Uma Análise do Impacto do Anonimato em Comentários de Notícias Online
Resumo
Nos últimos anos, com o crescimento da Internet como meio de comunicação, um grande número de pessoas mudou a maneira de consumir notícias, substituindo os tradicionais jornais e revistas impressos por suas versões virtuais online e/ou web blogs. Uma das razões pelas quais as notícias online têm atraído usuários é a oportunidade de comentar e expressar seus sentimentos e opiniões sobre as mesmas. Neste trabalho, analisamos o conteúdo de comentários online postados em notícias do jornal Reuters, no qual consideramos que o usuário posta anonimamente, e do Facebook, onde o usuário está associado a uma identidade, frequentemente a sua identidade no mundo físico. Nosso objetivo é investigar se existe variação no comportamento do usuário considerando o seu anonimato ou não. Mais especificamente, trabalhamos no sentido de verificar se existem diferenças linguísticas significativas entre o comentário postado no ambiente onde é conferido ao usuário certo grau de anonimato (jornal Reuters) e no ambiente onde espera-se que este grau de anonimato não exista (Facebook). Além disso, nos propomos a analisar as reações dos usuários quando eles estão anônimos ou não, para manchetes com diferentes sentimentos associados a elas. Nossos resultados indicam que o conteúdo de comentários postado em notícias pelos usuários no ambiente anônimo e não anônimo, possuem características linguísticas particulares. Além disso, mostramos que o usuário tende a ser mais negativo quando encontra-se anônimo.
Referências
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Cho, D. and Kwon, K. H. (2015). The impacts of identity verification and disclosure of social cues on flaming in online user comments. Computers in Human Behavior, 51:363–372.
Correa, D., Silva, L. A., Mondal, M., Benevenuto, F., and Gummadi, K. P. (2015). The many shades of anonymity: Characterizing anonymous social media content. In Ninth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media(ICWSM).
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Gonçalves, P., Araújo, M., Benevenuto, F., and Cha, M. (2013). Comparing and combining sentiment analysis methods. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM Conference on Online Social Networks (COSN’13).
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Kothari, A., Darwish, K., Mourad, A., and Taei, A. (2013). Detecting comments on news articles in microblogs. In Proceedings of the 7th International AAAI Conference on Web-Blogs and Social Media.
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Reis, J., Gonçalves, P., Vaz de Melo, P. O., Prates, R., and Benevenuto, F. (2014b). Magnet news: You choose the polarity of what you read. Proceedings of the International Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM).
Santana, A. D. (2014). Virtuous or vitriolic: The effect of anonymity on civility in online newspaper reader comment boards. Journalism Practice, 8(1):18–33.
Silva, L., Modal, M., Correa, D., Benevenuto, F., and Weber, I. (2016). Analyzing the targets of hate in online social media. In Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference onWeb-Blogs and Social Media, Cologne, Germany.
Suler, J. (2004). The online disinhibition effect. Cyberpsychology & behavior, 7(3):321–326.
Tatar, A., Antoniadis, P., De Amorim, M. D., and Fdida, S. (2014). From popularity prediction to ranking online news. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 4(1):1–12.
Tausczik, Y. R. and Pennebaker, J. W. (2010). The psychological meaning of words: Liwc and computerized text analysis methods. Journal of language and social psychology, 29(1):24–54.
Tewksbury, D. (2005). The Seeds of Audience Fragmentation: Specialization in the Use of Online News Sites. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 49(3):332–348.
Thelwall, M., Buckley, K., Paltoglou, G., Cai, D., and Kappas, A. (2010). Sentiment strength detection in short informal text. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 61(12):2544–2558.
Wang, G.,Wang, B.,Wang, T., Nika, A., Zheng, H., and Zhao, B. Y. (2014). Whispers in the dark: analysis of an anonymous social network. In Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Internet Measurement Conference, pages 137–150. ACM.
Zimbardo, P. G. (1969). The human choice: Individuation, reason, and order versus deindividuation, impulse, and chaos. In Nebraska symposium on motivation. University of Nebraska press.
Araújo, M., Diniz, J. P., Bastos, L., Soares, E., Júnior, M., Ferreira, M., Ribeiro, F., and Benevenuto, F. (2016). ifeel 2.0: A multilingual benchmarking system for sentence-level sentiment analysis. In Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference onWeb-Blogs and Social Media, Cologne, Germany.
Araújo, M., Gonçalves, P., Benevenuto, F., and Cha, M. (2014). ifeel: A system that compares and combines sentiment analysis methods. In WWW (Companion Volume). InternationalWorld Wide Web Conference (WWW’14).
Buhl, F., Günther, E., and Quandt, T. (2016). Observing the dynamics of the online news ecosystem: News diffusion processes among german news sites. Journalism Studies, pages 1–26.
Cho, D. and Kwon, K. H. (2015). The impacts of identity verification and disclosure of social cues on flaming in online user comments. Computers in Human Behavior, 51:363–372.
Correa, D., Silva, L. A., Mondal, M., Benevenuto, F., and Gummadi, K. P. (2015). The many shades of anonymity: Characterizing anonymous social media content. In Ninth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media(ICWSM).
D’Costa, K. (2013). Don’t read the comments! (Why do we read the online comments when we know they’ll be bad?). Scientific American.
Diakopoulos, N. and Naaman, M. (2011). Towards quality discourse in online news comments. In Proceedings of the ACM 2011 conference on Computer supported cooperative work, pages 133–142. ACM.
Domingo, D., Quandt, T., Heinonen, A., Paulussen, S., Singer, J. B., and Vujnovic, M. (2008). Participatory journalism practices in the media and beyond: An international comparative study of initiatives in online newspapers. Journalism practice, 2(3):326–342.
Elgesem, D., Feinerer, I., and Steskal, L. (2016). Bloggers’ responses to the snowden affair: Combining automated and manual methods in the analysis of news blogging. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), pages 1–25.
Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., and Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits of facebook "friends:"social capital and college students’ use of online social network sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(4):1143–1168.
Emmer, M., Vowe, G., and Wolling, J. (2011). Bürger onlin. Konstanz: UVK.
Gerhards, J. and Schäfer, M. S. (2010). Is the internet a better public sphere? comparing old and new media in the us and germany. New media & society.
Gonçalves, P., Araújo, M., Benevenuto, F., and Cha, M. (2013). Comparing and combining sentiment analysis methods. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM Conference on Online Social Networks (COSN’13).
Hayes, M., van Stolk-Cooke, K., and Muench, F. (2016). Corrigendum to understanding facebook use and the psychological effects of use across generations comput. hum. behav. 49 (2015) 507-511. Computers in Human Behavior, 56(C):377.
Jøsang, A. and Pope, S. (2005). User centric identity management. In AusCERT Asia Pacific Information Technology Security Conference, page 77. Citeseer.
Kothari, A., Darwish, K., Mourad, A., and Taei, A. (2013). Detecting comments on news articles in microblogs. In Proceedings of the 7th International AAAI Conference on Web-Blogs and Social Media.
Marder, B., Houghton, D., Joinson, A., Shankar, A., and Bull, E. (2016). Understanding the psychological process of avoidance-based self-regulation on facebook. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking.
Mitchelstein, E. and Boczkowski, P. J. (2009). Between tradition and change: A review of recent research on online news production. Journalism, 10(5):562–586.
Moore, M. J., Nakano, T., Enomoto, A., and Suda, T. (2012). Anonymity and roles associated with aggressive posts in an online forum. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(3):861–867.
Moosa, T. (2014). Comment sections are poison: handle with care or remove them. The Guardian.
Nielsen, C. E. (2014). Coproduction or cohabitation: Are anonymous online comments on newspaper websites shaping news content? New Media & Society, 16(3):470–487.
Pinsonneault, A. and Heppel, N. (1997). Anonymity in group support systems research: A new conceptualization, measure, and contingency framework. Journal of Management Information Systems, pages 89–108.
Purcell, K., Rainie, L., Mitchell, A., Rosenstiel, T., and Olmstead, K. (2010). Understanding the participatory news consumer, pew internet & american life project. Technical report, Research Report.
Reis, J., Benevenuto, F., Vaz de Melo, P., Prates, R., Kwak, H., and An, J. (2015). Breaking the news: First impressions matter on online news. In Proceedings of the 9th International AAAI Conference on Web-Blogs and Social Media, Oxford, UK.
Reis, J., Goncalves, P., Miranda, L., Prates, R., and Benevenuto, F. (2014a). A percepção dos usuários sobre a utilização de análise de sentimentos como apoio a seleção de notícias. In Proceedings of the XIII Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação.
Reis, J., Gonçalves, P., Vaz de Melo, P. O., Prates, R., and Benevenuto, F. (2014b). Magnet news: You choose the polarity of what you read. Proceedings of the International Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM).
Santana, A. D. (2014). Virtuous or vitriolic: The effect of anonymity on civility in online newspaper reader comment boards. Journalism Practice, 8(1):18–33.
Silva, L., Modal, M., Correa, D., Benevenuto, F., and Weber, I. (2016). Analyzing the targets of hate in online social media. In Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference onWeb-Blogs and Social Media, Cologne, Germany.
Suler, J. (2004). The online disinhibition effect. Cyberpsychology & behavior, 7(3):321–326.
Tatar, A., Antoniadis, P., De Amorim, M. D., and Fdida, S. (2014). From popularity prediction to ranking online news. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 4(1):1–12.
Tausczik, Y. R. and Pennebaker, J. W. (2010). The psychological meaning of words: Liwc and computerized text analysis methods. Journal of language and social psychology, 29(1):24–54.
Tewksbury, D. (2005). The Seeds of Audience Fragmentation: Specialization in the Use of Online News Sites. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 49(3):332–348.
Thelwall, M., Buckley, K., Paltoglou, G., Cai, D., and Kappas, A. (2010). Sentiment strength detection in short informal text. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 61(12):2544–2558.
Wang, G.,Wang, B.,Wang, T., Nika, A., Zheng, H., and Zhao, B. Y. (2014). Whispers in the dark: analysis of an anonymous social network. In Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Internet Measurement Conference, pages 137–150. ACM.
Zimbardo, P. G. (1969). The human choice: Individuation, reason, and order versus deindividuation, impulse, and chaos. In Nebraska symposium on motivation. University of Nebraska press.
Publicado
04/07/2016
Como Citar
REIS, Julio; MIRANDA, Manoel; BASTOS, Lucas; PRATES, Raquel; BENEVENUTO, Fabrício.
Uma Análise do Impacto do Anonimato em Comentários de Notícias Online. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE SISTEMAS COLABORATIVOS (SBSC), 13. , 2016, Belém.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2016
.
p. 1290-1304.
ISSN 2326-2842.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbsc.2016.9491.
