Are You Seeing This? What Is Available and How Can We Include Blind Students in Virtual UML Learning Activities
Resumo
The inclusion of blind students in computer education programs involves several challenges. When considering virtual learning activities of UML – Unified Modeling Language, lecturers cannot use some of the solutions adopted in the traditional classroom. In this context, this paper presents the main challenges related to the inclusion of blind students in virtual learning activities of UML, establishes the requirements needed to make this inclusion possible and discusses whether existing tools can be used for this purpose. The results indicate a lack of solutions that enable the inclusion of blind students in these activities without affecting transactional distance.
Palavras-chave:
Blind Students, UML, Learning, Inclusion, Assistive Technologies
Referências
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Arrigo, M. (2005). E-learning accessibility for blind students. Recent Research Developments in Learning Technologies.
Azevedo, W. (2002). Teoria da distância transacional. Revista Brasileira de Aprendizagem Aberta e a Distância.
Brookshire, R. G. (2006). Teaching UML Database Modeling to Visually Impaired Students. Issues in Information Systems, 7(1), 98-101.
Christian, K. (2000). Design of haptic and tactile interfaces for blind users. Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland.
Cook. A. M. and Polgar, J. M. (2013) Cook and Hussey's assistive technologies: principles and practice. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2013.
Cowens, M. W., Gilkes, A. M., & Taylor, L. A. (1996). U.S. Patent No. 5,580,251. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Dobing, B. and Parsons, J. (2006). How UML is used. Communications of the ACM, 49(5), 109-113.
Grillo, F. D. N., de Mattos Fortes, R. P. and Lucrédio, D. (2012). Towards collaboration between sighted and visually impaired developers in the context of Model-Driven Engineering. Available at [link]. Visited: 8th may 2014.
King, A., Blenkhorn, P., Crombie, D., Dijkstra, S., Evans, G. and Wood, J. (2004). Presenting UML software engineering diagrams to blind people. In Computers Helping People with Special Needs (pp. 522-529). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Loitsch, C. and Weber, G. (2012). Viable haptic UML for blind people. In Computers Helping People with Special Needs (pp. 509-516). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Lötzsch, J. (1994). Computer-aided access to tactile graphics for the blind. In Computers for Handicapped Persons (pp. 575-581). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Luque, L. and Silva, R. R. (2011). Acessibilidade em Java. JavaMagazine, 96, Rio de Janeiro.
Luque, L., Veriscimo, E. S., Pereira, G. C., & Filgueiras, L. V. L. (2014). Can We Work Together? On the Inclusion of Blind People in UML Model-Based Tasks. In Inclusive Designing (pp. 223-233). Springer International Publishing.
Marlier, E. (Ed.). (2007). The EU and social inclusion: facing the challenges. The Policy Press.
Massof, R. W. (2003). Auditory assistive devices for the blind. In International Conference on Auditory Display, Boston (pp. 271-275).
Mazzotta, M. J. S. and D'Antino, M. E. F. (2011). Inclusão social de pessoas com deficiências e necessidades especiais: cultura, educação e lazer. Saúde e Sociedade, 20(2), 377-389.
McMullen, D. and Fitzpatrick, D. (2009). Autonomous access to graphics for visually impaired learners. Available at: [link]. Visited: 8th may 2014.
Metatla, O., Bryan-Kinns, N. and Stockman, T. (2008). Constructing relational diagrams in audio: the multiple perspective hierarchical approach. In Proceedings of the 10th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility.
Metatla, O. et al. (2012). Cross-modal collaborative interaction between visually impaired and sighted users in the workplace. Available at: [link]. Visited: 10th may 2014.
Moore, M. G. (2002) Teoria da distância transacional. Revista Brasileira de Educação a Distância, 1(1).
Müller, K. (2012). How to make unified modeling language diagrams accessible for blind students. In Computers Helping People with Special Needs (pp. 186-190).
UN (2013). Human functioning and disability. Disponível em: [link]
Owen, C. B. et al. (2014). Teaching Modern Object-Oriented Programming to the Blind: An Instructor and Student Experience. ASEE Annual Conference.
Pansanato, L. T. E. et al. (2012). Projeto D4ALL: acesso e manipulação de diagramas por pessoas com deficiência visual. In Proceedings of the 11th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 33-36).
Penterich, E. (2005). Ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem. Sala de Aula e Tecnologias. São Paulo: Editora da Universidade Metodista de São Paulo.
Piovesan, S. D. et al. (2013). Sistema Imersivo para Pessoas com Deficiência. In Anais do Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação, 24(1), 2013.
Pless, N. and Maak, T. (2004). Building an inclusive diversity culture: Principles, processes and practice. Journal of Business Ethics, 54(2), 2004.
Ramires, L. O. et al. (2013). Como a Tecnologia Assistiva tem auxiliado o Processo de Ensino/Aprendizagem? Mapeamento Sistemático a partir dos Trabalhos Publicados no SBIE. In Anais do Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação, 24 (1).
Santos, L. G., Bandeira, A. L., Pansanato, L. T., & Paiva, D. (2012). Recursos de acessibilidade para auxiliar a navegação de estudantes cegos em um editor de diagramas. In Anais do Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação, 23 (1).
Silva, C. E., Pansanato, L. T. and Fabri, J. A. (2010). Ensinando Diagramas UML para Estudantes Cegos. XVIII CIESC–XXXVI CLEI.
Tabs, E. D., Waits, T., & Lewis, L. (2003). Distance education at degree-granting postsecondary institutions: 2000-2001. Washington: US Department of Education.
Tanaka, E. H., & Rocha, H. V. D. (2004). O redesign do HagáQuê visando acessibilidade. In Anais do Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação, 1 (1).
Tori, R. (2010). Educação sem distância. Senac.
Arrigo, M. (2005). E-learning accessibility for blind students. Recent Research Developments in Learning Technologies.
Azevedo, W. (2002). Teoria da distância transacional. Revista Brasileira de Aprendizagem Aberta e a Distância.
Brookshire, R. G. (2006). Teaching UML Database Modeling to Visually Impaired Students. Issues in Information Systems, 7(1), 98-101.
Christian, K. (2000). Design of haptic and tactile interfaces for blind users. Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland.
Cook. A. M. and Polgar, J. M. (2013) Cook and Hussey's assistive technologies: principles and practice. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2013.
Cowens, M. W., Gilkes, A. M., & Taylor, L. A. (1996). U.S. Patent No. 5,580,251. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Dobing, B. and Parsons, J. (2006). How UML is used. Communications of the ACM, 49(5), 109-113.
Grillo, F. D. N., de Mattos Fortes, R. P. and Lucrédio, D. (2012). Towards collaboration between sighted and visually impaired developers in the context of Model-Driven Engineering. Available at [link]. Visited: 8th may 2014.
King, A., Blenkhorn, P., Crombie, D., Dijkstra, S., Evans, G. and Wood, J. (2004). Presenting UML software engineering diagrams to blind people. In Computers Helping People with Special Needs (pp. 522-529). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Loitsch, C. and Weber, G. (2012). Viable haptic UML for blind people. In Computers Helping People with Special Needs (pp. 509-516). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Lötzsch, J. (1994). Computer-aided access to tactile graphics for the blind. In Computers for Handicapped Persons (pp. 575-581). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Luque, L. and Silva, R. R. (2011). Acessibilidade em Java. JavaMagazine, 96, Rio de Janeiro.
Luque, L., Veriscimo, E. S., Pereira, G. C., & Filgueiras, L. V. L. (2014). Can We Work Together? On the Inclusion of Blind People in UML Model-Based Tasks. In Inclusive Designing (pp. 223-233). Springer International Publishing.
Marlier, E. (Ed.). (2007). The EU and social inclusion: facing the challenges. The Policy Press.
Massof, R. W. (2003). Auditory assistive devices for the blind. In International Conference on Auditory Display, Boston (pp. 271-275).
Mazzotta, M. J. S. and D'Antino, M. E. F. (2011). Inclusão social de pessoas com deficiências e necessidades especiais: cultura, educação e lazer. Saúde e Sociedade, 20(2), 377-389.
McMullen, D. and Fitzpatrick, D. (2009). Autonomous access to graphics for visually impaired learners. Available at: [link]. Visited: 8th may 2014.
Metatla, O., Bryan-Kinns, N. and Stockman, T. (2008). Constructing relational diagrams in audio: the multiple perspective hierarchical approach. In Proceedings of the 10th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility.
Metatla, O. et al. (2012). Cross-modal collaborative interaction between visually impaired and sighted users in the workplace. Available at: [link]. Visited: 10th may 2014.
Moore, M. G. (2002) Teoria da distância transacional. Revista Brasileira de Educação a Distância, 1(1).
Müller, K. (2012). How to make unified modeling language diagrams accessible for blind students. In Computers Helping People with Special Needs (pp. 186-190).
UN (2013). Human functioning and disability. Disponível em: [link]
Owen, C. B. et al. (2014). Teaching Modern Object-Oriented Programming to the Blind: An Instructor and Student Experience. ASEE Annual Conference.
Pansanato, L. T. E. et al. (2012). Projeto D4ALL: acesso e manipulação de diagramas por pessoas com deficiência visual. In Proceedings of the 11th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 33-36).
Penterich, E. (2005). Ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem. Sala de Aula e Tecnologias. São Paulo: Editora da Universidade Metodista de São Paulo.
Piovesan, S. D. et al. (2013). Sistema Imersivo para Pessoas com Deficiência. In Anais do Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação, 24(1), 2013.
Pless, N. and Maak, T. (2004). Building an inclusive diversity culture: Principles, processes and practice. Journal of Business Ethics, 54(2), 2004.
Ramires, L. O. et al. (2013). Como a Tecnologia Assistiva tem auxiliado o Processo de Ensino/Aprendizagem? Mapeamento Sistemático a partir dos Trabalhos Publicados no SBIE. In Anais do Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação, 24 (1).
Santos, L. G., Bandeira, A. L., Pansanato, L. T., & Paiva, D. (2012). Recursos de acessibilidade para auxiliar a navegação de estudantes cegos em um editor de diagramas. In Anais do Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação, 23 (1).
Silva, C. E., Pansanato, L. T. and Fabri, J. A. (2010). Ensinando Diagramas UML para Estudantes Cegos. XVIII CIESC–XXXVI CLEI.
Tabs, E. D., Waits, T., & Lewis, L. (2003). Distance education at degree-granting postsecondary institutions: 2000-2001. Washington: US Department of Education.
Tanaka, E. H., & Rocha, H. V. D. (2004). O redesign do HagáQuê visando acessibilidade. In Anais do Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação, 1 (1).
Tori, R. (2010). Educação sem distância. Senac.
Publicado
03/11/2014
Como Citar
LUQUE, Leandro; BRANDÃO, Leônidas O.; TORI, Romero; BRANDÃO, Anarosa A. F..
Are You Seeing This? What Is Available and How Can We Include Blind Students in Virtual UML Learning Activities. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE INFORMÁTICA NA EDUCAÇÃO (SBIE), 25. , 2014, Dourados/MS.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2014
.
p. 204-213.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/cbie.sbie.2014.204.
