Design, Implementation, and Quality-of-Service Validation of a Cloud-Native TV 3.0 Streaming Architecture
Resumo
As Brazil moves to TV 3.0, broadcasters may adopt a cloud-native pipeline delivering content over shared, IP networks without sacrificing broadcast-grade Quality of Service (QoS). This paper designs and validates such a pipeline on an academic cloud. Because CPU-only VVC/H.266 encoding of 4K/60fps video reached only 0.027× real time, the architecture uses GPU-accelerated HEVC/H.265 for live delivery and reserves VVC for on-demand content. A Linux Hierarchical Token Bucket (HTB) reserved 40 Mbps for live traffic across seven variable-bitrate profiles (8–22 Mbps average); even when one-second peaks exceeded 50 Mbps, no packets were lost, since HTB let the stream borrow spare capacity from an idle best-effort class. Below about 12–15 Mbps this guarantee holds unconditionally; above it, delivery depends on the best-effort class staying idle so reservations should be sized from measured peak throughput, not nominal average bitrate, and validated under contended traffic before production use. This lesson is reinforced by the multicast-reachability failures and transport-layer security gaps found when deploying ROUTE on general-purpose cloud infrastructure.
Palavras-chave:
TV 3.0, MPEG-DASH, ROUTE, Quality of Service, HTB traffic control, cloud computing
Referências
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T. Paila, R. Walsh, M. Luby, V. Roca, and R. Lehtonen. 2012. FLUTE—File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport. RFC 6726. IETF.
A. O. Adeyemi-Ejeye, M. Alreshoodi, L. Al-Jobouri, and M. Fleury. 2019. Impact of packet loss on 4K UHD video for portable devices. Multimedia Tools and Applications 78 (2019), 31733–31755.
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L. Zhang et al. 2016. Layered-division-multiplexing: Theory and practice. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting 62, 1 (Mar. 2016), 216–232.
S.-I. Park et al. 2016. Low complexity layered division multiplexing for ATSC 3.0. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting 62, 1 (Mar. 2016), 233–243.
R. S. Rabaça, F. Jerji, and C. Akamine. 2021. Implementation of a 3-layer LDM broadcast system backward-compatible with ISDB-TB. Radioengineering 30, 2 (2021), 422–434.
T. Biatek et al. 2022. Live OTT services delivery with ad-insertion using VVC, CMAF-LL and ROUTE: An end-to-end chain. In Proc. Mile-High Video Conf.
K. Kariyawin, I. Riadi, and H. Herman. 2023. Performance analysis of real time streaming protocol (RTSP) and real time transport protocol (RTP) using VLC application on live video streaming. Jurnal Teknik Informatika (Jutif) (2023).
B. Cock, I. Vidal, and F. Valera. 2026. Architecting multi-cluster layer-2 connectivity for cloud-native network slicing. Future Internet 18 (2026).
NVIDIA Corporation. 2026. Video Codec SDK. NVIDIA Developer. [link]. Accessed July 2026.
W. Zia, T. Stockhammer, L. Chaponniere, G. Mandyam, and M. Luby. 2022. Real-Time Transport Object Delivery over Unidirectional Transport (ROUTE). RFC 9223. IETF.
A. R. Hevner, S. T. March, J. Park, and S. Ram. 2004. Design Science in Information Systems Research. MIS Quarterly, 28(1), 75–105.
K. Peffers, T. Tuunanen, M. A. Rothenberger, and S. Chatterjee. 2007. A Design Science Research Methodology for Information Systems Research. Journal of Management Information Systems, 24(3), 45–77. DOI: 10.2753/MIS0742-1222240302.
J.-Y. Lee, S.-I. Park, H.-J. Yim, B.-M. Lim, S. Kwon, S. Ahn, and N. Hur. 2020. IP-based cooperative services using ATSC 3.0 broadcast and broadband. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting 66, 2 (Jun. 2020), 440–448. DOI: org/10.1109/TBC.2020.2983301
J. Melzer and N. Melzer. 2024. Standardizing web TV: Adapting ATSC 3.0 for use on any IP network. In Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB). 1–5. DOI: org/10.1109/BMSB62888.2024.10608344
Y. Zhao, C. Zhu, J. Xu, G. Lu, L. Song, and S. Ma. 2024. An efficient and flexible complexity control method for versatile video coding. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, early access (Oct. 2024). DOI: org/10.1109/TBC.2024.3475811
H. B. Ribeiro and D. C. Muchaluat-Saade. 2025. TV 3.0: um estudo sobre Core DTV+ na nuvem. In Anais Estendidos do XXXI Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Multimídia e Web (WebMedia).
D. You, S.-H. Kim, and D. H. Kim. 2021. ATSC 3.0 ROUTE/DASH signaling for immersive media: New perspectives and examples. IEEE Access 9 (2021), 164503–164509.
A. S. S. Chaubet, G. H. M. G. de Oliveira, G. de M. Valeira, L. dos A. Chaves, and C. Akamine. 2021. Latency comparison of MMT and ROUTE/DASH for the transport layer of the TV 3.0 project. In Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB). 1–6.
A. S. S. Chaubet, G. H. M. G. De Oliveira, G. De M. Valeira, L. dos A. Chaves, and C. Akamine. 2022. Analysis of the transport layer candidate technologies for the TV 3.0 project. In Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB). 1–6.
T. Paila, R. Walsh, M. Luby, V. Roca, and R. Lehtonen. 2012. FLUTE—File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport. RFC 6726. IETF.
A. O. Adeyemi-Ejeye, M. Alreshoodi, L. Al-Jobouri, and M. Fleury. 2019. Impact of packet loss on 4K UHD video for portable devices. Multimedia Tools and Applications 78 (2019), 31733–31755.
A. Salcedo-Navarro, M. García-Pineda, and J. Gutiérrez-Aguado. 2025. Cloud-edge architecture for 4K 360-degree video encoding in FoV-based live DASH. In Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). 1–5.
D. Won, Y. Cho, K. Park, and D. Y. Suh. 2014. High resolution video streaming method by cloud and DASH. In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Consumer Electronics (ICCE). 552–553.
M. Uitto, A. Heikkinen, S. J. Rantala, and J. Mäkelä. 2019. Evaluation of evolved multimedia broadcast multicast service for more efficient mobile video streaming. In Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Multimedia (ISM). 41–48.
M. S. Michaud et al. 2025. NextGen TV and advanced emergency alerting: The future of TV warnings and alerts. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (2025).
Y. Wang, L. Ge, and X. Wang. 2019. The impact of multicast traffics in cloud networks and countermeasures. In Proc. IEEE 2nd Int. Conf. Electronics Technology (ICET). 61–65.
T. Biatek et al. 2021. Versatile video coding for 3.0 next generation digital TV in Brazil. SET International Journal of Broadcast Engineering 7, 1 (2021), 9–17.
S. Battista et al. 2022. Overview of the low complexity enhancement video coding (LCEVC) standard. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 32, 11 (Nov. 2022), 7983–7995.
R. S. Rabaça, G. H. M. G. de Oliveira, L. N. da S. Junior, P. B. Lopes, S.-I. Park, and C. Akamine. 2024. Evaluation of ATSC 3.0 MODCODs for TV 3.0. In Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB). 1–5.
M. F. Moreno et al. 2023. R&D progress on TV 3.0 application coding layer. SET International Journal of Broadcast Engineering 9 (2023), 10–21.
International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector. 2023. Integrated broadcast-broadband systems. Report ITU-R BT.2267-12. Geneva, Switzerland.
Advanced Television Systems Committee. 2024. ATSC Standard: Physical Layer Protocol. A/322. Washington, DC, USA.
Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards. 2010. Common Alerting Protocol Version 1.2. OASIS. Woburn, MA, USA.
Brazilian Government, Ministry of Communications. 2023. MCOM Ordinance 11476.
Fórum SBTVD. 2024. TV 3.0 project. Brazilian Digital Terrestrial Television Systems Forum.
L. Zhang et al. 2016. Layered-division-multiplexing: Theory and practice. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting 62, 1 (Mar. 2016), 216–232.
S.-I. Park et al. 2016. Low complexity layered division multiplexing for ATSC 3.0. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting 62, 1 (Mar. 2016), 233–243.
R. S. Rabaça, F. Jerji, and C. Akamine. 2021. Implementation of a 3-layer LDM broadcast system backward-compatible with ISDB-TB. Radioengineering 30, 2 (2021), 422–434.
T. Biatek et al. 2022. Live OTT services delivery with ad-insertion using VVC, CMAF-LL and ROUTE: An end-to-end chain. In Proc. Mile-High Video Conf.
K. Kariyawin, I. Riadi, and H. Herman. 2023. Performance analysis of real time streaming protocol (RTSP) and real time transport protocol (RTP) using VLC application on live video streaming. Jurnal Teknik Informatika (Jutif) (2023).
B. Cock, I. Vidal, and F. Valera. 2026. Architecting multi-cluster layer-2 connectivity for cloud-native network slicing. Future Internet 18 (2026).
NVIDIA Corporation. 2026. Video Codec SDK. NVIDIA Developer. [link]. Accessed July 2026.
W. Zia, T. Stockhammer, L. Chaponniere, G. Mandyam, and M. Luby. 2022. Real-Time Transport Object Delivery over Unidirectional Transport (ROUTE). RFC 9223. IETF.
A. R. Hevner, S. T. March, J. Park, and S. Ram. 2004. Design Science in Information Systems Research. MIS Quarterly, 28(1), 75–105.
K. Peffers, T. Tuunanen, M. A. Rothenberger, and S. Chatterjee. 2007. A Design Science Research Methodology for Information Systems Research. Journal of Management Information Systems, 24(3), 45–77. DOI: 10.2753/MIS0742-1222240302.
Publicado
27/10/2026
Como Citar
OKWU, Emmanuel C.; MORENO, Marcelo F..
Design, Implementation, and Quality-of-Service Validation of a Cloud-Native TV 3.0 Streaming Architecture. In: WORKSHOP FUTURO DA TV DIGITAL INTERATIVA - SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE SISTEMAS MULTIMÍDIA E WEB (WEBMEDIA), 32. , 2026, Lavras/MG.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2026
.
p. 248-254.
ISSN 2596-1683.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/webmedia_estendido.2026.34202.
