Da Intenção ao NCL: Autoria Orientada por Especificações Elicitadas em Diálogo

• Gabriel Belo Pereira dos Reis PUC-Rio
• Paulo Victor Borges PUC-Rio
• Daniel de S. Moraes PUC-Rio
• Sergio Colcher PUC-Rio
• Carlos de Salles Soares Neto UFMA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/webmedia_estendido.2026.34197

Resumo

Authoring interactive applications in the Nested Context Language (NCL) requires transforming an initially informal intent into explicit spatial, temporal, and interactive decisions represented in documents executed by Ginga. Natural-language requests often omit such information, allowing large language models to determine layout, timing, and interaction details without prior validation by the author. This paper proposes a specification-driven authoring flow in which missing information is elicited through dialogue before NCL document generation. The flow distinguishes the initial intent, an application-specific elicited specification, and a reusable spec-kit that combines domain rules, an elicitation protocol, and validation criteria. Preliminary evidence was obtained from a pilot study, a temporal replication involving three applications, and a benchmark with four navigation applications evaluated under five prompting conditions. More structured inputs reproduced a larger portion of the reference behavior, while successful loading in Ginga did not, by itself, indicate fidelity to the intended application. The elicitation condition made implicit decisions inspectable before generation, although the experiments do not establish reduced authoring effort, causal effects of the rules, or generalization across models and applications. These results motivate further investigation of elicited specifications as an intermediate artifact for NCL authoring.

Palavras-chave: NCL, Ginga, interactive digital television, large language models, multimedia authoring, requirements elicitation, code generation

Referências

Anthropic. 2026. Claude Code CLI Reference. [link] Acesso em: 27 jul. 2026.

Anthropic. 2026. Introducing Claude Opus 4.8. [link] Acesso em: 27 jul. 2026.

Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas. 2023. ABNT NBR 15606-2: Televisão digital terrestre — Parte 2: Ginga-NCL para receptores fixos e móveis. Norma Brasileira ABNT NBR 15606-2. Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. [link]

Paulo Victor Borges, Daniel de Sousa Moraes, Simone Diniz Junqueira Barbosa, and Sergio Colcher. 2026. Enhancing TV APPs Authoring With LLM Agents. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting 72, 2 (2026), 616–626. DOI: 10.1109/TBC.2026.3689310

Paulo Victor Borges, Daniel de Sousa Moraes, Joel André Ferreira dos Santos, et al. 2024. Exploring Visual and Multimodal Interaction in NCL Authoring. In Proceedings of the 30th Brazilian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web (WebMedia 2024). Sociedade Brasileira de Computação (SBC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, 153–161. DOI: 10.5753/webmedia.2024.243157

Iago Victor Silva Costa, Li-Chang Shuen, Daniel de Sousa Moraes, Joel André Ferreira dos Santos, Carlos de Salles Soares Neto, and Débora C. Muchaluat-Saade. 2024. Ferramenta de Validação NCL: Aprimorando o Processo de Desenvolvimento de Aplicações de TV Digital. In Anais Estendidos do XXX Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Multimídia e Web (WebMedia 2024): Workshop Futuro da TV Digital Interativa. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, 315–320. DOI: 10.5753/webmedia_estendido.2024.244568

Roberto Gerson de Albuquerque Azevedo, Eduardo Cruz Araújo, Bruno Lima, et al. 2014. Composer: meeting non-functional aspects of hypermedia authoring environment. Multimedia Tools and Applications 70, 2 (2014), 1199–1228. DOI: 10.1007/s11042-012-1216-8

Douglas Paulo de Mattos, Júlia Varanda da Silva, and Débora Christina Muchaluat-Saade. 2013. NEXT: Graphical Editor for Authoring NCL Documents Supporting Composite Templates. In Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Interactive TV and Video (EuroITV ’13). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 89–98. DOI: 10.1145/2465958.2465964

International Telecommunication Union. 2014. Recommendation ITU-T H.761: Nested Context Language (NCL) and Ginga-NCL. ITU-T Recommendation H.761. ITU-T, Study Group 16, International Telecommunication Union, Geneva, Switzerland. [link]

Marjan Mernik, Jan Heering, and Anthony M. Sloane. 2005. When and How to Develop Domain-Specific Languages. Comput. Surveys 37, 4 (2005), 316–344. DOI: 10.1145/1118890.1118892

Daniel de Sousa Moraes, Polyana Bezerra da Costa, Antonio José G. Busson, et al. 2023. On the Challenges of Using Large Language Models for NCL Code Generation. In Anais Estendidos do XXIX Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Multimídia e Web (WebMedia 2023): Workshop Futuro da TV Digital Interativa (WTVDI). Sociedade Brasileira de Computação (SBC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, 151–156. DOI: 10.5753/webmedia_estendido.2023.236175

Fangwen Mu, Lin Shi, Song Wang, et al. 2024. ClarifyGPT: A Framework for Enhancing LLM-Based Code Generation via Requirements Clarification. Proceedings of the ACM on Software Engineering 1, FSE (2024), 2332–2354. DOI: 10.1145/3660810

Deepak Babu Piskala. 2026. Spec-Driven Development: From Code to Contract in the Age of AI Coding Assistants. arXiv:2602.00180 [cs.SE] DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2602.00180, Preprint.

Luiz Fernando Gomes Soares and Rogério Ferreira Rodrigues. 2005. Nested context model 3.0: Part 1–ncm core. Technical Report. Technical Report, Departamento de Informática PUC-Rio.

Luiz Fernando Gomes Soares, Rogério Ferreira Rodrigues, and Márcio Ferreira Moreno. 2007. Ginga-NCL: The Declarative Environment of the Brazilian Digital TV System. Journal of the Brazilian Computer Society 13, 1 (2007), 37–46. DOI: 10.1007/BF03192400

Li-Chang Shuen Sousa, Marcelo Ferreira Moreno, and Carlos de Salles Soares Neto. 2025. Ferramentas de Autoria para Aplicações na TV Digital Voltadas a Produtores de Conteúdo: Uma Revisão Sistemática de Literatura. Anais do XXXI Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Multimídia e Web (WebMedia 2025). DOI: 10.5753/webmedia.2025.16103

Pedro Alves Valentim and Débora C. Muchaluat-Saade. 2024. Uma Ferramenta de Autoria para Interação Multimodal em Aplicações NCL 4.0. In Anais Estendidos do XXX Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Multimídia eWeb (WebMedia 2024):Workshop Futuro da TV Digital Interativa. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, 325–328. DOI: 10.5753/webmedia_estendido.2024.244590

Rômulo Vieira, Marina Ivanov, Raphael Abreu, Joel A. F. dos Santos, Douglas Mattos, and Débora C. Muchaluat-Saade. 2023. Autoria de Aplicações Multissensoriais para TV 3.0 com a Ferramenta STEVE. In Anais Estendidos do XXIX Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Multimídia e Web (WebMedia 2023): Workshop Futuro da TV Digital Interativa. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, 143–149. DOI: 10.5753/webmedia_estendido.2023.236124

Jie J. W. Wu and Fatemeh H. Fard. 2025. HumanEvalComm: Benchmarking the Communication Competence of Code Generation for LLMs and LLM Agents. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 34, 7, Article 189 (Sept. 2025), 42 pages. DOI: 10.1145/3715109