Beyond Self-Declaration - On Age Assurance in Nudify Platforms

  • Rayane Alves UFRPE
  • George Valença UFRPE

Resumo


Given the growing availability of AI-powered nudify platforms, which enable users to generate synthetic nude images from photographs of clothed individuals, concerns have emerged regarding their accessibility to children and adolescents and the harms they may facilitate, including the creation of non-consensual intimate images. As the presence of young people in digital environments continues to expand, it is essential to understand the age assurance mechanisms implemented by these platforms to prevent the exposure of this group to such content and services. In this context, this study aims to analyze the age assurance mechanisms present on nudify platforms. The research was divided into two phases. In the first phase, we examined the age assurance mechanisms implemented by the platforms, the content available on them, the minimum age required by each website, and the ease of account creation. In the second phase, we interpreted our findings in light of the requirements established by Brazilian Decree No. 12.880/2026, which regulates Law No. 15.211/2025 (“ECA Digital”) to assess whether the observed practices comply with Brazilian legislation. The results indicate that the platforms do not implement age assurance mechanisms proportional to the risks they pose and, in some cases, expose young users to inappropriate content even before authentication.
Palavras-chave: age-assurance, nudify, artificial intelligence, child protection

Referências

Brasil. 2025. Lei nº 15.211, de 17 de setembro de 2025: Dispõe sobre a proteção de crianças e adolescentes em ambientes digitais (Estatuto Digital da Criança e do Adolescente). Presidência da República. [link] Acesso em: 3 jun. 2026.

Brasil. 2025. Lei nº 15.211, de 2025. Presidência da República. [link] Acesso em: 3 jun. 2026.

CNN Brasil. 2025. Adolescente é investigado por criar imagens íntimas falsas com IA no Ceará. CNN Brasil. Retrieved June 2, 2026 from [link]

Brasil. Presidência da República. 2026. Decreto nº 12.880, de 18 de março de 2026: Regulamenta a Lei nº 15.211, de 17 de setembro de 2025, que dispõe sobre a proteção de crianças e adolescentes em ambientes digitais, e institui a Política Nacional de Promoção e Proteção dos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente no Ambiente Digital. [link]

Carlos Caetano, Gabriel O dos Santos, Caio Petrucci, Artur Barros, Camila Laranjeira, Leo Sampaio Ferraz Ribeiro, Júlia Fernandes de Mendonça, Jefersson A dos Santos, and Sandra Avila. 2025. Neglected risks: The disturbing reality of children’s images in datasets and the urgent call for accountability. In Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. 2542–2553.

Andrea Pinheiro Paiva Cavalcante, Ariane Holzbach, Brenda Guedes, Bruna Veríssimo, Camille Coffy Jacques, Francisco George Torres, Gabriela Dal Forno Martins, Georgia Cruz, Geovanna Marques, Giana Bitencourt Frizzo, et al. 2025. Crianças, adolescentes e jovens: riscos e oportunidades na cultura digital. Pimenta Cultural.

Cliona Curley. 2020. 2020 Technical Report: a Review of Age Verification Mechanism for 10 Social Media Apps. Technical Report. Technological University Dublin. [link] Accessed: 2026-06-03.

Centro Regional de Estudos para o Desenvolvimento da Sociedade da Informação. 2025. TIC Kids Online Brasil 2025: Resumo Executivo. Technical Report. Cetic.br. [link] Acesso em: 1 jun. 2026.

S. de J. dos Santos and P. B. M. Stakoviak Junior. 2025. Responsabilidade Civil e a Produção de Deep Nudes: Um Estudo sobre a Proteção de Direitos da Personalidade na Era Digital. Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação 11, 4 (April 2025), 2700–2717. DOI: 10.51891/rease.v11i4.18846

Yasmin Curzi de Mendonça, José Luiz Nunes, Yasmin Cristina Gonçalves dos Santos, and Walter Britto Gaspar. 2026. Desindexação de sites de “Nudify” pelo Google: proteção de direitos humanos e prevenção de violência online contra mulheres, crianças e adolescentes. FGV Direito Rio. [link] Policy brief. Acesso em: 3 jun. 2026.

Emily Victória Batista dos Santos, Marcelo Damasceno Rodrigues, Bruna Maria da Silva Mota, and Roberta Priscila de Araújo Lima. 2026. Proteção de Crianças e Adolescentes no Ambiente Digital: Desafios e Limites do Estatuto Digital da Criança e do Adolescente (Lei nº 15.211/2025). Revista Tópicos 4, 31 (2026), 1–28. DOI: 10.70737/revistatopicos.v7i33.1671

Internet Watch Foundation. 2025. AI Nudification App Ban and On-Device Protections for Children Welcomed Following IWF Campaign. Internet Watch Foundation. [link] Acesso em: 3 jun. 2026.

Internet Watch Foundation. 2026. How AI Is Being Abused to Create Child Sexual Abuse Imagery. Internet Watch Foundation. [link] Acesso em: 3 jun. 2026.

The Guardian. 2026. Lawsuit Claims Elon Musk’s AI Grok Generated Child Sexual Abuse Material. The Guardian. [link] Acesso em: 3 jun. 2026.

Instituto Alana. 2026. Contribuição ao Procedimento de Fiscalização nº 00261.000178/2026-27: Caso Grok. Contribuição Técnica. Instituto Alana. Apresentada à Autoridade Nacional de Proteção de Dados (ANPD).

International Telecommunication Union. 2025. Facts and Figures 2025: Internet use. ITU. Retrieved May 19, 2026 from [link]

International Telecommunication Union. 2025. Measuring Digital Development: Facts and Figures 2025. Technical Report. International Telecommunication Union (ITU). [link]

Kokil Jaidka, Tsuhan Chen, Simon Chesterman, Wynne Hsu, Min-Yen Kan, Mohan Kankanhalli, Mong Li Lee, Gyula Seres, Terence Sim, Araz Taeihagh, Anthony Tung, Xiaokui Xiao, and Audrey Yue. 2025. Misinformation, Disinformation, and Generative AI: Implications for Perception and Policy. Digital Government: Research and Practice 6, 1, Article 11 (Feb. 2025), 15 pages. DOI: 10.1145/3689372

Emmanouela Kokolaki and Paraskevi Fragopoulou. 2025. Unveiling AI’s Threats to Child Protection: Regulatory Efforts to Criminalize AI-Generated CSAM and Emerging Children’s Rights Violations. arXiv:2503.00433 [cs.CY] [link] Acesso em: 3 jun. 2026.

Internet Matters. 2024. Children’s Experiences of Nude Deepfakes. Technical Report. Internet Matters. [link] Research report. Acesso em: 3 jun. 2026.

Catherine O’Brien. 2024. Deepfake Technology and the Sexual Abuse of Children. Technological University Dublin. [link] Acesso em: 3 jun. 2026.

United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child. 2021. General Comment No. 25 (2021) on children’s rights in relation to the digital environment. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). Retrieved June 1, 2026 from [link]

Liliana Pasquale, Paola Zippo, Cliona Curley, Brian O’Neill, and Marina Mongiello. 2022. Digital Age of Consent and Age Verification: Can They Protect Children? IEEE Software 39, 3 (2022), 50–57. [link] Acesso em: 3 jun. 2026.

Jessica Ringrose and Kaitlyn Regehr. 2025. Teens, Social Media, and Image Based Abuse. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. DOI: 10. 1007/978-3-031-92322-7 Acesso em: 3 jun. 2026. 25] Araz Taeihagh. 2025. Governance of Generative AI. Policy and Society 44, 1 (Jan. 2025), 1–22. DOI: 10.1093/polsoc/puaf001

André Theodoro and George Valença. 2025. Entre o Acesso e a Proteção - Um Estudo sobre Verificação de Idade e Segurança Infantil em Plataformas Digitais. In Proceedings of the 31st Brazilian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web (Rio de Janeiro/RJ). SBC, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, 211–219. DOI: 10.5753/webmedia.2025.16050

European Union. 2024. Article 1 - Subject matter. EU Artificial Intelligence Act. Retrieved June 1, 2026 from [link]
Publicado
27/10/2026
ALVES, Rayane; VALENÇA, George. Beyond Self-Declaration - On Age Assurance in Nudify Platforms. In: BRAZILIAN SYMPOSIUM ON MULTIMEDIA AND THE WEB (WEBMEDIA), 32. , 2026, Lavras/MG. Anais [...]. Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2026 . p. 131-140. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/webmedia.2026.30208.