Campanha Eleitoral Legal: Detecção de Propaganda Eleitoral e Ações Coordenadas de Campanha
Resumo
Spreading electoral propaganda using Online Social Networks (OSNs) during elections is an important problem and novel approaches are necessary to mitigate its effects. The lack of automatic electoral propaganda detection supports candidates which makes true digital podiums have emerged for candidates to spread their ideas, fight opponents, and ask for votes during the pre-electoral period. In Brazil, it is prohibited by law to declare candidacy in a political election and to make any (explicit or implicit) request to vote ahead of time. In this context, this work presents a system named Campanha Eleitoral Legal to help the detection of this type of propaganda on X (formerly Twitter) adopted by Ministério Público de Minas Gerais (MPMG). Our system is able to collect, categorize, and highlight posts that contain a high probability of being electoral propaganda. Thus, this system can be great tool for Brazilian authorities
Palavras-chave:
redes sociais online, Twitter/X, propaganda eleitoral antecipada, campanhas, coordenação
Referências
Athanasios Andreou, Giridhari Venkatadri, Oana Goga, Krishna P Gummadi, Patrick Loiseau, and Alan Mislove. 2018. Investigating ad transparency mechanisms in social media: A case study of Facebook’s explanations. In The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS).
Marcelo MR Araujo, Carlos HG Ferreira, Julio CS Reis, Ana PC Silva, and Jussara M Almeida. 2023. Identificação e Caracterização de Campanhas de Propagandas Eleitorais Antecipadas Brasileiras no Twitter. In Brazilian Workshop on Social Network Analysis and Mining (BrasNAM). 67–78.
Adam Badawy, Emilio Ferrara, and Kristina Lerman. 2018. Analyzing the digital traces of political manipulation: The 2016 Russian interference Twitter campaign. In Int’l Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM). 258–265.
Vincent D Blondel, Jean-Loup Guillaume, Renaud Lambiotte, and Etienne Lefebvre. 2008. Fast unfolding of communities in large networks. Journal of statistical mechanics: theory and experiment 2008, 10 (2008), P10008.
Matteo Bruno, Renaud Lambiotte, and Fabio Saracco. 2022. Brexit and bots: characterizing the behaviour of automated accounts on Twitter during the UK election. EPJ Data Science 11, 1 (2022), 17.
Josemar Caetano, Samuel Guimarães, Marcelo MR Araújo, Márcio Silva, Júlio CS Reis, Ana PC Silva, Fabrício Benevenuto, and Jussara M Almeida. 2022. Characterizing early electoral advertisements on twitter: A brazilian case study. In Int’l Conference on Social Informatics. 257–272.
Carlos Henrique Gomes Ferreira, Fabricio Murai, Ana PC Silva, Martino Trevisan, Luca Vassio, Idilio Drago, Marco Mellia, and Jussara M Almeida. 2022. On network backbone extraction for modeling online collective behavior. Plos one 17, 9 (2022) , e0274218.
Ian Goodfellow, Yoshua Bengio, and Aaron Courville. 2016. Deep Learning. MIT Press. [link]
Justin Grimmer and Brandon M. Stewart. 2013. Text as Data: The Promise and Pitfalls of Automatic Content Analysis Methods for Political Texts. Political Analysis 21, 3 (2013), 267–297.
Samuel Guimarães, Márcio Silva, Josemar Caetano, Marcelo Araújo, Julio C. S. Reis, Ana Paula Couto Silva, Fabrício Benevenuto, and Jussara M Almeida. 2022. Análise de propagandas eleitorais antecipadas no twitter. In Brazilian Workshop on Social Network Analysis and Mining (BrasNAM).
Yu He, Jianxin Li, Yangqiu Song, Mutian He, Hao Peng, et al. 2018. Time-evolving Text Classification with Deep Neural Networks.. In IJCAI, Vol. 18. 2241–2247.
J R Landis and G G Koch. 1977. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33, 1 (1977), 159–174.
Victor Le Pochat, Laura Edelson, Tom Van Goethem, Wouter Joosen, Damon McCoy, and Tobias Lauinger. 2022. An Audit of Facebook’s Political Ad Policy Enforcement. In USENIX Security Symposium.
Renan S Linhares, José M Rosa, Carlos HG Ferreira, Fabricio Murai, Gabriel Nobre, and Jussara Almeida. 2022. Uncovering coordinated communities on twitter during the 2020 us election. In Int’l Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM). 80–87.
Juan Carlos Losada, José Manuel Robles, Rosa María Benito, and Rafael Caballero. 2021. Love and Hate During Political Campaigns in Social Networks. In Int’l Conference on Complex Networks and Their Applications. 66–77.
Marcelo M. R. Araújo, Samuel Guimarães, Marcio Silva, Josemar Caetano, Jonatas Santos, Julio C. S. Reis, Ana P. C. Silva, Fabricio Benevenuto, and Jussara M. Almeida. 2022. EarlyAd: A System for Real-Time Surveillance of Brazilian Early Electoral Ads on Twitter. In Proc. of the ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media (HT). 225–227.
Fabrizio Marozzo and Alessandro Bessi. 2018. Analyzing polarization of social media users and news sites during political campaigns. Social Network Analysis and Mining 8 (2018), 1–13.
Lucas S Oliveira, Pedro OS Vaz de Melo, Marcelo S Amaral, and José Antônio G Pinho. 2018. When politicians talk about politics: Identifying political tweets of Brazilian congressmen. In Int’l AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM).
Lucas Santos De Oliveira, Pedro OS Vaz-de Melo, Marcelo S Amaral, and José Antônio G Pinho. 2020. Do politicians talk about politics? assessing online communication patterns of brazilian politicians. ACM Transactions on Social Computing 3, 4 (2020), 1–28.
Filipe N. Ribeiro, Koustuv Saha, Mahmoudreza Babaei, Lucas Henrique, Johnnatan Messias, Fabricio Benevenuto, Oana Goga, Krishna P. Gummadi, and Elissa M. Redmiles. 2019. On Microtargeting Socially Divisive Ads. In Proc. of the Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency.
Márcio Silva and Fabrício Benevenuto. 2021. COVID-19 Ads as Political Weapon. In Symposium On Applied Computing (SAC).
Márcio Silva, Samuel Guimaraes, Josemar Caetano, Marcelo Araújo, Jonatas Santos, Julio CS Reis, Ana Silva, Fabrício Benevenuto, and Jussara Almeida. 2021. Propaganda eleitoral antecipada: Uma análise de postagens em mídias sociais. In Brazilian Workshop on Social Network Analysis and Mining (BrasNAM). 199–204.
Márcio Silva, Lucas Santos de Oliveira, Athanasios Andreou, Pedro Olmo Vaz de Melo, Oana Goga, and Fabrício Benevenuto. 2020. Facebook Ads Monitor: An Independent Auditing System for Political Ads on Facebook. In Proceedings of The Web Conference 2020. 224–234.
Tamara A Small. 2011. What the hashtag? A content analysis of Canadian politics on Twitter. Information, Communication & Society 14, 6 (2011), 872–895.
Vera Sosnovik and Oana Goga. 2021. Understanding the complexity of detecting political ads. In Proc.of the Web Conference (WWW). 2002–2013.
Superior Electoral Court (TSE). 1997. Electoral Law. [link]
Marcelo MR Araujo, Carlos HG Ferreira, Julio CS Reis, Ana PC Silva, and Jussara M Almeida. 2023. Identificação e Caracterização de Campanhas de Propagandas Eleitorais Antecipadas Brasileiras no Twitter. In Brazilian Workshop on Social Network Analysis and Mining (BrasNAM). 67–78.
Adam Badawy, Emilio Ferrara, and Kristina Lerman. 2018. Analyzing the digital traces of political manipulation: The 2016 Russian interference Twitter campaign. In Int’l Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM). 258–265.
Vincent D Blondel, Jean-Loup Guillaume, Renaud Lambiotte, and Etienne Lefebvre. 2008. Fast unfolding of communities in large networks. Journal of statistical mechanics: theory and experiment 2008, 10 (2008), P10008.
Matteo Bruno, Renaud Lambiotte, and Fabio Saracco. 2022. Brexit and bots: characterizing the behaviour of automated accounts on Twitter during the UK election. EPJ Data Science 11, 1 (2022), 17.
Josemar Caetano, Samuel Guimarães, Marcelo MR Araújo, Márcio Silva, Júlio CS Reis, Ana PC Silva, Fabrício Benevenuto, and Jussara M Almeida. 2022. Characterizing early electoral advertisements on twitter: A brazilian case study. In Int’l Conference on Social Informatics. 257–272.
Carlos Henrique Gomes Ferreira, Fabricio Murai, Ana PC Silva, Martino Trevisan, Luca Vassio, Idilio Drago, Marco Mellia, and Jussara M Almeida. 2022. On network backbone extraction for modeling online collective behavior. Plos one 17, 9 (2022) , e0274218.
Ian Goodfellow, Yoshua Bengio, and Aaron Courville. 2016. Deep Learning. MIT Press. [link]
Justin Grimmer and Brandon M. Stewart. 2013. Text as Data: The Promise and Pitfalls of Automatic Content Analysis Methods for Political Texts. Political Analysis 21, 3 (2013), 267–297.
Samuel Guimarães, Márcio Silva, Josemar Caetano, Marcelo Araújo, Julio C. S. Reis, Ana Paula Couto Silva, Fabrício Benevenuto, and Jussara M Almeida. 2022. Análise de propagandas eleitorais antecipadas no twitter. In Brazilian Workshop on Social Network Analysis and Mining (BrasNAM).
Yu He, Jianxin Li, Yangqiu Song, Mutian He, Hao Peng, et al. 2018. Time-evolving Text Classification with Deep Neural Networks.. In IJCAI, Vol. 18. 2241–2247.
J R Landis and G G Koch. 1977. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33, 1 (1977), 159–174.
Victor Le Pochat, Laura Edelson, Tom Van Goethem, Wouter Joosen, Damon McCoy, and Tobias Lauinger. 2022. An Audit of Facebook’s Political Ad Policy Enforcement. In USENIX Security Symposium.
Renan S Linhares, José M Rosa, Carlos HG Ferreira, Fabricio Murai, Gabriel Nobre, and Jussara Almeida. 2022. Uncovering coordinated communities on twitter during the 2020 us election. In Int’l Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM). 80–87.
Juan Carlos Losada, José Manuel Robles, Rosa María Benito, and Rafael Caballero. 2021. Love and Hate During Political Campaigns in Social Networks. In Int’l Conference on Complex Networks and Their Applications. 66–77.
Marcelo M. R. Araújo, Samuel Guimarães, Marcio Silva, Josemar Caetano, Jonatas Santos, Julio C. S. Reis, Ana P. C. Silva, Fabricio Benevenuto, and Jussara M. Almeida. 2022. EarlyAd: A System for Real-Time Surveillance of Brazilian Early Electoral Ads on Twitter. In Proc. of the ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media (HT). 225–227.
Fabrizio Marozzo and Alessandro Bessi. 2018. Analyzing polarization of social media users and news sites during political campaigns. Social Network Analysis and Mining 8 (2018), 1–13.
Lucas S Oliveira, Pedro OS Vaz de Melo, Marcelo S Amaral, and José Antônio G Pinho. 2018. When politicians talk about politics: Identifying political tweets of Brazilian congressmen. In Int’l AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM).
Lucas Santos De Oliveira, Pedro OS Vaz-de Melo, Marcelo S Amaral, and José Antônio G Pinho. 2020. Do politicians talk about politics? assessing online communication patterns of brazilian politicians. ACM Transactions on Social Computing 3, 4 (2020), 1–28.
Filipe N. Ribeiro, Koustuv Saha, Mahmoudreza Babaei, Lucas Henrique, Johnnatan Messias, Fabricio Benevenuto, Oana Goga, Krishna P. Gummadi, and Elissa M. Redmiles. 2019. On Microtargeting Socially Divisive Ads. In Proc. of the Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency.
Márcio Silva and Fabrício Benevenuto. 2021. COVID-19 Ads as Political Weapon. In Symposium On Applied Computing (SAC).
Márcio Silva, Samuel Guimaraes, Josemar Caetano, Marcelo Araújo, Jonatas Santos, Julio CS Reis, Ana Silva, Fabrício Benevenuto, and Jussara Almeida. 2021. Propaganda eleitoral antecipada: Uma análise de postagens em mídias sociais. In Brazilian Workshop on Social Network Analysis and Mining (BrasNAM). 199–204.
Márcio Silva, Lucas Santos de Oliveira, Athanasios Andreou, Pedro Olmo Vaz de Melo, Oana Goga, and Fabrício Benevenuto. 2020. Facebook Ads Monitor: An Independent Auditing System for Political Ads on Facebook. In Proceedings of The Web Conference 2020. 224–234.
Tamara A Small. 2011. What the hashtag? A content analysis of Canadian politics on Twitter. Information, Communication & Society 14, 6 (2011), 872–895.
Vera Sosnovik and Oana Goga. 2021. Understanding the complexity of detecting political ads. In Proc.of the Web Conference (WWW). 2002–2013.
Superior Electoral Court (TSE). 1997. Electoral Law. [link]
Publicado
14/10/2024
Como Citar
SILVA, Márcio; ARAÚJO, Marcelo M. R.; FERREIRA, Carlos H. G.; REIS, Julio C. S.; SILVA, Ana P. C.; ALMEIDA, Jussara M.; BENEVENUTO, Fabrício.
Campanha Eleitoral Legal: Detecção de Propaganda Eleitoral e Ações Coordenadas de Campanha. In: WORKSHOP DE FERRAMENTAS E APLICAÇÕES - SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE SISTEMAS MULTIMÍDIA E WEB (WEBMEDIA), 30. , 2024, Juiz de Fora/MG.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2024
.
p. 79-82.
ISSN 2596-1683.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/webmedia_estendido.2024.243924.
