Arquitetura Multicamadas para Coleta e Análise de Dados de Saúde em Tempo Real em Ambientes Externos, Integrando Fog Computing e Cloud Computing
Resumo
A multilayer architecture was developed for real-time health data collection and processing, optimized for outdoor environments with high population density and significant network interferences, integrating fog and cloud computing. With the increasing adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) using smartbands, continuous health monitoring generates vast amounts of data that require efficient processing and reliable transmission. Traditional cloud-based solutions, while scalable, often face high latency and data integrity challenges in unstable network conditions. By leveraging fog computing, the developed architecture performs data preprocessing at the network edge, reducing dependency on cloud connectivity and enhancing system responsiveness. Real-world tests were conducted in complex environments such as football stadiums, beaches, and metro systems, with varying network conditions (5G, 4G, 3G). The architecture consistently achieved over 96% success in packet delivery and significantly reduced latency compared to cloud-only solutions. These results highlight the architecture’s resilience and effectiveness for real-time health monitoring, ensuring data integrity and low response times in high-density, interference-prone environments.
Palavras-chave:
internet das coisas, monitoramento remoto de saúde, computação em névoa
Referências
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Istabraq Al-Joboury and Emad Al-Hemiary. 2018. Performance Analysis of Internet of Things Protocols Based Fog/Cloud over High Traffic. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 10 (03 2018), 176–181. DOI: 10.4314/jfas.v10i6s.113
Aya Al-Sakran, Hazem Qattous, and Mohammad Hijjawi. 2018. A proposed performance evaluation of NoSQL databases in the field of IoT. In 2018 8th International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (CSIT). 32–37. DOI: 10.1109/CSIT.2018.8486199
Hamoud H. Alshammari. 2023. The internet of things healthcare monitoring system based on MQTT protocol. Alexandria Engineering Journal 69 (2023), 275–287. DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2023.01.065
Nancy A Angel, Dakshanamoorthy Ravindran, P M Durai Raj Vincent, Kathiravan Srinivasan, and Yuh-Chung Hu. 2022. Recent Advances in Evolving Computing Paradigms: Cloud, Edge, and Fog Technologies. Sensors 22, 1 (2022). DOI: 10.3390/s22010196
H. Asri and Z. Jarir. 2023. Toward a smart health: big data analytics and IoT for real-time miscarriage prediction. Journal of Big Data 10, 1 (2023), 34. DOI: 10.1186/s40537-023-00704-9
Sumit Bansal and Himanshu Aggarwal. 2022. Priority-based Cloud-Fog Architecture for Smart Healthcare Systems. (2022), 1–7.
Bilal Khalid Dar, Munam Ali Shah, Huniya Shahid, and Adnan Naseem. 2018. Fog Computing based Automated Accident Detection and Emergency Response System using Android Smartphone. In 2018 14th International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET). 1–6. DOI: 10.1109/ICET.2018.8603557
Mateus Gonçalo Do Nascimento, Gabriel Iorio, Thiago G Thomé, Alvaro AM Medeiros, Fabricio M Mendonça, Fernanda A Campos, José M David, Victor Ströele, and Mario AR Dantas. 2020. Covid-19: A digital transformation approach to a public primary healthcare environment. In 2020 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC). IEEE, 1–6.
Bahar Farahani, Farshad Firouzi, Victor Chang, Mustafa Badaroglu, Nicholas Constant, and Kunal Mankodiya. 2018. Towards fog-driven IoT eHealth: Promises and challenges of IoT in medicine and healthcare. Future Generation Computer Systems 78 (2018), 659–676.
Niroshinie Fernando, Seng W. Loke, and Wenny Rahayu. 2013. Mobile cloud computing: A survey. Future Generation Computer Systems 29, 1 (2013), 84–106. Including Special section: AIRCC-NetCoM 2009 and Special section: Clouds and Service-Oriented Architectures. DOI: 10.1016/j.future.2012.05.023
Eliza Gomes, Rubens Zanatta, Patricia Plentz, Carlos De Rolt, and Mario Dantas. 2020. An Approach of Time Constraint of Data Intensive Scalable in e-Health Environment. In International Conference on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud and Internet Computing. Springer, 158–169.
Bhole Rahul Hiraman, Chapte Viresh M., and Karve Abhijeet C. 2018. A Study of Apache Kafka in Big Data Stream Processing. In 2018 International Conference on Information , Communication, Engineering and Technology (ICICET). 1–3. DOI: 10.1109/ICICET.2018.8533771
Abeera Ilyas, Mohammed Alatawi, Yasir Hamid, Saeed Mahfooz, Islam Zada, Neelam Gohar, and Mohd Asif Shah. 2022. Software architecture for pervasive critical health monitoring system using fog computing. Journal of Cloud Computing 2022 (11 2022), 84. DOI: 10.1186/s13677-022-00371-w
Mostafa Haghi Kashani, Mona Madanipour, Mohammad Nikravan, Parvaneh Asghari, and Ebrahim Mahdipour. 2021. A systematic review of IoT in health-care: Applications, techniques, and trends. Journal of Network and Computer Applications 192 (2021), 103164.
James Manyika, Michael Chui, Peter Bisson, Jonathan Woetzel, Richard Dobbs, Jacques Bughin, and Dan Aharon. 2015. Unlocking the Potential of the Internet of Things. McKinsey Global Institute 1 (2015).
Fabrício Martins Mendonça, Mário A. R. Dantas, Wallace T. Fortunato, Juan F. S. Oliveira, Breno C. Souza, and Marcelo Q. Filgueiras. 2022. Wearable Devices in Healthcare: Challenges, Current Trends and a Proposition of Affordable Low Cost and Scalable Computational Environment of Internet of Things. In XXVII Brazilian Congress on Biomedical Engineering, Teodiano Freire Bastos-Filho, Eliete Maria de Oliveira Caldeira, and Anselmo Frizera-Neto (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 1301–1308.
Marcelo Q. Filgueiras Juan F. S. Oliveira Paulo C. S. Vidal, Ronaldo M. Salles. 2024. Desenvolvimento e avaliação de uma Arquitetura para monitoramento remoto em saúde utilizando fog e cloud computing. Artigo aceito no XX Congresso Brasileiro de Informática em Saúde (CBIS) (2024).
Yuya Sasaki and Tetsuya Yokotani. 2019. Performance Evaluation of MQTT as a Communication Protocol for IoT and Prototyping. Advances in Technology Innovation 4, 1 (Jan. 2019), 21–29. [link]
Shereena Shaji, Ravi Sankaran, Ramesh Guntha, and Rahul Krishnan Pathinarupothi. 2023. A Real-time IoMT Enabled Remote Cardiac Rehabilitation Framework. In 2023 15th International Conference on COMmunication Systems NETworkS(COMSNETS). 153–158. DOI: 10.1109/COMSNETS56262.2023.10041272
Pankaj Sharma and P K Gupta. 2023. Optimization of IoT-Fog Network Path and fault Tolerance in Fog Computing based Environment. Procedia Computer Science 218 (2023), 2494–2503. International Conference on Machine Learning and Data Engineering. DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2023.01.224
Georgios L Stavrinides and Helen D Karatza. 2019. A hybrid approach to scheduling real-time IoT workflows in fog and cloud environments. Multimedia Tools and Applications 78, 17 (2019), 24639–24655.
Hubert Tardieu, David Daly, José Esteban-Lauzán, John Hall, and George Miller. 2020. Case study 2: the digital transformation of health care. In Deliberately Digital. Springer, 237–244.
A Tina Victoria and M. Kowsigan. 2022. Secure Management of Healthcare Data in Fog and IoT Networks: A Short Survey on Existing Security Protocols. In 2022 3rd International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (ICOSEC). 512–518. DOI: 10.1109/ICOSEC54921.2022.9952038
Pedro H Vilela, Joel JPC Rodrigues, Luciano R Vilela, Mukhtar ME Mahmoud, and Petar Solic. 2018. A critical analysis of healthcare applications over fog computing infrastructures. In 2018 3rd International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech). IEEE, 1–5.
Manar Ahmed Kamal, Zainab Ismail, Islam Mohammad Shehata, Soumia Djirar, Norris C. Talbot, Shahab Ahmadzadeh, Sahar Shekoohi, Elyse M. Cornett, Charles J. Fox, and Alan D. Kaye. 2023. Telemedicine, E-Health, and Multi-Agent Systems for Chronic Pain Management. Clinics and Practice 13, 2 (2023), 470–482. DOI: 10.3390/clinpract13020042
Istabraq Al-Joboury and Emad Al-Hemiary. 2018. Performance Analysis of Internet of Things Protocols Based Fog/Cloud over High Traffic. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 10 (03 2018), 176–181. DOI: 10.4314/jfas.v10i6s.113
Aya Al-Sakran, Hazem Qattous, and Mohammad Hijjawi. 2018. A proposed performance evaluation of NoSQL databases in the field of IoT. In 2018 8th International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (CSIT). 32–37. DOI: 10.1109/CSIT.2018.8486199
Hamoud H. Alshammari. 2023. The internet of things healthcare monitoring system based on MQTT protocol. Alexandria Engineering Journal 69 (2023), 275–287. DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2023.01.065
Nancy A Angel, Dakshanamoorthy Ravindran, P M Durai Raj Vincent, Kathiravan Srinivasan, and Yuh-Chung Hu. 2022. Recent Advances in Evolving Computing Paradigms: Cloud, Edge, and Fog Technologies. Sensors 22, 1 (2022). DOI: 10.3390/s22010196
H. Asri and Z. Jarir. 2023. Toward a smart health: big data analytics and IoT for real-time miscarriage prediction. Journal of Big Data 10, 1 (2023), 34. DOI: 10.1186/s40537-023-00704-9
Sumit Bansal and Himanshu Aggarwal. 2022. Priority-based Cloud-Fog Architecture for Smart Healthcare Systems. (2022), 1–7.
Bilal Khalid Dar, Munam Ali Shah, Huniya Shahid, and Adnan Naseem. 2018. Fog Computing based Automated Accident Detection and Emergency Response System using Android Smartphone. In 2018 14th International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET). 1–6. DOI: 10.1109/ICET.2018.8603557
Mateus Gonçalo Do Nascimento, Gabriel Iorio, Thiago G Thomé, Alvaro AM Medeiros, Fabricio M Mendonça, Fernanda A Campos, José M David, Victor Ströele, and Mario AR Dantas. 2020. Covid-19: A digital transformation approach to a public primary healthcare environment. In 2020 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC). IEEE, 1–6.
Bahar Farahani, Farshad Firouzi, Victor Chang, Mustafa Badaroglu, Nicholas Constant, and Kunal Mankodiya. 2018. Towards fog-driven IoT eHealth: Promises and challenges of IoT in medicine and healthcare. Future Generation Computer Systems 78 (2018), 659–676.
Niroshinie Fernando, Seng W. Loke, and Wenny Rahayu. 2013. Mobile cloud computing: A survey. Future Generation Computer Systems 29, 1 (2013), 84–106. Including Special section: AIRCC-NetCoM 2009 and Special section: Clouds and Service-Oriented Architectures. DOI: 10.1016/j.future.2012.05.023
Eliza Gomes, Rubens Zanatta, Patricia Plentz, Carlos De Rolt, and Mario Dantas. 2020. An Approach of Time Constraint of Data Intensive Scalable in e-Health Environment. In International Conference on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud and Internet Computing. Springer, 158–169.
Bhole Rahul Hiraman, Chapte Viresh M., and Karve Abhijeet C. 2018. A Study of Apache Kafka in Big Data Stream Processing. In 2018 International Conference on Information , Communication, Engineering and Technology (ICICET). 1–3. DOI: 10.1109/ICICET.2018.8533771
Abeera Ilyas, Mohammed Alatawi, Yasir Hamid, Saeed Mahfooz, Islam Zada, Neelam Gohar, and Mohd Asif Shah. 2022. Software architecture for pervasive critical health monitoring system using fog computing. Journal of Cloud Computing 2022 (11 2022), 84. DOI: 10.1186/s13677-022-00371-w
Mostafa Haghi Kashani, Mona Madanipour, Mohammad Nikravan, Parvaneh Asghari, and Ebrahim Mahdipour. 2021. A systematic review of IoT in health-care: Applications, techniques, and trends. Journal of Network and Computer Applications 192 (2021), 103164.
James Manyika, Michael Chui, Peter Bisson, Jonathan Woetzel, Richard Dobbs, Jacques Bughin, and Dan Aharon. 2015. Unlocking the Potential of the Internet of Things. McKinsey Global Institute 1 (2015).
Fabrício Martins Mendonça, Mário A. R. Dantas, Wallace T. Fortunato, Juan F. S. Oliveira, Breno C. Souza, and Marcelo Q. Filgueiras. 2022. Wearable Devices in Healthcare: Challenges, Current Trends and a Proposition of Affordable Low Cost and Scalable Computational Environment of Internet of Things. In XXVII Brazilian Congress on Biomedical Engineering, Teodiano Freire Bastos-Filho, Eliete Maria de Oliveira Caldeira, and Anselmo Frizera-Neto (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 1301–1308.
Marcelo Q. Filgueiras Juan F. S. Oliveira Paulo C. S. Vidal, Ronaldo M. Salles. 2024. Desenvolvimento e avaliação de uma Arquitetura para monitoramento remoto em saúde utilizando fog e cloud computing. Artigo aceito no XX Congresso Brasileiro de Informática em Saúde (CBIS) (2024).
Yuya Sasaki and Tetsuya Yokotani. 2019. Performance Evaluation of MQTT as a Communication Protocol for IoT and Prototyping. Advances in Technology Innovation 4, 1 (Jan. 2019), 21–29. [link]
Shereena Shaji, Ravi Sankaran, Ramesh Guntha, and Rahul Krishnan Pathinarupothi. 2023. A Real-time IoMT Enabled Remote Cardiac Rehabilitation Framework. In 2023 15th International Conference on COMmunication Systems NETworkS(COMSNETS). 153–158. DOI: 10.1109/COMSNETS56262.2023.10041272
Pankaj Sharma and P K Gupta. 2023. Optimization of IoT-Fog Network Path and fault Tolerance in Fog Computing based Environment. Procedia Computer Science 218 (2023), 2494–2503. International Conference on Machine Learning and Data Engineering. DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2023.01.224
Georgios L Stavrinides and Helen D Karatza. 2019. A hybrid approach to scheduling real-time IoT workflows in fog and cloud environments. Multimedia Tools and Applications 78, 17 (2019), 24639–24655.
Hubert Tardieu, David Daly, José Esteban-Lauzán, John Hall, and George Miller. 2020. Case study 2: the digital transformation of health care. In Deliberately Digital. Springer, 237–244.
A Tina Victoria and M. Kowsigan. 2022. Secure Management of Healthcare Data in Fog and IoT Networks: A Short Survey on Existing Security Protocols. In 2022 3rd International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (ICOSEC). 512–518. DOI: 10.1109/ICOSEC54921.2022.9952038
Pedro H Vilela, Joel JPC Rodrigues, Luciano R Vilela, Mukhtar ME Mahmoud, and Petar Solic. 2018. A critical analysis of healthcare applications over fog computing infrastructures. In 2018 3rd International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech). IEEE, 1–5.
Publicado
14/10/2024
Como Citar
OLIVEIRA, Juan Felipe Souza; VIDAL, Paulo Cesar Salgado; SALLES, Ronaldo Moreira; FILGUEIRAS, Marcelo Quesado.
Arquitetura Multicamadas para Coleta e Análise de Dados de Saúde em Tempo Real em Ambientes Externos, Integrando Fog Computing e Cloud Computing. In: BRAZILIAN SYMPOSIUM ON MULTIMEDIA AND THE WEB (WEBMEDIA), 30. , 2024, Juiz de Fora/MG.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2024
.
p. 63-71.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/webmedia.2024.243220.
