A Web Map Service for Mobile Computers
Abstract
One of the Grand Challenges for computing today involves providing access to large volumes of distributed multimedia data. Mapping and personal navigation are among the most interesting applications involving this challenge, since they require access to large volumes of data, both static (such as street maps) and dynamic (such as traffic conditions). Such applications are currently the focus of much attention, considering that hardware is improving and wireless networks are becoming ubiquitous. Access to online maps is mainly done nowadays through proprietary and thematically limited geographic information services, such as Google Maps. A more interesting alternative for Web-based map access is to use data sources from spatial data infrastructures based on the Open Geospatial Consortium’s standardized Web services, such as the Web Map Service (WMS). WMS, however, imposes a higher communications overhead and power consumption to the mobile device, and has a limited scalability potential. This paper presents a proposal for the a WMS client architecture that presents significant gains over the current approach, especially regarding the data transmission overhead imposed by OGC Web services.References
Alameh, N. (2003). "Chaining geographic information Web services." IEEE Internet Computing 7(5): 22-29.
Alves, L.L. and Davis Jr., C.A. (2007). Evaluation of OGC Web Services for Local Spatial Data Infastructures and for the Development of Clients for Geographic Information Systems. Advances in GeoInformatics. Davis Jr., C.A. and Monteiro, A.M.V. Berlin, Springer-Verlag: 217-234.
Barroso, L.A., Dean, J. and Hölzle, U. (2003). "Web Search for a Planet; The Google Cluster Architecture." IEEE Micro 23(2): 22-28.
Bergamini, J.A. and Haungs, M. (2006). GeoTorrent: Optimizing GIS Web Service Strategies for Interactive Educational Use. 2006 University Consortium for Geographic Information Summer 2006 Assembly, Vancouver, Washington.
Bernard, L. and Craglia, M. (2005). SDI - From Spatial Data Infrastructure to Service Driven Infrastructure. Research Workshop on Cross-Learning Between Spatial Data Infrastructures and Information Infrastructures, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Brambilla, M., Ceri, S., Passamani, M. and Riccio, A. (2004). Managing asynchronous Web services interactions. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Web Services:80-87.
Chung, S., Pan, J.R. and Davalos, S. (2006). A special Web service mechanism: asynchronous .NET Web services. Proceedings of the Advanced International Conference on Telecommunications and International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services:212.
Davis Jr, C.A., Fonseca, F. and Câmara, G. (2009 (to appear)). Understanding Global Change: The Role of Geographic Information Science in the Integration of People and Nature. SAGE Handbook of GIS and Society. Nyerges, T., Couclelis, H. and McMaster, R.B., SAGE.
Davis Jr., C.A. (2008). Spatial Data Infrastructures. Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology. Khosrow-Pour, M. Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA, IGI Global. VII: 3548-3553.
Davis Jr., C.A. and Alves, L.L. (2007). Geospatial Web Services. Encyclopedia of GIS. Shekhar, S. and Xiong, H. Berlin, Germany, Springer-Verlag: 1270-1273.
Davis Jr., C.A. and Fonseca, F.T. (2005). "Considerations from the Development of a Local Spatial Data Infrastructure." Information Technology for Development 12(4): 273-290.
de Man, W.H.E. (2006). "Understanding SDI: complexity and institutionalization." International Journal of Geographic Information Science 20(3): 329-343.
Duarte-Figueiredo, F.L.P. and Loureiro, A.A. (2007). An end-to-end wireless QoS architecture evaluation. 12th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC 2007):715-720.
Ferris, C. and Farrell, J. (2003). "What Are Web Services?" Communications of the ACM 46(6): 31.
Fonseca, F.T. (2008). Spatial Data Infrastructure. Encyclopedia of GIS. Shekhar, S.X., Hui London ; New York, Springer.
Forman, G.H. and Zahorjan, J. (2004). "The challenges of mobile computing." IEEE Computer 27(4): 38-47.
Granell, C., Gould, M. and Ramos, F. (2005). Service Composition for SDIs: integrated components creation. 2nd International Workshop on Geographic Information Management (GIM'05), Copenhagen, Denmark.
INSPIRE (2002). INSPIRE Architecture and Standards Working Group, INSPIRE Architecture and Standards Position Paper. Brussels, Commission of the European Communities.
Jacoby, S., Smith, J., Ting, L. and Williamson, I. (2002). "Developing a common spatial data infrastructure between State and Local Government -- an Australian case study." International Journal of Geographic Information Science 16(4): 305-322.
Klopfer, M. (2005). Interoperability & Open Architectures: an analysis of existing standardisation processes & procedures. OGC White Paper. Consortium, O.G., Open Geospatial Consortium: 26p.
Liu, Z., Pierce, M.E. and Fox, G.C. (2007). Implementing a Caching and Tiling Map Server: a Web 2.0 Case Study. Proceedings of the 2007 International Symposium on Collaborative Techniques and Systems (CTS 2007), Orlando, Florida.
Maguire, D.J. and Longley, P.A. (2005a). "The emergence of geoportals and their role in spatial data infrastructures." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 29(1): 3.
Maguire, D.J. and Longley, P.A. (2005b). "The emergence of geoportals and their role in spatial data infrastructures." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 29(1): 3-14.
Medeiros, C.B. (2008). "Grand Research Challenges in Computer Science in Brazil." IEEE Computer 41(6): 59-65.
Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) (2006) "OpenGIS Web Map Server Implementation Specification, version 1.3.0." Volume, DOI: Document number OGC 06-042
Papazoglou, M.P. and Georgakopoulos, D. (2003). "Service-Oriented Computing." Communications of the ACM 46(10): 25-28.
Paulson, L.D. (2005). "Building Rich Web Applications with Ajax." IEEE Computer 38(10): 14-17.
Percivall, G., Ed. (2003). OpenGIS Reference Model, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
Phillips, A., Williamson, I. and Ezigbalike, C. (1999). "Spatial Data Infrastructure concepts." The Australian Surveyor 44(1): 20-28.
Plesea, L. (2008). The Design, Implementation and Operation of the JPL OnEarth WMS Server. Geospatial Services and Applications for the Internet. Sample, J.T., Shaw, K., Tu, S. and Abdelguerfi, M. Berlin, Springer.
Rajabifard, A. and Williamson, I. (2001). Spatial Data Infastructures: concept, SDI hierarchy and future directions. Geomatics'80, Tehran, Iran.
Rajabifard, A., Williamson, I.P., Holland, P. and Johnstone, G. (2000). From Local to Global SDI Initiatives: a pyramid of building blocks. 4th Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Conference, Cape Town, South Africa.
Ribeiro, A.I., Duarte-Figueiredo, F.L.P., Novy, G., Storck, C., Dias, S.M. and Zárate, L.E. (2008). An artificial neural network approach for mechanisms of call admission control in UTMS 3G networks. 8th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS'08):459-464.
Ruth, M., Lin, F. and Tu, S. (2005). A client-side framework enabling callbacks from Web services. Proceedings of the Third European Conference on Web Services (ECOWS 2005):105-116.
Tait, M.G. (2005). "Implementing geoportals: applications of distributed GIS." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 29(1): 33-47.
Tu, S. and Abdelguerfi, M. (2006). "Web Services for Geographic Information Systems." IEEE Internet Computing 10(5): 13-15.
W3C (2002). Web Services Architecture Working Group, Web Services Architecture Requirements, W3C Working Draft, World-Wide Web Consortium.
Alves, L.L. and Davis Jr., C.A. (2007). Evaluation of OGC Web Services for Local Spatial Data Infastructures and for the Development of Clients for Geographic Information Systems. Advances in GeoInformatics. Davis Jr., C.A. and Monteiro, A.M.V. Berlin, Springer-Verlag: 217-234.
Barroso, L.A., Dean, J. and Hölzle, U. (2003). "Web Search for a Planet; The Google Cluster Architecture." IEEE Micro 23(2): 22-28.
Bergamini, J.A. and Haungs, M. (2006). GeoTorrent: Optimizing GIS Web Service Strategies for Interactive Educational Use. 2006 University Consortium for Geographic Information Summer 2006 Assembly, Vancouver, Washington.
Bernard, L. and Craglia, M. (2005). SDI - From Spatial Data Infrastructure to Service Driven Infrastructure. Research Workshop on Cross-Learning Between Spatial Data Infrastructures and Information Infrastructures, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Brambilla, M., Ceri, S., Passamani, M. and Riccio, A. (2004). Managing asynchronous Web services interactions. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Web Services:80-87.
Chung, S., Pan, J.R. and Davalos, S. (2006). A special Web service mechanism: asynchronous .NET Web services. Proceedings of the Advanced International Conference on Telecommunications and International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services:212.
Davis Jr, C.A., Fonseca, F. and Câmara, G. (2009 (to appear)). Understanding Global Change: The Role of Geographic Information Science in the Integration of People and Nature. SAGE Handbook of GIS and Society. Nyerges, T., Couclelis, H. and McMaster, R.B., SAGE.
Davis Jr., C.A. (2008). Spatial Data Infrastructures. Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology. Khosrow-Pour, M. Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA, IGI Global. VII: 3548-3553.
Davis Jr., C.A. and Alves, L.L. (2007). Geospatial Web Services. Encyclopedia of GIS. Shekhar, S. and Xiong, H. Berlin, Germany, Springer-Verlag: 1270-1273.
Davis Jr., C.A. and Fonseca, F.T. (2005). "Considerations from the Development of a Local Spatial Data Infrastructure." Information Technology for Development 12(4): 273-290.
de Man, W.H.E. (2006). "Understanding SDI: complexity and institutionalization." International Journal of Geographic Information Science 20(3): 329-343.
Duarte-Figueiredo, F.L.P. and Loureiro, A.A. (2007). An end-to-end wireless QoS architecture evaluation. 12th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC 2007):715-720.
Ferris, C. and Farrell, J. (2003). "What Are Web Services?" Communications of the ACM 46(6): 31.
Fonseca, F.T. (2008). Spatial Data Infrastructure. Encyclopedia of GIS. Shekhar, S.X., Hui London ; New York, Springer.
Forman, G.H. and Zahorjan, J. (2004). "The challenges of mobile computing." IEEE Computer 27(4): 38-47.
Granell, C., Gould, M. and Ramos, F. (2005). Service Composition for SDIs: integrated components creation. 2nd International Workshop on Geographic Information Management (GIM'05), Copenhagen, Denmark.
INSPIRE (2002). INSPIRE Architecture and Standards Working Group, INSPIRE Architecture and Standards Position Paper. Brussels, Commission of the European Communities.
Jacoby, S., Smith, J., Ting, L. and Williamson, I. (2002). "Developing a common spatial data infrastructure between State and Local Government -- an Australian case study." International Journal of Geographic Information Science 16(4): 305-322.
Klopfer, M. (2005). Interoperability & Open Architectures: an analysis of existing standardisation processes & procedures. OGC White Paper. Consortium, O.G., Open Geospatial Consortium: 26p.
Liu, Z., Pierce, M.E. and Fox, G.C. (2007). Implementing a Caching and Tiling Map Server: a Web 2.0 Case Study. Proceedings of the 2007 International Symposium on Collaborative Techniques and Systems (CTS 2007), Orlando, Florida.
Maguire, D.J. and Longley, P.A. (2005a). "The emergence of geoportals and their role in spatial data infrastructures." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 29(1): 3.
Maguire, D.J. and Longley, P.A. (2005b). "The emergence of geoportals and their role in spatial data infrastructures." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 29(1): 3-14.
Medeiros, C.B. (2008). "Grand Research Challenges in Computer Science in Brazil." IEEE Computer 41(6): 59-65.
Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) (2006) "OpenGIS Web Map Server Implementation Specification, version 1.3.0." Volume, DOI: Document number OGC 06-042
Papazoglou, M.P. and Georgakopoulos, D. (2003). "Service-Oriented Computing." Communications of the ACM 46(10): 25-28.
Paulson, L.D. (2005). "Building Rich Web Applications with Ajax." IEEE Computer 38(10): 14-17.
Percivall, G., Ed. (2003). OpenGIS Reference Model, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
Phillips, A., Williamson, I. and Ezigbalike, C. (1999). "Spatial Data Infrastructure concepts." The Australian Surveyor 44(1): 20-28.
Plesea, L. (2008). The Design, Implementation and Operation of the JPL OnEarth WMS Server. Geospatial Services and Applications for the Internet. Sample, J.T., Shaw, K., Tu, S. and Abdelguerfi, M. Berlin, Springer.
Rajabifard, A. and Williamson, I. (2001). Spatial Data Infastructures: concept, SDI hierarchy and future directions. Geomatics'80, Tehran, Iran.
Rajabifard, A., Williamson, I.P., Holland, P. and Johnstone, G. (2000). From Local to Global SDI Initiatives: a pyramid of building blocks. 4th Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Conference, Cape Town, South Africa.
Ribeiro, A.I., Duarte-Figueiredo, F.L.P., Novy, G., Storck, C., Dias, S.M. and Zárate, L.E. (2008). An artificial neural network approach for mechanisms of call admission control in UTMS 3G networks. 8th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS'08):459-464.
Ruth, M., Lin, F. and Tu, S. (2005). A client-side framework enabling callbacks from Web services. Proceedings of the Third European Conference on Web Services (ECOWS 2005):105-116.
Tait, M.G. (2005). "Implementing geoportals: applications of distributed GIS." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 29(1): 33-47.
Tu, S. and Abdelguerfi, M. (2006). "Web Services for Geographic Information Systems." IEEE Internet Computing 10(5): 13-15.
W3C (2002). Web Services Architecture Working Group, Web Services Architecture Requirements, W3C Working Draft, World-Wide Web Consortium.
Published
2009-07-20
How to Cite
DAVIS JR., Clodoveu A.; KIMO, Yuri Jorge; DUARTE-FIGUEIREDO, Fátima L. P..
A Web Map Service for Mobile Computers. In: INTEGRATED SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE SEMINAR (SEMISH), 36. , 2009, Bento Gonçalves/RS.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2009
.
p. 185-199.
ISSN 2595-6205.
