Avaliação do Potencial de Técnicas Adaptativas Conjugadas para Software DSMs
Resumo
Neste artigo descrevemos um novo modelo de máquina de estados, denominado FSM (Finite State Machine) que permite a identificação precisa e detalhada dos padrões de compartilhamento de memória das aplicações quando executadas em sistemas software DSM. A FSM é baseada em eventos de coerência registrados em tempo de execução e oferece as vantagens de não aumentar o número de mensagens do protocolo DSM, não ser intrusiva à aplicação e ser transparente ao programador. Avaliamos a eficácia da FSM em melhorar o desempenho de técnicas adaptativas em TreadMarks utilizando seis aplicações representativas dos benchmarks NAS e SPLASH-2. O desempenho dessas aplicações, num sistema simulado com 16 processadores, revelou que os padrões gerados pela FSM permitem que técnicas adaptativas sejam exploradas mais eficazmente por TreadMarks, reduzindo seu overhead em até 58,7%.
Referências
S. Adve and M. Hill. A Unified Formalization of Four Shared-Memory Models. IEEE Trans. on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 4(6), June 1993.
C. Amza, A. Cox, S. Dwarkadas, and W, Zwaenepoel. Software DSM Protocols that Adapt Between Single Writer and Multiple Writer. In Proc. of the 3rd IEEE Symp. on High-Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA-3), pages 261 - 271, Febrary 1997.
B.N. Bershad, M.J. Zekauskas, and W.A. Sawdon. The Midway Distributed Shared Memory System. In Proc. of the 38th IEEE Int'l Computer Conference(COMPCON Spring'93), pages 528 - 537, Febrary 1993.
J.B. Carter, J.K. Bennett, and W. Zwaenepoel. Implementation and Performance of Munin. In Proc. of the 13th ACM Symp. on Operating Systems Principles, pages 152-164, October 1991.
S. Dwarkadas, P. Keleher, A.L. Cox, and W. Zwaenepoel. Evaluation of Release Consistent Software Distributed Shared Memory on Emerging Network Technology. In Proc. of the 20th An. Int'l Symp. on Computer Architecture (ISCA'93), May 1993.
D. Bailey et al. The nas Parallel Benchmarks. Technical Report RNR-94-007, NASA Ames Research Center. March 1994.
D. Culler et al. Parallel Programing in Split-C. In Proc. of Supercomputing (SC'93), pages 262 - 273, November 1993.
L. Iftode, J. P. Singh, and K. Li. Understanding Application Performance on Shared Virtual Memory Systems. In Proc. of the 28th An. Int'l Symp. on Computer Architecture (ISCA '96), pages 122-133, May 1996.
L. Iftode, J.P. Singh, and K. Li. Scope Consistency: A Bridge Between Release Consistency and Entry Consistency. In Proc. of the 8th ACM Symp. on Parallel Algorithms and Architectures (SPAA '96), June 1996.
D. Jiang, H. Shan, and J. Pal Singh. Application Restructuring and Performance Portability on Shared Virtual Memory and Hardware-Coherent Multiprocessors. In Proc. of the Sirth ACM SIGPLAN Symp. on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming (PPOPP'97), pages 217 - 229, June 1997.
P. Keleher, A.L. Cox, and W. Zwaenepoel. Lazy Release Consistency for Software Distributed Shared Memory. In Proc. of the 19th An. Int'l Symp. on Computer Architecture (ISCA'92), May 1992.
P. Keleher, S. Dwarkadas, A.L. Cox, and W. Zwaenepoel. Treadmarks: Distributed Shared Memory on Standard Workstations and Operating Systems. In Proc. of the 1994 Winter Usenir Conference, January 1994.
L. R. Monnerat and R. Bianchini. Efficiently Adapting to Sharing Patterns in Software DSMs. In Proc. of the 4th IEEE Symp. on High-Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA-4), pages -, Febrary 1998.
R. Pinto R. Bianchini and C. L. Amorim. Data Prefetching for Software DSMs. In To appear Proc. of the Int'l Conference on Supercomputing '98, July 1998.
C. B. Seidel, R. Bianchini, and C. L. Amorim. The Affinity Entry Consistency Protocol, In Proc. of the 1997 Int'l Conf. on Parallel Processing (ICPP'97), pages 208 - 217, August 1997.
P. Trancoso and J. Torrellas. The Impact of Speeding up Critical Sections with Data Prefetching and Forwarding. In Proc. of the. 1996 Int'l Conf. on Parallel Processing (ICPP'96), pages -, August 1996.
J. E. Veenstra and R. J. Fowler. MINT: A Front end for Efficient Simulation of Shared-Memory Multi-processors. In Proc. of the 2nd Int'l Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems, 1994.
S. Woo, M. Ohara, E. Torrie, J. Singh, and A. Gupta. The SPLASH? Programs: Characterization and Methodological Considerations. In Proc. of the 28th An. Int'l Symp. on Computer Architecture (ISCA '95). May 1995.
C. Amza, A. Cox, S. Dwarkadas, and W, Zwaenepoel. Software DSM Protocols that Adapt Between Single Writer and Multiple Writer. In Proc. of the 3rd IEEE Symp. on High-Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA-3), pages 261 - 271, Febrary 1997.
B.N. Bershad, M.J. Zekauskas, and W.A. Sawdon. The Midway Distributed Shared Memory System. In Proc. of the 38th IEEE Int'l Computer Conference(COMPCON Spring'93), pages 528 - 537, Febrary 1993.
J.B. Carter, J.K. Bennett, and W. Zwaenepoel. Implementation and Performance of Munin. In Proc. of the 13th ACM Symp. on Operating Systems Principles, pages 152-164, October 1991.
S. Dwarkadas, P. Keleher, A.L. Cox, and W. Zwaenepoel. Evaluation of Release Consistent Software Distributed Shared Memory on Emerging Network Technology. In Proc. of the 20th An. Int'l Symp. on Computer Architecture (ISCA'93), May 1993.
D. Bailey et al. The nas Parallel Benchmarks. Technical Report RNR-94-007, NASA Ames Research Center. March 1994.
D. Culler et al. Parallel Programing in Split-C. In Proc. of Supercomputing (SC'93), pages 262 - 273, November 1993.
L. Iftode, J. P. Singh, and K. Li. Understanding Application Performance on Shared Virtual Memory Systems. In Proc. of the 28th An. Int'l Symp. on Computer Architecture (ISCA '96), pages 122-133, May 1996.
L. Iftode, J.P. Singh, and K. Li. Scope Consistency: A Bridge Between Release Consistency and Entry Consistency. In Proc. of the 8th ACM Symp. on Parallel Algorithms and Architectures (SPAA '96), June 1996.
D. Jiang, H. Shan, and J. Pal Singh. Application Restructuring and Performance Portability on Shared Virtual Memory and Hardware-Coherent Multiprocessors. In Proc. of the Sirth ACM SIGPLAN Symp. on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming (PPOPP'97), pages 217 - 229, June 1997.
P. Keleher, A.L. Cox, and W. Zwaenepoel. Lazy Release Consistency for Software Distributed Shared Memory. In Proc. of the 19th An. Int'l Symp. on Computer Architecture (ISCA'92), May 1992.
P. Keleher, S. Dwarkadas, A.L. Cox, and W. Zwaenepoel. Treadmarks: Distributed Shared Memory on Standard Workstations and Operating Systems. In Proc. of the 1994 Winter Usenir Conference, January 1994.
L. R. Monnerat and R. Bianchini. Efficiently Adapting to Sharing Patterns in Software DSMs. In Proc. of the 4th IEEE Symp. on High-Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA-4), pages -, Febrary 1998.
R. Pinto R. Bianchini and C. L. Amorim. Data Prefetching for Software DSMs. In To appear Proc. of the Int'l Conference on Supercomputing '98, July 1998.
C. B. Seidel, R. Bianchini, and C. L. Amorim. The Affinity Entry Consistency Protocol, In Proc. of the 1997 Int'l Conf. on Parallel Processing (ICPP'97), pages 208 - 217, August 1997.
P. Trancoso and J. Torrellas. The Impact of Speeding up Critical Sections with Data Prefetching and Forwarding. In Proc. of the. 1996 Int'l Conf. on Parallel Processing (ICPP'96), pages -, August 1996.
J. E. Veenstra and R. J. Fowler. MINT: A Front end for Efficient Simulation of Shared-Memory Multi-processors. In Proc. of the 2nd Int'l Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems, 1994.
S. Woo, M. Ohara, E. Torrie, J. Singh, and A. Gupta. The SPLASH? Programs: Characterization and Methodological Considerations. In Proc. of the 28th An. Int'l Symp. on Computer Architecture (ISCA '95). May 1995.
Publicado
28/09/1998
Como Citar
CASTRO, M. C. S. de; AMORIM, C. L. de.
Avaliação do Potencial de Técnicas Adaptativas Conjugadas para Software DSMs. In: INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING (SBAC-PAD), 10. , 1998, Búzios/RJ.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
1998
.
p. 9-19.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbac-pad.1998.22660.
