A User Experience and Usability Test on Creating Games Specified as Graph Grammars
Resumo
GrameStation is a game engine based on Graph Grammar that allows creating and playing games modeled with this language. Graph Grammar is an intuitive formal language, but people who do not have previous experience with it may have difficulty understanding/specifying games in this way. Therefore, we propose an experiment to analyze the support provided by GrameStation during the creation of games modeled as Graph Grammars in order to facilitate this task. We analyzed three groups of people with different levels of knowledge about Graph Grammar. They created a game following provided instructions and answered a questionnaire. It is concluded that GrameStation is suitable for those who have experience with it, but presents gaps for people without experience. These results will guide the implementation of pedagogical agents in the tool.Referências
Brooke, J. (1996). SUS: A “quick and dirty” usability scale. Usability evaluation in industry, 189(3).
Cardoso, R. C., da Costa, V. K., Rodrigues, A. S., Tavares, T. A., Xavier, K. F., Peroba, J. A., Peglow, J., and Quadros, C. (2016). Doce labirinto: Experiencia de jogo utilizando interação baseada em movimentos da cabeça e recursos tangíveis. XV Simpósio Brasileiro de Jogos e Entretenimento Digital, pages 563–572.
DeVellis, R. F. (2003). Scale development: Theory and applications. Sage London, 13:0–176.
Ehrig, H., Heckel, R., Korff, M., Löwe, M., Ribeiro, L., Wagner, A., and Corradini, A. (1997). Algebraic Approaches to Graph Transformation. Part II: Single Pushout Approach and Comparison with Double Pushout Approach. In Handbook of Graph Grammars and Computing by Graph Transformation. Volume 1: Foundations. World Scientific Publishing Co., Inc.
Geraldes, W. B., Martins, E. R., and Afonseca, U. R. (2019). Avaliação da Usabilidade do Scratch utilizando o Método System Usability Scale (SUS). In Anais da X Escola Regional de Informática de Mato Grosso, pages 25–30. SBC.
Hassenzahl, M., Burmester, M., and Koller, F. (2003). Attrakdiff: Ein fragebogen zur messung wahrgenommener hedonischer und pragmatischer qualität. In Mensch & computer 2003, pages 187–196. Springer.
Nielsen, J. (1994). Usability Inspection Methods. In Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI ’94, page 413–414, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Petri, G., von Wangenheim, C. G., and Borgatto, A. F. (2016). MEEGA+: An Evolution of a Model for the Evaluation of Educational Games. INCoD/GQS, 3:1–40.
Ribeiro, L. (2000). Métodos Formais de Especificação: Gramática de Grafos. Escola de Informática da SBC-Sul, 8:1–33.
Sentance, S. and Csizmadia, A. (2017). Computing in the curriculum: Challenges and strategies from a teacher’s perspective. Education and Information Technologies, 22(2):469–495.
Silva, J. V., Junior, B. A. S., Foss, L., and da Costa Cavalheiro, S. A. (2022). A User Experience and Usability Test on Playing Games Specified as Graph Grammars in GrameStation. In Anais do XXX Workshop sobre Educação em Computação, pages 298–309, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC.
Silva, J. V., Silva Junior, B. A., Cavalheiro, S. A. C., and Foss, L. (2021). Gramers: Agentes Pedagógicos para uma plataforma de jogos baseada em Gramática de Grafos. In Anais do VI Workshop-Escola de Informática Teórica.
Silva Junior, B. A. (2020). GGasCT: Bringing Formal Methods to the Computational Thinking. Master’s thesis, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
Silva Junior, B. A., Cavalheiro, S. A. C., and Foss, L. (2021). GrameStation: Specifying Games with Graphs. In Anais do XXXII Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação, pages 499–511, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC.
Technologies, U. (2022). Unity real-time development pltaform – 3D, 2D, VR, and AR engine. Available at: http://unity.com/. Accessed: 2022-03-08.
Tolentino, G. P., Battaglini, C., Pereira, A. C. V., Oliveria, R. J. d., and Paula, M. G. M. d. (2011). Usability of Serious Games for Health. In 2011 Third International Conference on Games and Virtual Worlds for Serious Applications, pages 172–175.
Wing, J. M. (2006). Computational Thinking. Communications of the ACM, 49(3):33–35.
Cardoso, R. C., da Costa, V. K., Rodrigues, A. S., Tavares, T. A., Xavier, K. F., Peroba, J. A., Peglow, J., and Quadros, C. (2016). Doce labirinto: Experiencia de jogo utilizando interação baseada em movimentos da cabeça e recursos tangíveis. XV Simpósio Brasileiro de Jogos e Entretenimento Digital, pages 563–572.
DeVellis, R. F. (2003). Scale development: Theory and applications. Sage London, 13:0–176.
Ehrig, H., Heckel, R., Korff, M., Löwe, M., Ribeiro, L., Wagner, A., and Corradini, A. (1997). Algebraic Approaches to Graph Transformation. Part II: Single Pushout Approach and Comparison with Double Pushout Approach. In Handbook of Graph Grammars and Computing by Graph Transformation. Volume 1: Foundations. World Scientific Publishing Co., Inc.
Geraldes, W. B., Martins, E. R., and Afonseca, U. R. (2019). Avaliação da Usabilidade do Scratch utilizando o Método System Usability Scale (SUS). In Anais da X Escola Regional de Informática de Mato Grosso, pages 25–30. SBC.
Hassenzahl, M., Burmester, M., and Koller, F. (2003). Attrakdiff: Ein fragebogen zur messung wahrgenommener hedonischer und pragmatischer qualität. In Mensch & computer 2003, pages 187–196. Springer.
Nielsen, J. (1994). Usability Inspection Methods. In Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI ’94, page 413–414, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery.
Petri, G., von Wangenheim, C. G., and Borgatto, A. F. (2016). MEEGA+: An Evolution of a Model for the Evaluation of Educational Games. INCoD/GQS, 3:1–40.
Ribeiro, L. (2000). Métodos Formais de Especificação: Gramática de Grafos. Escola de Informática da SBC-Sul, 8:1–33.
Sentance, S. and Csizmadia, A. (2017). Computing in the curriculum: Challenges and strategies from a teacher’s perspective. Education and Information Technologies, 22(2):469–495.
Silva, J. V., Junior, B. A. S., Foss, L., and da Costa Cavalheiro, S. A. (2022). A User Experience and Usability Test on Playing Games Specified as Graph Grammars in GrameStation. In Anais do XXX Workshop sobre Educação em Computação, pages 298–309, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC.
Silva, J. V., Silva Junior, B. A., Cavalheiro, S. A. C., and Foss, L. (2021). Gramers: Agentes Pedagógicos para uma plataforma de jogos baseada em Gramática de Grafos. In Anais do VI Workshop-Escola de Informática Teórica.
Silva Junior, B. A. (2020). GGasCT: Bringing Formal Methods to the Computational Thinking. Master’s thesis, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
Silva Junior, B. A., Cavalheiro, S. A. C., and Foss, L. (2021). GrameStation: Specifying Games with Graphs. In Anais do XXXII Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação, pages 499–511, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC.
Technologies, U. (2022). Unity real-time development pltaform – 3D, 2D, VR, and AR engine. Available at: http://unity.com/. Accessed: 2022-03-08.
Tolentino, G. P., Battaglini, C., Pereira, A. C. V., Oliveria, R. J. d., and Paula, M. G. M. d. (2011). Usability of Serious Games for Health. In 2011 Third International Conference on Games and Virtual Worlds for Serious Applications, pages 172–175.
Wing, J. M. (2006). Computational Thinking. Communications of the ACM, 49(3):33–35.
Publicado
06/08/2023
Como Citar
SILVA, Júlia Veiga da; SILVA JUNIOR, Braz Araujo da; FOSS, Luciana; CAVALHEIRO, Simone André da Costa.
A User Experience and Usability Test on Creating Games Specified as Graph Grammars. In: WORKSHOP SOBRE EDUCAÇÃO EM COMPUTAÇÃO (WEI), 31. , 2023, João Pessoa/PB.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2023
.
p. 361-372.
ISSN 2595-6175.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/wei.2023.229539.
