 IEEE Long Island Systems Applications and Technology Conference (LISAT) pp. 1-5 2016.
H. Salmabadi M. A. Sarram F. Adibnia "An improvement on leach protocol (ez-leach)" 2015 2nd International Conference on Knowledge-Based Engineering and Innovation (KBEI) pp. 956-960 2015.
G. Simon M. Maróti Á. Lédeczi G. Balogh B. Kusy A. Nádas G. Pap J. Sallai K. Frampton "Sensor network-based countersniper system" Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems pp. 1-12 2004.
J. Singh A. K. Mishra et al. "Clustering algorithms for wireless sensor networks: a review" 2015 2nd International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom) pp. 637-642 2015.
C. T. Sony C. Sangeetha C. Suriyakala "Multi-hop leach protocol with modified cluster head selection and tdma schedule for wireless sensor networks" 2015 Global Conference on Communication Technologies (GCCT) pp. 539-543 2015.
P. L. Tavares "Redes de sensores sem-fio" Rio de Janeiro 2002.
G. Werner-Allen K. Lorincz M. Ruiz O. Marcillo J. Johnson J. Lees M. Welsh "Deploying a wireless sensor network on an active volcano" IEEE internet computing vol. 10 no. 2 pp. 18-25 2006.
F. Xiangning S. Yulin "Improvement on leach protocol of wireless sensor network" 2007 International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications (SENSORCOMM 2007) pp. 260-264 2007.
A. Yektaparast F.-H. Nabavi A. Sarmast "An improvement on leach protocol (cell-leach)" 2012 14th international conference on advanced communication technology (ICACT) pp. 992-996 2012.
J. Yick B. Mukherjee D. Ghosal "Wireless sensor network survey" Computer networks vol. 52 no. 12 pp. 2292-2330 2008.
P. Zhang C. M. Sadler S. A. Lyon M. Martonosi "Hardware design experiences in zebranet" Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems pp. 227-238 2004.
Publicado
19/11/2019
Como Citar
PINHEIRO, Diego; GARÇA, Juliana; DE LIMA, Otávio; FURTADO JÚNIOR, Corneli.
Analysis of Multi-Hop Strategies in LEACH Protocol. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA DE SISTEMAS COMPUTACIONAIS (SBESC), 9. , 2019, Natal.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2019
.
p. 9-16.
ISSN 2237-5430.
