Resilient IIoT Communication via Edge-Based Store-and-Forward and SLO Monitoring

• José António Matias UFBA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7672-2208
• Raimundo José de Araújo Macêdo UFBA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/wtf.2026.24074

Resumo

Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) systems integrate Operational Technology (OT) and Information Technology (IT) through distributed pipelines, but remain vulnerable to wide-area network (WAN) instability, which affects latency and reliability. This work-in-progress paper proposes an edge-based architecture that combines OPC UA–MQTT translation, a store-and-forward mechanism, and monitoring based on Service Level Objectives (SLO) to improve resilience. Preliminary simulation results show a reduction in latency from 23.21 ms (cloud, low load) to 3.77 ms at the edge, while maintaining system stability even under stress scenarios in which the cloud reached 961.97 ms. An increase in delivery reliability (94.3%) under failures is also observed, highlighting the benefits and trade-offs of edge buffering.

Referências

Al-Masri, E., Kalyanam, K. R., Batts, J., Kim, J., Singh, S., Vo, T., and Yan, C. (2020). Investigating messaging protocols for the internet of things (iot). IEEE Access, 8:94880–94911.

Bigheti, J. A., Fernandes, M. M., Risso, S. L., Arao, D. P., and Godoy, E. P. (2019). Controle de processos baseado em serviços para a indústria 4.0. In Anais do I CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE INSTRUMENTAÇÃO, SISTEMAS E AUTOMAÇÃO (COBISA), volume 1, Brasil.

Bjørndal, N., de Araújo, L. J. P., Bucchiarone, A., Dragoni, N., Mazzara, M., and Dustdar, S. (2021). Benchmarks and performance metrics for assessing the migration to microservice-based architectures. Journal of Object Technology, 20(2):2:1–17.

Castilho, G. U. and Kamienski, C. (2018). Aplicação de computação em névoa na internet das coisas para cidades inteligentes: da teoria à prática. In Anais do IX Workshop de Computação em Nuvem, Grade e Aplicações (WCGA), Brasil.

Gaffurini, M., Brandão, D., Rinaldi, S., Flammini, A., Sisinni, E., and Ferrari, P. (2025). Characterizing the Real-Time Communication Performance of Virtual PLC in Industrial Edge Platform. IEEE Open Journal of Instrumentation and Measurement, 4:1–11.

Hewa, T., Braeken, A., Liyanage, M., and Ylianttila, M. (2022). Fog computing and blockchain-based security service architecture for 5G industrial IoT-enabled cloud manufacturing. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 18(10):7174–7185.

Hoppe, S., Graube, M., Iatrou, C., and Urbas, L. (2017). OPC UA meets MQTT – An industrial mapping concept. at-Automatisierungstechnik, 65(11):766–777.

Jammes, F., Karnouskos, S., Bony, B., et al. (2014). Promising technologies for SOA-based industrial automation systems. In Colombo, A. W., Bangemann, T., Karnouskos, S., Delsing, J., Stluka, P., Harrison, R., Jammes, F., and Lastra, J. L., editors, Industrial Cloud-Based Cyber-Physical Systems. Springer, Cham, Switzerland.

Kagermann, H., Wahlster, W., and Helbig, J. (2013). Recommendations for implementing the strategic initiative industrie 4.0: Final report of the industrie 4.0 working group. Technical report, acatech – National Academy of Science and Engineering, Berlin, Germany.

Kompally, V. S. (2025). A microservices-based hybrid cloud-edge architecture for real-time IIoT analytics. Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management, 10(16s).

Kyösti, P. and Lindström, J. (2022). Integration of legacy systems with modern platforms using arrowhead framework. Process Automation.

Mahmud, R., Pallewatta, S., Goudarzi, M., and Buyya, R. (2022). ifogsim2: An extended ifogsim simulator for mobility, clustering, and microservice management in edge and fog computing environments. J. Syst. Softw., 190(C).

Newman, S. (2015). Building microservices. O’Reilly Media.

Sharma, M., Tomar, A., and Hazra, A. (2024). Edge computing for industry 5.0: Fundamental, applications, and research challenges. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 11(11):19070–19093.

Usman, M., Ferlin, S., Brunstrom, A., and Taheri, J. (2022). A survey on observability of distributed edge & container-based microservices. IEEE Access, 10:86904–86919.