OntoKSD: A Semantic Model for Competence Traceability in Computing Education
Resumo
Competence-based Computing Education requires mechanisms capable of connecting curricular specifications, instructional tasks, assessment participation, and learning evidence. However, these elements are often represented in isolation, limiting competence traceability. This paper presents OntoKSD, an ontology-based model that represents competences through Knowledge–Skill–Disposition (K–S–D) structures and connects competence specifications to instructional tasks, evidence artifacts, and proficiency interpretations. An evaluation conducted across undergraduate and integrated secondary-level Computing Education scenarios indicates that OntoKSD supports the reconstruction of competence–task–evidence relations and comparisons between curricular expectations and proficiency interpretations.
Palavras-chave:
Competence Traceability, Ontology-Based Modeling, Computing Education
Referências
ACM CCECC (2023). Bloom's for Computing: Enhancing Bloom's Revised Taxonomy with Verbs for Computing Disciplines. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA.
Almeida, J., Falbo, R., Guizzardi, G., and Prince Sales, T. (2020). gufo: A lightweight implementation of the unified foundational ontology (ufo).
Anderson, L. W., Krathwohl, D. R., Airasian, P. W., Cruikshank, K. A., Mayer, R. E., Pintrich, P. R., Raths, J., and Wittrock, M. C. (2001). A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. Pearson, New York, NY, complete edition. Revised edition of: Taxonomy of educational objectives / Benjamin S. Bloom, 1956.
Calhau, R., Almeida, J., Barcelos, P., Guizzardi, G., and Prince Sales, T. (2024). Core-o: A competence reference ontology for professional and learning ecosystems.
Calhau, R. F., Azevedo, C. L. B., and Almeida, J. P. A. (2021). Towards ontology-based competence modeling in enterprise architecture. In 2021 IEEE 25th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (EDOC), pages 71–81.
Calhau, R. F., Kokkula, S., Cameron, D., Guizzardi, G., and Almeida, J. P. A. (2023). Modeling competence framework elements with an ontology-based approach. In 2023 IEEE 25th Conference on Business Informatics (CBI), pages 1–10.
Conselho Nacional de Educação (2023). Diretrizes curriculares nacionais para os cursos de graduação na área de computação. [link]. CNE/CES Resolution. Ministry of Education, Brazil.
Curry, L. and Docherty, M. (2017). Implementing competency-based education. Collected Essays on Learning and Teaching, 10:61.
Ferreira, V., Souza, M., and Júnior, P. P. (2024). Caracterização do nível de adequação das matrizes curriculares dos cursos de computação no brasil ao modelo de competências da sbc. In Anais do XXXII Workshop sobre Educação em Computação, pages 443–454, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC.
Force, C. T. (2020). Computing Curricula 2020: Paradigms for Global Computing Education. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA.
Force, T. J. A. I. T., Leidig, P., and Salmela, H. (2021). A Competency Model for Undergraduate Programs in Information Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA.
Gervais, J. (2016). The operational definition of competency-based education. Journal of Competency-Based Education, 1(2):98–106.
Grüninger, M. and Fox, M. (1995). Methodology for the design and evaluation of ontologies.
Hevner, A. R., March, S. T., Park, J., and Ram, S. (2004). Design science in information systems research. MIS Q., 28(1):75–105.
Kumar, A. N., Raj, R. K., Aly, S. G., Anderson, M. D., Becker, B. A., Blumenthal, R. L., Eaton, E., Epstein, S. L., Goldweber, M., Jalote, P., Lea, D., Oudshoorn, M., Pias, M., Reiser, S., Servin, C., Simha, R., Winters, T., and Xiang, Q. (2024). Computer Science Curricula 2023. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA.
Miranda, S., Orciuoli, F., Loia, V., and Sampson, D. (2016). An ontology-based model for competence management. Data & Knowledge Engineering, 107.
Mislevy, R. J., Steinberg, L. S., and Almond, R. G. (2003). On the structure of educational assessments. Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 1(1):3–67.
Mulder, M. (2017). Competence Theory and Research: A Synthesis, pages 1071–1106. Springer International Publishing, Cham.
Musen, M. (2015). The protégé project: A look back and a look forward. AI Matters, 1:4–12.
Paquette, G., Marino, O., and Bejaoui, R. (2021). A new competency ontology for learning environments personalization.
Peffers, K., Tuunanen, T., Rothenberger, M. A., and Chatterjee, S. (2007). A design science research methodology for information systems research. J. Manag. Inf. Syst., 24(3):45–77.
Romeiro, B., Caprino, G., Joioso, A., and Barbosa, E. (2025). Adequacy of information systems programs: An evaluation of pedagogical projects and syllabi in brazilian higher education. In Anais do XXXIII Workshop sobre Educação em Computação, pages 643–654, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC.
Sociedade Brasileira de Computação (2017). Referenciais de Formação para os Cursos de Graduação em Computação 2017. SBC, Porto Alegre, RS. In Portuguese. [Reference Guidelines for Undergraduate Computing Programs 2017].
Sociedade Brasileira de Computação (2022). Complemento de computação à base nacional comum curricular (bncc). [link]. Guidelines for Computing Education in Basic Education, Brazil.
Suárez-Figueroa, M. C., Gomez-Perez, A., and Fernández-López, M. (2012). The NeOn Methodology for Ontology Engineering, pages 9–34.
Thompson, E., Luxton-Reilly, A., Whalley, J. L., Hu, M., and Robbins, P. (2008). Bloom's taxonomy for cs assessment. In Proceedings of the Tenth Conference on Australasian Computing Education - Volume 78, ACE '08, pages 155–161, Auckland, New Zealand. Australian Computer Society, Inc.
W3C (2009). Skos simple knowledge organization system reference. [link]. W3C Recommendation, August 2009.
Almeida, J., Falbo, R., Guizzardi, G., and Prince Sales, T. (2020). gufo: A lightweight implementation of the unified foundational ontology (ufo).
Anderson, L. W., Krathwohl, D. R., Airasian, P. W., Cruikshank, K. A., Mayer, R. E., Pintrich, P. R., Raths, J., and Wittrock, M. C. (2001). A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. Pearson, New York, NY, complete edition. Revised edition of: Taxonomy of educational objectives / Benjamin S. Bloom, 1956.
Calhau, R., Almeida, J., Barcelos, P., Guizzardi, G., and Prince Sales, T. (2024). Core-o: A competence reference ontology for professional and learning ecosystems.
Calhau, R. F., Azevedo, C. L. B., and Almeida, J. P. A. (2021). Towards ontology-based competence modeling in enterprise architecture. In 2021 IEEE 25th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (EDOC), pages 71–81.
Calhau, R. F., Kokkula, S., Cameron, D., Guizzardi, G., and Almeida, J. P. A. (2023). Modeling competence framework elements with an ontology-based approach. In 2023 IEEE 25th Conference on Business Informatics (CBI), pages 1–10.
Conselho Nacional de Educação (2023). Diretrizes curriculares nacionais para os cursos de graduação na área de computação. [link]. CNE/CES Resolution. Ministry of Education, Brazil.
Curry, L. and Docherty, M. (2017). Implementing competency-based education. Collected Essays on Learning and Teaching, 10:61.
Ferreira, V., Souza, M., and Júnior, P. P. (2024). Caracterização do nível de adequação das matrizes curriculares dos cursos de computação no brasil ao modelo de competências da sbc. In Anais do XXXII Workshop sobre Educação em Computação, pages 443–454, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC.
Force, C. T. (2020). Computing Curricula 2020: Paradigms for Global Computing Education. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA.
Force, T. J. A. I. T., Leidig, P., and Salmela, H. (2021). A Competency Model for Undergraduate Programs in Information Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA.
Gervais, J. (2016). The operational definition of competency-based education. Journal of Competency-Based Education, 1(2):98–106.
Grüninger, M. and Fox, M. (1995). Methodology for the design and evaluation of ontologies.
Hevner, A. R., March, S. T., Park, J., and Ram, S. (2004). Design science in information systems research. MIS Q., 28(1):75–105.
Kumar, A. N., Raj, R. K., Aly, S. G., Anderson, M. D., Becker, B. A., Blumenthal, R. L., Eaton, E., Epstein, S. L., Goldweber, M., Jalote, P., Lea, D., Oudshoorn, M., Pias, M., Reiser, S., Servin, C., Simha, R., Winters, T., and Xiang, Q. (2024). Computer Science Curricula 2023. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA.
Miranda, S., Orciuoli, F., Loia, V., and Sampson, D. (2016). An ontology-based model for competence management. Data & Knowledge Engineering, 107.
Mislevy, R. J., Steinberg, L. S., and Almond, R. G. (2003). On the structure of educational assessments. Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 1(1):3–67.
Mulder, M. (2017). Competence Theory and Research: A Synthesis, pages 1071–1106. Springer International Publishing, Cham.
Musen, M. (2015). The protégé project: A look back and a look forward. AI Matters, 1:4–12.
Paquette, G., Marino, O., and Bejaoui, R. (2021). A new competency ontology for learning environments personalization.
Peffers, K., Tuunanen, T., Rothenberger, M. A., and Chatterjee, S. (2007). A design science research methodology for information systems research. J. Manag. Inf. Syst., 24(3):45–77.
Romeiro, B., Caprino, G., Joioso, A., and Barbosa, E. (2025). Adequacy of information systems programs: An evaluation of pedagogical projects and syllabi in brazilian higher education. In Anais do XXXIII Workshop sobre Educação em Computação, pages 643–654, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC.
Sociedade Brasileira de Computação (2017). Referenciais de Formação para os Cursos de Graduação em Computação 2017. SBC, Porto Alegre, RS. In Portuguese. [Reference Guidelines for Undergraduate Computing Programs 2017].
Sociedade Brasileira de Computação (2022). Complemento de computação à base nacional comum curricular (bncc). [link]. Guidelines for Computing Education in Basic Education, Brazil.
Suárez-Figueroa, M. C., Gomez-Perez, A., and Fernández-López, M. (2012). The NeOn Methodology for Ontology Engineering, pages 9–34.
Thompson, E., Luxton-Reilly, A., Whalley, J. L., Hu, M., and Robbins, P. (2008). Bloom's taxonomy for cs assessment. In Proceedings of the Tenth Conference on Australasian Computing Education - Volume 78, ACE '08, pages 155–161, Auckland, New Zealand. Australian Computer Society, Inc.
W3C (2009). Skos simple knowledge organization system reference. [link]. W3C Recommendation, August 2009.
Publicado
05/10/2026
Como Citar
GOMES, Edeyson A.; SALVADOR, Lais N.; CERQUEIRA, Marcos V. B..
OntoKSD: A Semantic Model for Competence Traceability in Computing Education. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE INFORMÁTICA NA EDUCAÇÃO (SBIE), 37. , 2026, Goiânia/GO.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2026
.
p. 1317-1331.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbie.2026.27784.
