A middleware for systems consumes Ethereum data in soft real-time: a Semantic Web approach
Resumo
Blockchain is already advancing in journeys beyond cryptocurrency applications, and Ethereum, already called the world's computer, is going on a path that intends to reinvent the internet or Web 3.0, currently the leading platform for deploying so-called distributed applications (DApp). The growth of these Dapps in different spheres of society, as Smart Cities and Industry 4.0 IoT applications demand new proposals and models that integrate Ethereum and its ecosystem data with existing datasets on the traditional Web. This work presents our efforts to apply ontologies representing an Ethereum network and ecosystem using the Semantic Web model to extract and link its data. We show EthExtras a new ontology that extends and simplifies the EthOn, and as proof of concept and sample of use, we design a middleware web that exposed as RDF graphs the Ethereum data in soft real-time.
Palavras-chave:
Blockchain, Ethereum, Semantic Web, Smart Contract
Referências
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https://github.com/celiomarcio/semanticethon, "https://github.com/celiomarcio/semanticethon". [Online]. Available: https://ethon.herokuapp.com/
https://ethon.herokuapp.com/, “https://ethon.herokuapp.com/.” [Online]. Available: https://ethon.herokuapp.com/
D. Guinard and V. Trifa, “Towards the web of things: Web mashups for embedded devices,” in WWW 2009, 2009.
M. Compton, P. Barnaghi, L. Bermudez, R. García-Castro, O. Corcho, S. Cox, J. Graybeal, M. Hauswirth, C. Henson, A. Herzog, V. Huang, K. Janowicz, W. D. Kelsey, D. L. Phuoc, L. Lefort, M. Leggieri, H. Neuhaus, A. Nikolov, K. Page, A. Passant, A. Sheth, and K. Taylor, “The ssn ontology of the w3c semantic sensor network incubator group,” Journal of Web Semantics, vol. 17, pp. 25 – 32, 2012. [Online]. Available: [link]
M. Serrano, H. N. M. Quoc, D. Le Phuoc, M. Hauswirth, J. Soldatos, N. Kefalakis, P. P. Jayaraman, and A. Zaslavsky, “Defining the stack for service delivery models and interoperability in the internet of things: A practical case with openiot-vdk,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 676–689, April 2015.
https://etherscan.io, “https://etherscan.io.” [Online]. Available: https://etherscan.io
O. Novo, “Blockchain meets iot: An architecture for scalable access management in iot,” IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 1184–1195, April 2018.
A. Kuzmin, “Blockchain-based structures for a secure and operate iot,” in 2017 Internet of Things Business Models, Users, and Networks, Nov 2017, pp. 1–7.
EthOn, “Ethon: Ethereum ontology.” [Online]. Available: https://ethon.consensys.net/
M. Kõlvart, M. Poola, and A. Rull, Smart Contracts. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016, pp. 133–147. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26896-5_7
infura.io, “Infura,” Last Visited in 07/04/2021. [Online]. Available: https://infura.io
J. Cano-Benito, A. Cimmino, and R. García-Castro, “Towards blockchain and semantic web,” in Business Information Systems Workshops, W. Abramowicz and R. Corchuelo, Eds. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019, pp. 220–231.
A. Olivé, “The conceptual schema of ethereum,” in Conceptual Modeling, G. Dobbie, U. Frank, G. Kappel, S. W. Liddle, and H. C. Mayr, Eds. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020, pp. 418–428.
U.-R. Hector and C.-L. Boris, “Blondie: Blockchain ontology with dynamic extensibility,” 2020.
A. Third and J. Domingue, “Linked data indexing of distributed ledgers,” in Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web Companion, ser. WWW ’17 Companion. Republic and Canton of Geneva, CHE: International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee, 2017, p. 1431–1436. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1145/3041021.3053895
M. Sharples and J. Domingue, “The blockchain and kudos: A distributed system for educational record, reputation and reward,” in Adaptive and Adaptable Learning, K. Verbert, M. Sharples, and T. Klobu?car, Eds. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016, pp. 490–496.
D. Graux, G. Sejdiu, H. Jabeen, J. Lehmann, D. Sui, D. Muhs, and J. Pfeffer, “Profiting from Kitties on Ethereum: Leveraging Blockchain RDF with SANSA,” in 14th International Conference on Semantic Systems, Poster & Demos, 2018. [Online]. Available: [link]
Aleth.io, “Aleth.io.” [Online]. Available: https://docs.aleth.io/
M. Ruta, F. Scioscia, S. Ieva, G. Capurso, and E. Di Sciascio, “Supply chain object discovery with semantic-enhanced blockchain,” in Proceedings of the 15th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems, ser. SenSys ’17. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1145/3131672.3136974
E. Androulaki, A. Barger, V. Bortnikov, C. Cachin, K. Christidis, A. De Caro, D. Enyeart, C. Ferris, G. Laventman, Y. Manevich, S. Muralidharan, C. Murthy, B. Nguyen, M. Sethi, G. Singh, K. Smith, A. Sorniotti, C. Stathakopoulou, M. Vukolic, S. W. Cocco, and J. Yellick, “Hyperledger fabric: A distributed operating system for permissioned blockchains,” in Proceedings of the Thirteenth EuroSys Conference, ser. EuroSys ’18. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018, pp. 30:1–30:15. [Online]. Available: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3190508.3190538
H. Ugarte, “A more pragmatic web 3.0: Linked blockchain data.” [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315619465 A more pragmatic Web 30 Linked Blockchain Data.
A. Cimmino, R. García-Castro, and J. Cano-Benito, “Benchmarking the efficiency of rdf-based access for blockchain environments,” in SEKE, 2020.
Web3.py, “Web3.py.” [Online]. Available: https://web3py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/#
E. Specification, “Ethon specification.” [Online]. Available: https://consensys.github.io/EthOn/EthOn_spec.html
E. Ontology, “Ethextras ontology.” [Online]. Available: https://ethon.herokuapp.com/ethextras.owl#
S. University, “Protégé.” [Online]. Available: https://protege.stanford.edu/
K. Vandikas and V. Tsiatsis, “Performance evaluation of an iot platform,” in 2014 Eighth International Conference on Next Generation Mobile Apps, Services and Technologies, 2014, pp. 141–146.
https://github.com/celiomarcio/semanticethon, "https://github.com/celiomarcio/semanticethon". [Online]. Available: https://ethon.herokuapp.com/
https://ethon.herokuapp.com/, “https://ethon.herokuapp.com/.” [Online]. Available: https://ethon.herokuapp.com/
D. Guinard and V. Trifa, “Towards the web of things: Web mashups for embedded devices,” in WWW 2009, 2009.
M. Compton, P. Barnaghi, L. Bermudez, R. García-Castro, O. Corcho, S. Cox, J. Graybeal, M. Hauswirth, C. Henson, A. Herzog, V. Huang, K. Janowicz, W. D. Kelsey, D. L. Phuoc, L. Lefort, M. Leggieri, H. Neuhaus, A. Nikolov, K. Page, A. Passant, A. Sheth, and K. Taylor, “The ssn ontology of the w3c semantic sensor network incubator group,” Journal of Web Semantics, vol. 17, pp. 25 – 32, 2012. [Online]. Available: [link]
M. Serrano, H. N. M. Quoc, D. Le Phuoc, M. Hauswirth, J. Soldatos, N. Kefalakis, P. P. Jayaraman, and A. Zaslavsky, “Defining the stack for service delivery models and interoperability in the internet of things: A practical case with openiot-vdk,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 676–689, April 2015.
https://etherscan.io, “https://etherscan.io.” [Online]. Available: https://etherscan.io
Publicado
22/11/2021
Como Citar
FERREIRA, Célio Márcio Soares; GARROCHO, Charles Tim Batista; CAVALCANTI, Carlos Frederico Marcelo da Cunha; SILVA, Jorge Sá; OLIVEIRA, Ricardo Augusto Rabelo.
A middleware for systems consumes Ethereum data in soft real-time: a Semantic Web approach. In: TRABALHOS EM ANDAMENTO - SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA DE SISTEMAS COMPUTACIONAIS (SBESC), 11. , 2021, Evento Online.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2021
.
p. 122-127.
ISSN 2763-9002.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbesc_estendido.2021.18503.
