Misinformation, Radicalization and Hate Through the Lens of Users
Resumo
The popularization of Online Social Networks has changed the dynamics of content creation and consumption. In this setting, society has witnessed an amplification in phenomena such as misinformation and hate speech. This dissertation studies these issues through the lens of users. In three case studies in social networks, we: (i) provide insight on how the perception of what is misinformation is altered by political opinion; (ii) propose a methodology to study hate speech on a user-level, showing that the network structure of users can improve the detection of the phenomenon; (iii) characterize user radicalization in far-right channels on YouTube through time, showing a growing migration towards the consumption of extreme content in the platform.
Palavras-chave:
Misinformation, Radicalization, Hate Speech, Social Networks
Referências
ADL (2019). From Alt Right to Alt Lite: Naming the Hate.
Allcott, H. and Gentzkow, M. (2017). Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(2):211-236.
Davidson, T., Warmsley, D., Macy, M., and Weber, I. (2017). Automated Hate Speech Detection and the Problem of Offensive Language. In Eleventh International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media.
Ferrara, E., Varol, O., Davis, C., Menczer, F., and Flammini, A. (2016). The Rise of Social Bots. Commun. ACM, 59(7):96-104.
Google (2019). Hate speech policy.
Gottfried, J. and Shearer, E. (2016). News Use Across Social Media Platforms 2016. Technical report, Pew Research Center.
Julia Angwin, H. G. (2017). Facebook’s Secret Censorship Rules Protect White Men From Hate Speech But Not Black Children.
Lewis, R. (2018). Alternative influence: Broadcasting the reactionary right on YouTube. Technical report, Data and Society.
Lianne, C.-F. and Simmonds, H. (2013). Redefining Gatekeeping Theory For A Digital Generation. The McMaster Journal of Communication, 8.
Liao, Q. V. and Fu, W.-T. (2013). Beyond the Filter Bubble: Interactive Effects of Perceived Threat and Topic Involvement on Selective Exposure to Information. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI ’13, pages 2359-2368, New York, NY, USA. ACM.
Mann, A., Nguyen, K., and Gregory, K. (2019). ’Emperor Cottrell’: Accused Christ-church shooter had celebrated rise of the Australian far-right.
Nagle, A. (2017). Kill All Normies: Online Culture Wars From 4Chan And Tumblr To Trump And The Alt-Right. John Hunt Publishing.
Newman, N. (2011). Mainstream media and the distribution of news in the age of social media. Technical report.
NW, . L. S., 800Washington, S., and Inquiries, D. U.-.-. |. M.-.-. |. F.-.-. |. M. (2015). Global Support for Principle of Free Expression, but Opposition to Some Forms of Speech.
Pariser, E. (2011). The Filter Bubble: What The Internet Is Hiding From You. Penguin UK.
Rainie, H., Anderson, J. Q., and Albright, J. (2017). The future of free speech, trolls, anonymity and fake news online. Technical report, Pew Research Center Washington, DC.
Schmidt, A. and Wiegand, M. (2017). A Survey on Hate Speech Detection using Natural Language Processing. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Natural Language Processing for Social Media, pages 1-10, Valencia, Spain. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Sellars, A. (2016). Defining Hate Speech. SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2882244, Social Science Research Network, Rochester, NY.
Shu, K., Sliva, A., Wang, S., Tang, J., and Liu, H. (2017). Fake News Detection on Social Media: A Data Mining Perspective. SIGKDD Explor. Newsl., 19(1):22-36.
Tandoc Jr, E. C., Lim, Z. W., and Ling, R. (2018). Defining “Fake News”. Digital Journalism, 6(2):137-153.
Twitter (2019). Hateful conduct policy.
Zannettou, S., Caulfield, T., Blackburn, J., De Cristofaro, E., Sirivianos, M., Stringhini, G., and Suarez-Tangil, G. (2018a). On the Origins of Memes by Means of Fringe Web Communities. In Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference 2018, IMC ’18, pages 188-202, New York, NY, USA. ACM. event-place: Boston, MA, USA.
Zannettou, S., Caulfield, T., De Cristofaro, E., Sirivianos, M., Stringhini, G., and Black-burn, J. (2019). Disinformation Warfare: Understanding State-Sponsored Trolls on Twitter and Their Influence on the Web. In Companion Proceedings of The 2019 World Wide Web Conference, WWW ’19, pages 218-226, New York, NY, USA. ACM. event-place: San Francisco, USA.
Zannettou, S., Sirivianos, M., Blackburn, J., and Kourtellis, N. (2018b). The Web of False Information: Rumors, Fake News, Hoaxes, Clickbait, and Various Other Shenanigans. arXiv:1804.03461 [cs]. arXiv: 1804.03461.
Allcott, H. and Gentzkow, M. (2017). Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(2):211-236.
Davidson, T., Warmsley, D., Macy, M., and Weber, I. (2017). Automated Hate Speech Detection and the Problem of Offensive Language. In Eleventh International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media.
Ferrara, E., Varol, O., Davis, C., Menczer, F., and Flammini, A. (2016). The Rise of Social Bots. Commun. ACM, 59(7):96-104.
Google (2019). Hate speech policy.
Gottfried, J. and Shearer, E. (2016). News Use Across Social Media Platforms 2016. Technical report, Pew Research Center.
Julia Angwin, H. G. (2017). Facebook’s Secret Censorship Rules Protect White Men From Hate Speech But Not Black Children.
Lewis, R. (2018). Alternative influence: Broadcasting the reactionary right on YouTube. Technical report, Data and Society.
Lianne, C.-F. and Simmonds, H. (2013). Redefining Gatekeeping Theory For A Digital Generation. The McMaster Journal of Communication, 8.
Liao, Q. V. and Fu, W.-T. (2013). Beyond the Filter Bubble: Interactive Effects of Perceived Threat and Topic Involvement on Selective Exposure to Information. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI ’13, pages 2359-2368, New York, NY, USA. ACM.
Mann, A., Nguyen, K., and Gregory, K. (2019). ’Emperor Cottrell’: Accused Christ-church shooter had celebrated rise of the Australian far-right.
Nagle, A. (2017). Kill All Normies: Online Culture Wars From 4Chan And Tumblr To Trump And The Alt-Right. John Hunt Publishing.
Newman, N. (2011). Mainstream media and the distribution of news in the age of social media. Technical report.
NW, . L. S., 800Washington, S., and Inquiries, D. U.-.-. |. M.-.-. |. F.-.-. |. M. (2015). Global Support for Principle of Free Expression, but Opposition to Some Forms of Speech.
Pariser, E. (2011). The Filter Bubble: What The Internet Is Hiding From You. Penguin UK.
Rainie, H., Anderson, J. Q., and Albright, J. (2017). The future of free speech, trolls, anonymity and fake news online. Technical report, Pew Research Center Washington, DC.
Schmidt, A. and Wiegand, M. (2017). A Survey on Hate Speech Detection using Natural Language Processing. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Natural Language Processing for Social Media, pages 1-10, Valencia, Spain. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Sellars, A. (2016). Defining Hate Speech. SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2882244, Social Science Research Network, Rochester, NY.
Shu, K., Sliva, A., Wang, S., Tang, J., and Liu, H. (2017). Fake News Detection on Social Media: A Data Mining Perspective. SIGKDD Explor. Newsl., 19(1):22-36.
Tandoc Jr, E. C., Lim, Z. W., and Ling, R. (2018). Defining “Fake News”. Digital Journalism, 6(2):137-153.
Twitter (2019). Hateful conduct policy.
Zannettou, S., Caulfield, T., Blackburn, J., De Cristofaro, E., Sirivianos, M., Stringhini, G., and Suarez-Tangil, G. (2018a). On the Origins of Memes by Means of Fringe Web Communities. In Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference 2018, IMC ’18, pages 188-202, New York, NY, USA. ACM. event-place: Boston, MA, USA.
Zannettou, S., Caulfield, T., De Cristofaro, E., Sirivianos, M., Stringhini, G., and Black-burn, J. (2019). Disinformation Warfare: Understanding State-Sponsored Trolls on Twitter and Their Influence on the Web. In Companion Proceedings of The 2019 World Wide Web Conference, WWW ’19, pages 218-226, New York, NY, USA. ACM. event-place: San Francisco, USA.
Zannettou, S., Sirivianos, M., Blackburn, J., and Kourtellis, N. (2018b). The Web of False Information: Rumors, Fake News, Hoaxes, Clickbait, and Various Other Shenanigans. arXiv:1804.03461 [cs]. arXiv: 1804.03461.
Publicado
30/06/2020
Como Citar
RIBEIRO, Manoel Horta; ALMEIDA, Virgílio A. F.; MEIRA JR, Wagner.
Misinformation, Radicalization and Hate Through the Lens of Users. In: CONCURSO DE TESES E DISSERTAÇÕES (CTD), 33. , 2020, Cuiabá.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2020
.
p. 79-84.
ISSN 2763-8820.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/ctd.2020.11373.
