Representação Aberta e Semântica de Anotações de Incidentes em Mapas Web
Resumo
É crescente o número de ferramentas Web que adotam crowdsourcing, via anotações colaborativas em mapas, como modelo de resolução de problemas e produção de dados. Várias delas permitem aos usuários anotar incidentes de diferentes tipos no mapa, como incidentes relacionados à segurança, saúde e transporte. Idealmente, estas iniciativas deveriam oferecer dados abertos, possibilitando o compartilhamento das anotações e do conhecimento gerado, com consequente melhoria no mapeamento e na resolução de incidentes. Este artigo propõe uma abordagem de produção de anotações abertas e semânticas de incidentes em Mapas, permitindo a interoperabilidade das anotações e da semântica do conhecimento gerado a partir delas. A abordagem proposta é adotada e testada no nosso sistema crowdsourcing OurMap.
Referências
Berners-Lee, T. (2006) “Linked Data Design Issues”. http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html.
Brabham, D. C. (2008) “Crowdsourcing as a Model for Problem Solving: An Introduction and Cases”. In Convergence: The Int. Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 14(1):75-90.
Ciccarese, P. et al. (2011) “An Open Annotation Ontology for Science on Web 3.0”. In Journal of Biomedical Semantics, 2(Suppl 2): S4.
Furtado, V. et al. (2010) “Collective intelligence in law enforcement – The WikiCrimes system”. In Information Sciences, 180(1): 4-17.
Goodchild, M. F. (2007) “Citizens as Sensors: The World of Volunteered Geography”. In GeoJournal, 69(4), p. 211-221.
Goodchild, M. F. and Glennon, J. A. (2010) “Crowdsourcing geographic information for disaster response: a research frontier”. In Int. J. of Digital Earth, 3(3):231-241.
Google Maps API (2013) http://code.google.com/apis/maps/.
Haklay, M. and Weber, P. (2008) “OpenStreetMap: User-Generated Street Maps”. In IEEE Pervasive Computing, 7(4): 12-18.
Haslhofer, B. et al. (2011) “The Open Annotation Collaboration (OAC) Model”. In proc. of the IEEE Workshop on multimedia on the Web (MMWeb), pp. 5-9.
Jena API (2013) http://jena.apache.org/documentation/ontology/index.html.
Kahan, J. and Koivunen, M. R. (2001) “Annotea: An open RDF infrastructure for shared Web annotations”. In Proc. of the 10th Int. Conf. on World Wide Web, pp. 623-632.
Kim, H. L. et. al. (2008) “The State of the Art in Tag Ontologies: A Semantic Model for Tagging and Folksonomies”. In Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications, pp. 128-137.
Klien, E. and Lutz, M. (2005) “The role of spatial relations in automating the semantic annotation of geodata”. In Spatial Information Theory, LNCS 3693, pp. 133-148.
Lamas, A. R. et al. (2008) “Sistemas de Informação Geográfica Móveis orientados ao contexto: uma abordagem baseada em ontologias de domínios”. In Anais do IV Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas de informação (SBSI 2008), pp. 70-81.
Lorenz, B., Ohlbach, H. J. and Yang, L. (2005) “Ontology of transportation networks”. In REWERSE Deliverable A1-D4, University of Munich, Institute for Informatics.
MapHub (2013) “Maphub - Historic Map Annotation Portal”. http://maphub.github.com
Mayrhofer, A. and Spanring, C. (2010) “A Uniform Resource Identifier for Geographic Locations ('geo' URI)”. IETF RFC 5870.
OWL. (2004) “Web Ontology Language”. http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL/.
Portoalegre.cc. (2013) http://portoalegre.cc. Qureshi, H. et al. (2011) “Monitoring Disease Outbreak through Geographical Representation in Rural Areas”. In proc. of the Developments in E-systems Engineering (DeSE), pp. 30-35.
Sanderson, R. et al. (2013) “Open Annotation Core Data Model. W3C Community Draft”. http://www.openannotation.org/spec/core.
Schulz, A. Ortmann, J. and Probst, F. (2012) “Getting User-Generated Content Structured: Overcoming Information Overload in Emergency Management”. In proc. of the Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC), pp. 143-148.
Shah, et al. (2011) “Crowdsafe: crowd sourcing of crime incidents and safe routing on mobile devices”. In: Proc. 19th ACM SIGSPATIAL Int. Conf. in Geographic Information Systems, p. 521-524.
Shaw, R., Troncy, R. and Hardman, L. (2009) “LODE: Linking Open Descriptions of Events”. In Proc. of the 4th Asian Conf. on the Semantic Web, p. 153-167.
Ushahidi. (2013) http://www.ushahidi.com/. Van Hage, W. R. et al. (2011) “Design and use of the Simple Event Model”. In Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web, 9(2):128-136.
W3C. (2013) “W3C Community and Business Groups”. http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/.
WGS84. (1984) National Imagery and Mapping Agency: World geodetic system 1984. Tech. Rep., National Imagery and Mapping Agency.
Brabham, D. C. (2008) “Crowdsourcing as a Model for Problem Solving: An Introduction and Cases”. In Convergence: The Int. Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 14(1):75-90.
Ciccarese, P. et al. (2011) “An Open Annotation Ontology for Science on Web 3.0”. In Journal of Biomedical Semantics, 2(Suppl 2): S4.
Furtado, V. et al. (2010) “Collective intelligence in law enforcement – The WikiCrimes system”. In Information Sciences, 180(1): 4-17.
Goodchild, M. F. (2007) “Citizens as Sensors: The World of Volunteered Geography”. In GeoJournal, 69(4), p. 211-221.
Goodchild, M. F. and Glennon, J. A. (2010) “Crowdsourcing geographic information for disaster response: a research frontier”. In Int. J. of Digital Earth, 3(3):231-241.
Google Maps API (2013) http://code.google.com/apis/maps/.
Haklay, M. and Weber, P. (2008) “OpenStreetMap: User-Generated Street Maps”. In IEEE Pervasive Computing, 7(4): 12-18.
Haslhofer, B. et al. (2011) “The Open Annotation Collaboration (OAC) Model”. In proc. of the IEEE Workshop on multimedia on the Web (MMWeb), pp. 5-9.
Jena API (2013) http://jena.apache.org/documentation/ontology/index.html.
Kahan, J. and Koivunen, M. R. (2001) “Annotea: An open RDF infrastructure for shared Web annotations”. In Proc. of the 10th Int. Conf. on World Wide Web, pp. 623-632.
Kim, H. L. et. al. (2008) “The State of the Art in Tag Ontologies: A Semantic Model for Tagging and Folksonomies”. In Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications, pp. 128-137.
Klien, E. and Lutz, M. (2005) “The role of spatial relations in automating the semantic annotation of geodata”. In Spatial Information Theory, LNCS 3693, pp. 133-148.
Lamas, A. R. et al. (2008) “Sistemas de Informação Geográfica Móveis orientados ao contexto: uma abordagem baseada em ontologias de domínios”. In Anais do IV Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas de informação (SBSI 2008), pp. 70-81.
Lorenz, B., Ohlbach, H. J. and Yang, L. (2005) “Ontology of transportation networks”. In REWERSE Deliverable A1-D4, University of Munich, Institute for Informatics.
MapHub (2013) “Maphub - Historic Map Annotation Portal”. http://maphub.github.com
Mayrhofer, A. and Spanring, C. (2010) “A Uniform Resource Identifier for Geographic Locations ('geo' URI)”. IETF RFC 5870.
OWL. (2004) “Web Ontology Language”. http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL/.
Portoalegre.cc. (2013) http://portoalegre.cc. Qureshi, H. et al. (2011) “Monitoring Disease Outbreak through Geographical Representation in Rural Areas”. In proc. of the Developments in E-systems Engineering (DeSE), pp. 30-35.
Sanderson, R. et al. (2013) “Open Annotation Core Data Model. W3C Community Draft”. http://www.openannotation.org/spec/core.
Schulz, A. Ortmann, J. and Probst, F. (2012) “Getting User-Generated Content Structured: Overcoming Information Overload in Emergency Management”. In proc. of the Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC), pp. 143-148.
Shah, et al. (2011) “Crowdsafe: crowd sourcing of crime incidents and safe routing on mobile devices”. In: Proc. 19th ACM SIGSPATIAL Int. Conf. in Geographic Information Systems, p. 521-524.
Shaw, R., Troncy, R. and Hardman, L. (2009) “LODE: Linking Open Descriptions of Events”. In Proc. of the 4th Asian Conf. on the Semantic Web, p. 153-167.
Ushahidi. (2013) http://www.ushahidi.com/. Van Hage, W. R. et al. (2011) “Design and use of the Simple Event Model”. In Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web, 9(2):128-136.
W3C. (2013) “W3C Community and Business Groups”. http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/.
WGS84. (1984) National Imagery and Mapping Agency: World geodetic system 1984. Tech. Rep., National Imagery and Mapping Agency.
Publicado
22/05/2013
Como Citar
GONZALEZ, André; IZIDORO, Diego; WILLRICH, Roberto; SANTOS, Celso.
Representação Aberta e Semântica de Anotações de Incidentes em Mapas Web. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE SISTEMAS DE INFORMAÇÃO (SBSI), 9. , 2013, João Pessoa.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2013
.
p. 1-12.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbsi.2013.5671.
