Relógio Virtual Estritamente Crescente para o Computador Raspberry Pi
Resumo
Projetos de redes de sensores sem fio requerem plataformas computacionais energeticamente eficientes como a plataforma Raspberry Pi (RPI). Para esse fim, um mecanismo típico que tais plataformas oferecem é o DVFS (Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scale). Porém, o uso desse mecanismo pode afetar negativamente o desempenho dos circuitos contadores de tempo da plataforma RPI, em oposição a sua eficiência energética. Este trabalho propõe o relógio RVEC como uma nova solução que viabiliza o uso do contador de ciclos do processador ARM da plataforma RPI enquanto que garante a temporização ser estritamente crescente e precisa. A solução RVEC também provê resolução de nanosegundos com um custo de acesso equivalente aos dos relógios de sistemas.Referências
ARM. ARM1176JZ-S Technical Reference Manual.
Broadcom. BCM2835 ARM Peripherals.
Corrêa, E. C. (2014). Relógio Virtual Estritamente Crescente para o Computador Raspberry Pi. Master's thesis, COPPE/UFRJ.
de Souza, A. F., de Souza S. F., de Amorim, C. L., Lima, P., and Rounce, P. (2008). Hardware supported synchronization primitives for clusters. In PDPTA'08, pages 520–526.
Dutra, D., Whately, L., and Amorim, C. (2013). Attaining strictly increasing and precise time count in energy-efcient computer systems. In Computer Architecture and High Performance Computing (SBAC-PAD), 2013 25th International Symposium on, pages 65–72.
Fan, R., Chakraborty, I., and Lynch, N. (2004). Clock synchronization for wireless networks. In In Proc. 8th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS), pages 400–414.
Khan, J., Bilavarn, S., and Belleudy, C. (2012). Energy analysis of a dvfs based power strategy on arm platforms. In Faible Tension Faible Consommation (FTFC), 2012 IEEE, pages 1–4.
Mills, D. (1992). Network time protocol (version 3) specication, implementation.
Nagy, T. and Gingl, Z. (2013). Low-cost photoplethysmograph solutions using the raspberry pi. In Computational Intelligence and Informatics (CINTI), 2013 IEEE 14th International Symposium on, pages 163–167.
Neves, R. and Matos, A. (2013). Raspberry pi based stereo vision for small size asvs. In Oceans San Diego, 2013, pages 1–6.
Simunic, T., Benini, L., and De Micheli, G. (2001). Energy-efcient design of battery-powered embedded systems. Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, IEEE Transactions on, 9(1):15–28.
Tian, G.-S., Tian, Y.-C., and Fidge, C. (2008). High-precision relative clock synchronization using time stamp counters. In Engineering of Complex Computer Systems, 2008. ICECCS 2008. 13th IEEE International Conference on, pages 69–78.
Veitch, D., Ridoux, J., and Korada, S. (2009). Robust synchronization of absolute and difference clocks over networks. Networking, IEEE/ACM Transactions on, 17(2):417–430.
Vujovic, V. and Maksimovic, M. (2014). Raspberry pi as a wireless sensor node: Performances and constraints. In Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO), 2014 37th International Convention on, pages 1013–1018.
Broadcom. BCM2835 ARM Peripherals.
Corrêa, E. C. (2014). Relógio Virtual Estritamente Crescente para o Computador Raspberry Pi. Master's thesis, COPPE/UFRJ.
de Souza, A. F., de Souza S. F., de Amorim, C. L., Lima, P., and Rounce, P. (2008). Hardware supported synchronization primitives for clusters. In PDPTA'08, pages 520–526.
Dutra, D., Whately, L., and Amorim, C. (2013). Attaining strictly increasing and precise time count in energy-efcient computer systems. In Computer Architecture and High Performance Computing (SBAC-PAD), 2013 25th International Symposium on, pages 65–72.
Fan, R., Chakraborty, I., and Lynch, N. (2004). Clock synchronization for wireless networks. In In Proc. 8th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS), pages 400–414.
Khan, J., Bilavarn, S., and Belleudy, C. (2012). Energy analysis of a dvfs based power strategy on arm platforms. In Faible Tension Faible Consommation (FTFC), 2012 IEEE, pages 1–4.
Mills, D. (1992). Network time protocol (version 3) specication, implementation.
Nagy, T. and Gingl, Z. (2013). Low-cost photoplethysmograph solutions using the raspberry pi. In Computational Intelligence and Informatics (CINTI), 2013 IEEE 14th International Symposium on, pages 163–167.
Neves, R. and Matos, A. (2013). Raspberry pi based stereo vision for small size asvs. In Oceans San Diego, 2013, pages 1–6.
Simunic, T., Benini, L., and De Micheli, G. (2001). Energy-efcient design of battery-powered embedded systems. Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, IEEE Transactions on, 9(1):15–28.
Tian, G.-S., Tian, Y.-C., and Fidge, C. (2008). High-precision relative clock synchronization using time stamp counters. In Engineering of Complex Computer Systems, 2008. ICECCS 2008. 13th IEEE International Conference on, pages 69–78.
Veitch, D., Ridoux, J., and Korada, S. (2009). Robust synchronization of absolute and difference clocks over networks. Networking, IEEE/ACM Transactions on, 17(2):417–430.
Vujovic, V. and Maksimovic, M. (2014). Raspberry pi as a wireless sensor node: Performances and constraints. In Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO), 2014 37th International Convention on, pages 1013–1018.
Publicado
18/10/2015
Como Citar
CORRÊA, Edilson; DUTRA, Diego; AMORIM, Claudio.
Relógio Virtual Estritamente Crescente para o Computador Raspberry Pi. In: SIMPÓSIO EM SISTEMAS COMPUTACIONAIS DE ALTO DESEMPENHO (SSCAD), 16. , 2015, Florianópolis.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2015
.
p. 36-47.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/wscad.2015.14270.
