Análise de Desempenho e Planejamento de Capacidade em Arquiteturas MQTT para Aplicações IoT
Resumo
O protocolo MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) é amplamente adotado em aplicações de Internet das Coisas (IoT) devido à sua leveza, que o torna adequado para dispositivos com recursos limitados. No entanto, em ambientes complexos, surgem desafios relacionados à configuração de brokers e ao gerenciamento do tráfego de mensagens, que podem comprometer o desempenho das arquiteturas. Este artigo apresenta um modelo baseado em Redes de Petri Estocásticas (SPN) para análise e planejamento de capacidade em arquiteturas MQTT, permitindo avaliar o comportamento do sistema sob diferentes níveis de tráfego e configurações de brokers. Os resultados indicam que o tempo de resposta e a vazão são diretamente afetados pela intensidade do tráfego. Essa análise fornece uma base sólida para decisões estratégicas de configuração e expansão de sistemas MQTT em cenários críticos.
Referências
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Gruener, S., Koziolek, H., and Rückert, J. (2021). Towards resilient iot messaging: An experience report analyzing mqtt brokers. In 2021 IEEE 18th International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA), pages 69–79.
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Hmissi, F. and Ouni, S. (2022). Td-mqtt: Transparent distributed mqtt brokers for horizontal iot applications. In 2022 IEEE 9th International Conference on Sciences of Electronics, Technologies of Information and Telecommunications (SETIT), pages 479–486.
Laghari, S. U. A., Li, W., Manickam, S., Nanda, P., Al-Ani, A. K., and Karuppayah, S. (2024). Securing mqtt ecosystem: Exploring vulnerabilities, mitigations, and future trajectories. IEEE Access, 12:139273–139289.
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Mishra, B., Mishra, B., and Kertesz, A. (2021). Stress-testing mqtt brokers: A comparative analysis of performance measurements. Energies, 14(18):5817.
Nam, J., Jun, Y., and Choi, M. (2022). High performance iot cloud computing framework using pub/sub techniques. Applied Sciences, 12(21):11009.
Nast, M., Golatowski, F., and Timmermann, D. (2023). Design and performance evaluation of a standalone mqtt for sensor networks (mqtt-sn) broker. In 2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS), pages 1–8.
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Raja, P., Kumar, S., Yadav, D. S., and Singh, T. (2023). The internet of things (iot): A review of concepts, technologies, and applications. International Journal of Information Technology and Communication (IJITC), 3(02):21–32.
Rodriguez, L. G. A. and Batista, D. M. (2023). Resource-intensive fuzzing for mqtt brokers: State of the art, performance evaluation, and open issues. IEEE Networking Letters, 5(2):100–104.
Seoane, V., Garcia-Rubio, C., Almenares, F., and Campo, C. (2021). Performance evaluation of coap and mqtt with security support for iot environments. Computer Networks, 197:108338.
Silva, F. A., Fé, I., and Gonçalves, G. (2021). Stochastic models for performance and cost analysis of a hybrid cloud and fog architecture. The Journal of Supercomputing, 77:1537–1561.
Spohn, M. A. (2022). On mqtt scalability in the internet of things: issues, solutions, and future directions. Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, pages 4–4.
Vailshery, L. S. (2024). Number of internet of things (iot) connected devices worldwide from 2019 to 2021, with forecasts from 2022 to 2030. Acesso em: 2 jan. 2025.
Yokotani, T., Ohno, S., Mukai, H., and Ishibashi, K. (2021). Iot platform with distributed brokers on mqtt. International Journal of Future Computer and Communication, 10(1):7–12.
Zorkany, M., Fahmy, K., and Yahya, A. (2019). Performance evaluation of iot messaging protocol implementation for e-health systems. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 10(11).
Doshi, R., Inamdar, S., Karmarkar, T., and Wakode, M. (2024). Distributed mqtt broker: A load-balanced redis-based architecture. In 2024 International Conference on Emerging Smart Computing and Informatics (ESCI), pages 1–6.
Fiege, L., Muhl, G., and Behnel, S. (2006). On quality-of-service and publish-subscribe. page 20.
Gemirter, C. B., Şenturca, Ç., and Baydere, Ş. (2021). A comparative evaluation of amqp, mqtt and http protocols using real-time public smart city data. In 2021 6th International Conference on Computer Science and Engineering (UBMK), pages 542–547. IEEE.
Gruener, S., Koziolek, H., and Rückert, J. (2021). Towards resilient iot messaging: An experience report analyzing mqtt brokers. In 2021 IEEE 18th International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA), pages 69–79.
Hafaiedh, I. B. (2022). Formal models for the verification, performance evaluation, and comparison of iot communication protocols. In 2022 IEEE 21st International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications (NCA), volume 21, pages 131–138. IEEE.
Hmissi, F. and Ouni, S. (2022). Td-mqtt: Transparent distributed mqtt brokers for horizontal iot applications. In 2022 IEEE 9th International Conference on Sciences of Electronics, Technologies of Information and Telecommunications (SETIT), pages 479–486.
Laghari, S. U. A., Li, W., Manickam, S., Nanda, P., Al-Ani, A. K., and Karuppayah, S. (2024). Securing mqtt ecosystem: Exploring vulnerabilities, mitigations, and future trajectories. IEEE Access, 12:139273–139289.
Li, Y. and Fujita, S. (2024). A synergistic elixir-eda-mqtt framework for advanced smart transportation systems. Future Internet, 16(3):81.
Little, J. D. and Graves, S. C. (2008). Little’s law. Building intuition: insights from basic operations management models and principles, pages 81–100.
Maciel, P. (2020). Mercury Tool Manual v5.0 MoDCS Research Group [link].
Maciel, P., Matos, R., Silva, B., Figueiredo, J., Oliveira, D., Fé, I., Maciel, R., and Dantas, J. (2017). Mercury: Performance and dependability evaluation of systems with exponential, expolynomial, and general distributions. In 2017 IEEE 22nd Pacific Rim international symposium on dependable computing (PRDC), pages 50–57. IEEE.
Maciel, P. R. M. (2023). Performance, reliability, and availability evaluation of computational systems, volume I: performance and background. Chapman and Hall/CRC.
Mishra, B. and Kertesz, A. (2020). The use of mqtt in m2m and iot systems: A survey. IEEE Access, 8:201071–201086.
Mishra, B., Mishra, B., and Kertesz, A. (2021). Stress-testing mqtt brokers: A comparative analysis of performance measurements. Energies, 14(18):5817.
Nam, J., Jun, Y., and Choi, M. (2022). High performance iot cloud computing framework using pub/sub techniques. Applied Sciences, 12(21):11009.
Nast, M., Golatowski, F., and Timmermann, D. (2023). Design and performance evaluation of a standalone mqtt for sensor networks (mqtt-sn) broker. In 2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS), pages 1–8.
Putpuek, N., Putpuek, A., and Phawandee, S. (2023). Performance evaluation of opc ua and mqtt for etat smart lab (esl). In 2023 7th International Conference on Information Technology (InCIT), pages 17–21.
Raja, P., Kumar, S., Yadav, D. S., and Singh, T. (2023). The internet of things (iot): A review of concepts, technologies, and applications. International Journal of Information Technology and Communication (IJITC), 3(02):21–32.
Rodriguez, L. G. A. and Batista, D. M. (2023). Resource-intensive fuzzing for mqtt brokers: State of the art, performance evaluation, and open issues. IEEE Networking Letters, 5(2):100–104.
Seoane, V., Garcia-Rubio, C., Almenares, F., and Campo, C. (2021). Performance evaluation of coap and mqtt with security support for iot environments. Computer Networks, 197:108338.
Silva, F. A., Fé, I., and Gonçalves, G. (2021). Stochastic models for performance and cost analysis of a hybrid cloud and fog architecture. The Journal of Supercomputing, 77:1537–1561.
Spohn, M. A. (2022). On mqtt scalability in the internet of things: issues, solutions, and future directions. Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, pages 4–4.
Vailshery, L. S. (2024). Number of internet of things (iot) connected devices worldwide from 2019 to 2021, with forecasts from 2022 to 2030. Acesso em: 2 jan. 2025.
Yokotani, T., Ohno, S., Mukai, H., and Ishibashi, K. (2021). Iot platform with distributed brokers on mqtt. International Journal of Future Computer and Communication, 10(1):7–12.
Zorkany, M., Fahmy, K., and Yahya, A. (2019). Performance evaluation of iot messaging protocol implementation for e-health systems. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 10(11).
Publicado
20/07/2025
Como Citar
ALVES, Melissa et al.
Análise de Desempenho e Planejamento de Capacidade em Arquiteturas MQTT para Aplicações IoT. In: WORKSHOP EM DESEMPENHO DE SISTEMAS COMPUTACIONAIS E DE COMUNICAÇÃO (WPERFORMANCE), 24. , 2025, Maceió/AL.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2025
.
p. 25-36.
ISSN 2595-6167.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/wperformance.2025.8397.
