Algoritmos de Consistência para Softwares DSM Baseados em Objetos
Resumo
Softwares de memória compartilhada distribuída (DSM-Distributed Shared Memory) permitem que os nós de uma arquitetura paralela distribuída compartilhem dados. Este compartilhamento permite que os nós tenham acesso concorrente/paralelo a um mesmo conjunto de dados. Então, torna-se necessário que os nós saibam quando e como realizar esses acessos sem gerar inconsistência nos dados compartilhados. Um algoritmo de consistência é responsável por garantir que nenhum nó da arquitetura paralela distribuída tenha acesso a um dado compartilhado inválido ou bloqueado. Neste artigo, analisamos o desempenho de cinco algoritmos de consistência uniforme para softwares DSM baseados em objetos, através de simulação, em um computador paralelo. Para análise de desempenho nós usamos aplicações sintéticas e aplicações reais. Os resultados mostram que os algoritmos de consistência com mecanismos de reconfiguração possuem melhor desempenho. Além disso, nós verificamos que para a maioria das aplicações simuladas o protocolo de coerência é o principal responsável pelo desempenho.
Referências
C. V. Pousa, L. F. W. Goes, C. A. P. S. Martins, "Reconfigurable Object Consistency Model". 7th Workshop on Advances in Parallel and Distributed Computational Models, IPDPS, 2005.
C. V. Pousa, D. O. Penha, L. F. W. Goes, C. A. P. S. Martins,"Reconfigurable Sequential Consistency Algorithm". 12th Reconfigurable Architectures Workshop, IPDPS, 2005.
A. C. M. A. Melo, "Defing Uniform and Hybrid Memory Consistency Models on a Unified Framework". 32th HICSS, Vol VIII-Software Technology, 1999, pp. 270-279.
M. Mizuno, M. Rayna1, J. Z. Zhou, "Sequential Consistency in Distributed Systems: Theory and Implementation". Technical Report RR-2347, INRIA, 1995.
J. Z. Zhou, M. Mizuno, G. Singh, "A Sequentially Consistent Distributed Shared Memory". Int. Conference on Computing and Information, 1993, p.165-169.
D. Wang, I. Chen, and C. Chu, "Analyzing reconfigurable algorithms for managing replicated data with strict consistency requirements: a case study". 24th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference, 2000, pp.608-613.
M. Raynal, K. Vidyasankar, "A Distributed Implementation of Sequential Consistency with Multi-Object Operations". 24th IEEE Int. Conf on Distributed Computing Systems, IEEE Computer Society Press, 2004, pp. 544-551.
M. Raynal, "Sequential Consistency as Lazy Linearizability". 14th ACM Symposium on Parallel Algorithms and Architectures, 2002, pp. 151-152.
F. J. Torres-Rojas, M. Ahamad, M. Raynal, "Timed Consistency for Shared distributed Objects". Symposium on Principies of Distributed Computing, 1999, pp. 163-172.
C. V. Pousa, D. O. Penha, C. A. P. S. Martins, "VSObjects: Middleware para Gerenciamento de Objetos Virtualmente Compartilhados". Workshop em Sistemas Computacionais de Alto Desempenho, 2003.
C. Amza, A.L. Cox, S. Dwarkadas, L.-J. Jin, K. Rajamani, and W. Zwaenepoel. "Adaptive Protocols for Software Distributed Shared Memory". IEEE, Special Issue on Distributed Shared Memory, Vol. 87, I999, pp. 467-475.
G. Girad, H. F. Li, "Evaluation of Two Optimized Protocols for Sequential Consistency", Thirty-second Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences-Volume 8, 1999, pp. 8009.
S. V. Adve, A. L. Cox, S. Dwarkadas, R. Rajamony, W. Zwaenepoel, "A Comparison of Entry Consistency and Lazy Release Consistency Implementations" 2nd IEEE Symp. on High-Performance Compiller Architecture, 1996.
W. Shi, W. Hu, Z. Tang, "An interaction of coherence protocols and memory consistency models in DSM systems", ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review, Volume 31, Issue 4, 1997, pp. 41 -54.
M. Stumm and S. Zhou, "Algorithms lmplementing Distributed Shared Memory", IEEE Computer, vol. 23, no. 5, 1990, pp. 54-64.
R. N. Zucker, J.-L. Baer, "A Performance Study of Memory Consistency Models". 19th International Symposium on Computer Architecture, 1992.
K. Gharachorloo, A. Gupta, J. Hennessy, "Performance Evaluation of Memory Consistency Models for Shared-Memory Multiprocessors", SIGPLAN Notices, 1991.
S. K. Shah and B. D. Fleisch, "A Comparison of DSM Coherence Protocols using Program Driven Simulations". International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, 1997.
C. V. Pousa e C. A. P. S. Martins, "Modelo Estrutural para Modelos de Consistência", Relatório Técnico PPGEE Puc Minas, 2005.
L. F. Góes, L. E. S. Ramos, C. A. P. S. Martins, "ClusterSim: A Java-Based Parallel Discrete-Event Simulation Tool for Cluster Computing", IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing, 2004.
C. V. Pousa, L. E. Ramos, L. F. W. Góes, C. A. P. S. Martins, "Extending ClusterSim With MP And DSM Modules", Workshop High Performance Computer Science and Engineering, 2004.
Y.T. Liu, T.Y. Liang, Z. H. Kuo, C. K. Shich, "lnvolving Memory Resource Consideration into Workload Distribution for Software DSM Systems", International Workshop on Distributed Shared Memory, CCGrid, 2004.
C. V. Pousa, D. O. Penha, L. F. W. Goes, C. A. P. S. Martins,"Reconfigurable Sequential Consistency Algorithm". 12th Reconfigurable Architectures Workshop, IPDPS, 2005.
A. C. M. A. Melo, "Defing Uniform and Hybrid Memory Consistency Models on a Unified Framework". 32th HICSS, Vol VIII-Software Technology, 1999, pp. 270-279.
M. Mizuno, M. Rayna1, J. Z. Zhou, "Sequential Consistency in Distributed Systems: Theory and Implementation". Technical Report RR-2347, INRIA, 1995.
J. Z. Zhou, M. Mizuno, G. Singh, "A Sequentially Consistent Distributed Shared Memory". Int. Conference on Computing and Information, 1993, p.165-169.
D. Wang, I. Chen, and C. Chu, "Analyzing reconfigurable algorithms for managing replicated data with strict consistency requirements: a case study". 24th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference, 2000, pp.608-613.
M. Raynal, K. Vidyasankar, "A Distributed Implementation of Sequential Consistency with Multi-Object Operations". 24th IEEE Int. Conf on Distributed Computing Systems, IEEE Computer Society Press, 2004, pp. 544-551.
M. Raynal, "Sequential Consistency as Lazy Linearizability". 14th ACM Symposium on Parallel Algorithms and Architectures, 2002, pp. 151-152.
F. J. Torres-Rojas, M. Ahamad, M. Raynal, "Timed Consistency for Shared distributed Objects". Symposium on Principies of Distributed Computing, 1999, pp. 163-172.
C. V. Pousa, D. O. Penha, C. A. P. S. Martins, "VSObjects: Middleware para Gerenciamento de Objetos Virtualmente Compartilhados". Workshop em Sistemas Computacionais de Alto Desempenho, 2003.
C. Amza, A.L. Cox, S. Dwarkadas, L.-J. Jin, K. Rajamani, and W. Zwaenepoel. "Adaptive Protocols for Software Distributed Shared Memory". IEEE, Special Issue on Distributed Shared Memory, Vol. 87, I999, pp. 467-475.
G. Girad, H. F. Li, "Evaluation of Two Optimized Protocols for Sequential Consistency", Thirty-second Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences-Volume 8, 1999, pp. 8009.
S. V. Adve, A. L. Cox, S. Dwarkadas, R. Rajamony, W. Zwaenepoel, "A Comparison of Entry Consistency and Lazy Release Consistency Implementations" 2nd IEEE Symp. on High-Performance Compiller Architecture, 1996.
W. Shi, W. Hu, Z. Tang, "An interaction of coherence protocols and memory consistency models in DSM systems", ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review, Volume 31, Issue 4, 1997, pp. 41 -54.
M. Stumm and S. Zhou, "Algorithms lmplementing Distributed Shared Memory", IEEE Computer, vol. 23, no. 5, 1990, pp. 54-64.
R. N. Zucker, J.-L. Baer, "A Performance Study of Memory Consistency Models". 19th International Symposium on Computer Architecture, 1992.
K. Gharachorloo, A. Gupta, J. Hennessy, "Performance Evaluation of Memory Consistency Models for Shared-Memory Multiprocessors", SIGPLAN Notices, 1991.
S. K. Shah and B. D. Fleisch, "A Comparison of DSM Coherence Protocols using Program Driven Simulations". International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, 1997.
C. V. Pousa e C. A. P. S. Martins, "Modelo Estrutural para Modelos de Consistência", Relatório Técnico PPGEE Puc Minas, 2005.
L. F. Góes, L. E. S. Ramos, C. A. P. S. Martins, "ClusterSim: A Java-Based Parallel Discrete-Event Simulation Tool for Cluster Computing", IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing, 2004.
C. V. Pousa, L. E. Ramos, L. F. W. Góes, C. A. P. S. Martins, "Extending ClusterSim With MP And DSM Modules", Workshop High Performance Computer Science and Engineering, 2004.
Y.T. Liu, T.Y. Liang, Z. H. Kuo, C. K. Shich, "lnvolving Memory Resource Consideration into Workload Distribution for Software DSM Systems", International Workshop on Distributed Shared Memory, CCGrid, 2004.
Publicado
24/10/2005
Como Citar
POUSA, Christiane V.; GÓES, Luís F. W.; RAMOS, Luiz E. S.; MARTINS, Carlos A. P. S..
Algoritmos de Consistência para Softwares DSM Baseados em Objetos. In: SIMPÓSIO EM SISTEMAS COMPUTACIONAIS DE ALTO DESEMPENHO (SSCAD), 6. , 2005, Rio de Janeiro.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2005
.
p. 25-32.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/wscad.2005.18972.
