Avaliando Contatos em Redes Oportunistas
Resumo
Redes Oportunistas (RO) são redes móveis que suportam enlaces intermitentes sofrendo atrasos longos. ROs trocam dados durante breves momentos, chamados contatos, quando os nós estão dentro dos seus raios de comunicação. Os contatos são efêmeros e imprevisíveis, desta forma estes devem ser implementados da forma eficiente. Entretanto, a maioria dos trabalhos da literatura empregam modelos de comunicação simplificados, tais como largura de banda ilimitada e transmissão livre de colisões. Este artigo avalia de forma mais realista os contatos nas ROs. As simulações mostram que, ao contrário do consenso na literatura, protocolos que transmitem menos Bundles, bem como aqueles que selecionam de forma criteriosa a quem repassar os dados, possuem um melhor desempenho que protocolos baseados em inundação, pois estes geram muita contenção no meio. Finalmente, o gerenciamento do buffer e a priorização dos dados influenciam em até no 30% desempenho.Referências
Boudec, J.-Y. L. and Vojnovic, M. (2006). The random trip model: stability, stationary regime, and perfect simulation. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw., 16(6):1153–1166.
Cao, Y. and Sun, Z. (2012). Routing in delay/disruption tolerant networks: A taxonomy, survey and challenges. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 8(1):1 –24.
Cerf, V., Burleigh, S., Hooke, A., Torgerson, L., Durst, R., Scott, K., Fall, K., and Weiss, H. (2007). Delay-Tolerant Networking Architecture. RFC 4838 (Informational).
Chaintreau, A., Hui, P., Crowcroft, J., Diot, C., Gass, R., and Scott, J. (2007). Impact of human mobility on opportunistic forwarding algorithms. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput., 6(6):606–620.
Cisco (2012). Cisco Aironet 350 series client adapters. [link].
Fall, K. (2003). A delay-tolerant network architecture for challenged internets. In Proceedings of SIGCOMM.
Keränen, A., Ott, J., and Kärkkäinen, T. (2009). The ONE Simulator for DTN Protocol Evaluation. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques (SIMUTools).
Lindgren, A. and Phanse, K. (2006). Evaluation of queueing policies and forwarding strategies for routing in intermittently connected networks. In International Conference on Communication System Software and Middleware (Comsware), pages 1–10.
Manfredi, V., Crovella, M., and Kurose, J. (2011). Understanding stateful vs stateless In Proceedings of the international communication strategies for ad hoc networks. conference on mobile computing and networking (MobiCom), pages 313–324.
Network Simulator (Dez., 2012). NS-2 simulator. http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/.
Pelusi, L., Passarella, A., and Conti, M. (2006). Opportunistic networking: data forwarding in disconnected mobile ad hoc networks. Communications Magazine, IEEE, 44(11):134–141.
Ristanovic, N., Theodorakopoulos, G., and Le Boudec, J. (2012). Traps and pitfalls of using contact traces in performance studies of opportunistic networks. In IEEE Infocom, pages 1377–1385.
Tournoux, P. U., Leguay, J., Benbadis, F., Conan, V., de Amorim, M. D., and Whitbeck, J. (2009). The Accordion Phenomenon: Analysis, Characterization, and Impact on DTN Routing. In IEEE INFOCOM 2009, pages 1116–1124.
Whitehouse, K., Woo, A., Jiang, F., Polastre, J., and Culler, D. (2005). Exploiting the capture effect for collision detection and recovery. In Proceedings of the IEEE workshop on embedded networked sensors (EmNetS-II), pages 45–52.
Cao, Y. and Sun, Z. (2012). Routing in delay/disruption tolerant networks: A taxonomy, survey and challenges. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 8(1):1 –24.
Cerf, V., Burleigh, S., Hooke, A., Torgerson, L., Durst, R., Scott, K., Fall, K., and Weiss, H. (2007). Delay-Tolerant Networking Architecture. RFC 4838 (Informational).
Chaintreau, A., Hui, P., Crowcroft, J., Diot, C., Gass, R., and Scott, J. (2007). Impact of human mobility on opportunistic forwarding algorithms. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput., 6(6):606–620.
Cisco (2012). Cisco Aironet 350 series client adapters. [link].
Fall, K. (2003). A delay-tolerant network architecture for challenged internets. In Proceedings of SIGCOMM.
Keränen, A., Ott, J., and Kärkkäinen, T. (2009). The ONE Simulator for DTN Protocol Evaluation. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques (SIMUTools).
Lindgren, A. and Phanse, K. (2006). Evaluation of queueing policies and forwarding strategies for routing in intermittently connected networks. In International Conference on Communication System Software and Middleware (Comsware), pages 1–10.
Manfredi, V., Crovella, M., and Kurose, J. (2011). Understanding stateful vs stateless In Proceedings of the international communication strategies for ad hoc networks. conference on mobile computing and networking (MobiCom), pages 313–324.
Network Simulator (Dez., 2012). NS-2 simulator. http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/.
Pelusi, L., Passarella, A., and Conti, M. (2006). Opportunistic networking: data forwarding in disconnected mobile ad hoc networks. Communications Magazine, IEEE, 44(11):134–141.
Ristanovic, N., Theodorakopoulos, G., and Le Boudec, J. (2012). Traps and pitfalls of using contact traces in performance studies of opportunistic networks. In IEEE Infocom, pages 1377–1385.
Tournoux, P. U., Leguay, J., Benbadis, F., Conan, V., de Amorim, M. D., and Whitbeck, J. (2009). The Accordion Phenomenon: Analysis, Characterization, and Impact on DTN Routing. In IEEE INFOCOM 2009, pages 1116–1124.
Whitehouse, K., Woo, A., Jiang, F., Polastre, J., and Culler, D. (2005). Exploiting the capture effect for collision detection and recovery. In Proceedings of the IEEE workshop on embedded networked sensors (EmNetS-II), pages 45–52.
Publicado
23/07/2013
Como Citar
OLIVEIRA, André B.; HORA, Diego N. da; ALMEIDA, Virgil del Duca; MACEDO, Daniel F..
Avaliando Contatos em Redes Oportunistas. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE COMPUTAÇÃO UBÍQUA E PERVASIVA (SBCUP), 5. , 2013, Maceió.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2013
.
p. 1932-1941.
ISSN 2595-6183.
