Impacto da Resolução na Detecção de Retinopatia Diabética com uso de Deep Learning
Abstract
In the context of healthcare systems, preventive screening is one of the most effective ways to prevent disease progression. Most diseases can be treated when detected in their initial stages. The demand for preventive screening is increasing, and this demand cannot be efficiently covered by the overloaded medical doctors. Therefore, there is a current need for a methodology to automate and increase the efficiency of preventive screening. In this paper, we discuss the development of deep convolutional neural networks to detect diabetic retinopathy, and the impact of image and network resolution on prediction accuracy. We have achieved 0.93 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve by increasing the analysis resolution of the inception v3 architecture.
References
Decenciere, E., Zhang, X., Cazuguel, G., Lay, B., Cochener, B., Trone, C., Gain, P.,` Ordonez, R., Massin, P., Erginay, A., et al. (2014). Feedback on a publicly distributed image database: the messidor database. Image Analysis & Stereology, 33(3):231–234.
Gargeya, R. and Leng, T. (2017). Automated identification of diabetic retinopathy using deep learning. Ophthalmology, 124(7):962–969.
Gulshan, V., Peng, L., Coram, M., Stumpe, M. C., Wu, D., Narayanaswamy, A., Venugopalan, S., Widner, K., Madams, T., Cuadros, J., et al. (2016). Development and validation of a deep learning algorithm for detection of diabetic retinopathy in retinal fundus photographs. Jama, 316(22):2402–2410.
Hornik, K., Stinchcombe, M., and White, H. (1989). Multilayer feedforward networks are universal approximators. Neural networks, 2(5):359–366.
Krause, J., Gulshan, V., Rahimy, E., Karth, P., Widner, K., Corrado, G. S., Peng, L., and Webster, D. R. (2018). Grader variability and the importance of reference standards for evaluating machine learning models for diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmology, 125(8):1264–1272.
LeCun, Y., Bengio, Y., et al. (1995). Convolutional networks for images, speech, and time series. The handbook of brain theory and neural networks, 3361(10):1995.
Pratt, H., Coenen, F., Broadbent, D. M., Harding, S. P., and Zheng, Y. (2016). Convolutional neural networks for diabetic retinopathy. Procedia Computer Science, 90:200–205.
Resnikoff, S., Felch, W., Gauthier, T.-M., and Spivey, B. (2012). The number of ophthalmologists in practice and training worldwide: a growing gap despite more than 200 000 practitioners. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 96(6):783–787.
Stratton, I. M., Adler, A. I., Neil, H. A. W., Matthews, D. R., Manley, S. E., Cull, C. A., Hadden, D., Turner, R. C., and Holman, R. R. (2000). Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (ukpds 35): prospective observational study. Bmj, 321(7258):405–412.
Szegedy, C., Liu, W., Jia, Y., Sermanet, P., Reed, S., Anguelov, D., Erhan, D., Vanhoucke, V., and Rabinovich, A. (2015). Going deeper with convolutions. In Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pages 1–9.
Telo, G. H., Cureau, F. V., de Souza, M. S., Andrade, T. S., Copes, F., and Schaan, B. D. (2016). Prevalence of diabetes in brazil over time: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 8(1):65.
Tufail, A., Rudisill, C., Egan, C., Kapetanakis, V. V., Salas-Vega, S., Owen, C. G., Lee, A., Louw, V., Anderson, J., Liew, G., et al. (2017). Automated diabetic retinopathy image assessment software: diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness compared with human graders. Ophthalmology, 124(3):343–351.
Voets, M., Møllersen, K., and Bongo, L. A. (2018). Replication study: Development and validation of deep learning algorithm for detection of diabetic retinopathy in retinal fundus photographs. arXiv preprint arXiv:1803.04337.
Wong, T. Y. and Bressler, N. M. (2016). Artificial intelligence with deep learning technology looks into diabetic retinopathy screening. Jama, 316(22):2366–2367.
