Avaliação de Desempenho de um Framework para Ajuste Dinâmico de Dificuldade em Jogos Single Player
Resumo
O desenvolvimento de mecanismos de Ajuste Dinâmico de Dificuldade (DDA) em jogos digitais é uma alternativa para aumentar a retenção do jogador. Muitas são as questões em aberto, e ainda é escassa a discussão acerca do impacto do uso de mecanismos de DDA no desempenho do jogo. Neste horizonte, este trabalho apresenta um experimento realizado para verificar possíveis impactos ao serem inseridos em um jogo mecanismos gerados com o DDA-MAPEKit, um framework desenvolvido para este propósito. Para isso, foram consideradas quatro métricas: quadros por segundo (FPS), frame time, além dos consumos de memória RAM e de CPU. Notaram-se efeitos no FPS e frame time (redução de aproximadamente 16.1% no FPS), que podem impactar na experiência do jogador a partir de um determinado número de mecanismos simultâneos (n = 10). Esta redução foi considerada aceitável em um valor inferior a 10 mecanismos.
Referências
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Claypool, M. and Claypool, K. (2009). Perspectives, frame rates and resolutions: It’s all in the game. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Foundations of Digital Games, FDG ’09, page 42–49, New York, NY, USA. ACM.
Claypool, M., Claypool, K., and Damaa, F. (2006). The effects of frame rate and resolution on users playing first-person shooter games. In Chandra, S. and Griwodz, C., editors, Multimedia Computing and Networking 2006, volume 6071, page 607101. International Society for Optics and Photonics, SPIE.
de Lima, E. S., Silva, B. M., and Galam, G. T. (2022). Adaptive virtual reality horror games based on machine learning and player modeling. Entertainment Computing, 43:100515.
Dunlop, R. (2003). Fps versus frame time. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 26 de set. de 2023.
Hunicke, R. (2005). The case for dynamic difficulty adjustment in games. In Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology, ACE ’05, page 429–433, New York, NY, USA. ACM.
Li, Y.-C., Hsu, C.-H., Lin, Y.-C., and Hsu, C.-H. (2020). Performance measurements on a cloud VR gaming platform. In Proceedings of QoEVMA’20, QoEVMA’20, page 37–45, New York, NY, USA. ACM.
Mi, Q. and Gao, T. (2022). Improved Belgian AI algorithm for dynamic management in action role-playing games. Applied Sciences, 12(22):11860.
Sepulveda, G. K., Besoain, F., and Barriga, N. A. (2020). Exploring dynamic difficulty adjustment in videogames. In 2019 IEEE CHILEAN Conference on Electrical, Electronics Engineering, Information and Communication Technologies (CHILECON). IEEE.
Seyderhelm, A. J. A. and Blackmore, K. (2021). Systematic review of dynamic difficulty adaption for serious games: The importance of diverse approaches. SSRN E-Journal.
Souza, C., Oliveira, S., Berretta, L., and Carvalho, S. (2023a). The use of health data for dynamic difficulty adjustment in serious games (in Portuguese). In Proceedings of SBCAS 2023, pages 479–484, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC.
Souza, C. H. R., Oliveira, S. S. D., Berretta, L. O., and de Carvalho, S. T. (2023b). DDAMAPEKIT: A framework for dynamic difficulty adjustment based on MAPE-K loop. In Proceedings of SBGames 2023, pages 01—-10, New York, NY, USA. ACM.
Streicher, A. and Smeddinck, J. D. (2016). Personalized and adaptive serious games. In Entertainment Computing and Serious Games, pages 332–377. Springer International Publishing.
Tagliaro, L. R. G. (2022). An implementation of adaptive difficulty systems for challenging video games. Undergraduate Thesis.
Vahlo, J., Kaakinen, J. K., Holm, S. K., and Koponen, A. (2017). Digital game dynamics preferences and player types. JCMC, 22(2):88–103.
Wang, J., Shi, R., Zheng, W., Xie, W., Kao, D., and Liang, H.-N. (2023). Effect of frame rate on user experience, performance, and simulator sickness in virtual reality. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 29(5):2478–2488.
Weyns, D. (2021). An Introduction to Self-Adaptive Systems. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Zohaib, M. (2018). Dynamic difficulty adjustment (DDA) in computer games: A review. Advances in Human-Computer Interaction, 2018:1–12.
Claypool, M. and Claypool, K. (2009). Perspectives, frame rates and resolutions: It’s all in the game. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Foundations of Digital Games, FDG ’09, page 42–49, New York, NY, USA. ACM.
Claypool, M., Claypool, K., and Damaa, F. (2006). The effects of frame rate and resolution on users playing first-person shooter games. In Chandra, S. and Griwodz, C., editors, Multimedia Computing and Networking 2006, volume 6071, page 607101. International Society for Optics and Photonics, SPIE.
de Lima, E. S., Silva, B. M., and Galam, G. T. (2022). Adaptive virtual reality horror games based on machine learning and player modeling. Entertainment Computing, 43:100515.
Dunlop, R. (2003). Fps versus frame time. Disponível em: [link]. Acesso em: 26 de set. de 2023.
Hunicke, R. (2005). The case for dynamic difficulty adjustment in games. In Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology, ACE ’05, page 429–433, New York, NY, USA. ACM.
Li, Y.-C., Hsu, C.-H., Lin, Y.-C., and Hsu, C.-H. (2020). Performance measurements on a cloud VR gaming platform. In Proceedings of QoEVMA’20, QoEVMA’20, page 37–45, New York, NY, USA. ACM.
Mi, Q. and Gao, T. (2022). Improved Belgian AI algorithm for dynamic management in action role-playing games. Applied Sciences, 12(22):11860.
Sepulveda, G. K., Besoain, F., and Barriga, N. A. (2020). Exploring dynamic difficulty adjustment in videogames. In 2019 IEEE CHILEAN Conference on Electrical, Electronics Engineering, Information and Communication Technologies (CHILECON). IEEE.
Seyderhelm, A. J. A. and Blackmore, K. (2021). Systematic review of dynamic difficulty adaption for serious games: The importance of diverse approaches. SSRN E-Journal.
Souza, C., Oliveira, S., Berretta, L., and Carvalho, S. (2023a). The use of health data for dynamic difficulty adjustment in serious games (in Portuguese). In Proceedings of SBCAS 2023, pages 479–484, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. SBC.
Souza, C. H. R., Oliveira, S. S. D., Berretta, L. O., and de Carvalho, S. T. (2023b). DDAMAPEKIT: A framework for dynamic difficulty adjustment based on MAPE-K loop. In Proceedings of SBGames 2023, pages 01—-10, New York, NY, USA. ACM.
Streicher, A. and Smeddinck, J. D. (2016). Personalized and adaptive serious games. In Entertainment Computing and Serious Games, pages 332–377. Springer International Publishing.
Tagliaro, L. R. G. (2022). An implementation of adaptive difficulty systems for challenging video games. Undergraduate Thesis.
Vahlo, J., Kaakinen, J. K., Holm, S. K., and Koponen, A. (2017). Digital game dynamics preferences and player types. JCMC, 22(2):88–103.
Wang, J., Shi, R., Zheng, W., Xie, W., Kao, D., and Liang, H.-N. (2023). Effect of frame rate on user experience, performance, and simulator sickness in virtual reality. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 29(5):2478–2488.
Weyns, D. (2021). An Introduction to Self-Adaptive Systems. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Zohaib, M. (2018). Dynamic difficulty adjustment (DDA) in computer games: A review. Advances in Human-Computer Interaction, 2018:1–12.
Publicado
07/12/2023
Como Citar
SOUZA, Carlos Henrique R.; BERRETA, Luciana de O.; DE CARVALHO, Sérgio T..
Avaliação de Desempenho de um Framework para Ajuste Dinâmico de Dificuldade em Jogos Single Player. In: ESCOLA REGIONAL DE INFORMÁTICA DE GOIÁS (ERI-GO), 11. , 2023, Goiânia/GO.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/erigo.2023.237289.
